Used Crankshaft Turning Lathe for sale (9,300)

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2003, Technical details: bar material dia.: 13 mm turning length: 205 mm turning speeds: 12.000 / 12.000 U/min number of tools: 29 driven tools: ja / yes 19 control: FANUC 16 iT total power requirement: 9 kVA weight of the machine ca.: 1,7 t dimensions of the machine ca.: 2,7 x 1,4 x 1,7 m CNC sliding headstock machine, subspindle,Year 2003 (0450) FANUC 16i-T control with 9 axes, 9 axes (X / C1 / Y / E / B / A / X / c2), Main spindle, speed max. 12,000 rpm, C-axis, Counter spindle with collet, speed max. 12,000 rpm, C-axis, 4-fold tool holder 3 transverse drilling apparatuses Revolver with 8 stations various additional tool holders, quills, Extinguishing system Kraft and Bauer High pressure system SF-Systeme Büchele /SHD 150/ 150bar / 2 x 40 um /3 valves, Parts conveyor belt Manuals Operation/Programming/Electrical/Spare Parts Operating tool machine Up to 29 turning tools and up to 19 attachments possible 9.0KVA Tank capacity 170L Loading magazine FMB Turbo 2-16 /3200/A / from Ø2- Ø20 mm / Machine coolant use: Oil Cpsdjvivygspfx Ac Nsu Dimensions machine: approx. 2700 x 1400 x 1700 [mm]. Weight machine: approx. 1700 [kg] Dimensions of loading magazine: approx. 4300 x 600 x 1800 [mm]. Weight of loading magazine: approx. 700 [kg]. Dimensions of peripheral HD system: approx. 1500 x 500 x 1000 [mm] Weight of HD system peripherals: approx. 250 [kg] Dimensions peripherals & accessories: approx. 1200 x 800 x 1000 [mm] Weight of peripherals & accessories: approx. 200 [kg] Dimensions of peripherals & accessories: approx. 1200 x 800 x 1000 [mm] Weight of peripherals & accessories: approx. 200 [kg] *

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2001, Technical details: bar material dia.: 20 mm turning length: 205 mm turning speeds: 10.000 / 8.000 U/min number of tools: 19 driven tools: ja / yes control: FANUC 18i-T CNC sliding headstock machine, subspindle,7 axes (X/Z/Y/C1/X1/Z1(C2), Rod Ø max. 20 mm, Turning length max. 205 mm, Main spindle, max. speed 10,000 rpm, C-axis 0.001 degrees, Counter spindle with collet chuck, max. speed 8,000 rpm, C-axis, Tool holder for a total of 19 tools (linear tool holder, front attachment, rear machining), Parts conveyor belt, Standard guide bushing unit Loading magazine FMB turbo 3-26/3200 / A /, year 2001 Coolant used in the machine: oil. Cpedevivyaepfx Ac Nju Extinguishing system Kraft & Bauer estimated hours: 50.000h "machine on" and 30.000h "spindle on" *

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2012, Technical details: turning diameter over bed: 20 mm spindle passage: 3-20 mm turning length: 250 mm control: FANUC 31 i-A main-spindle speed: 10.000 1/min subspindle speed: 10.000 1/min Main spindle capacity: 3,7 kW subspindle power: 2,2 kW number of tools: 35 weight of the machine ca.: 3,3 t dimensions of the machine ca.: 2,11 x 1,2 x 1,89 m CNC sliding headstock turning/milling centre with B-axis Control system: Fanuc 31i-A Machining length: max. 250 mm Number of controlled axes: 7 axes and max. 5 axes simultaneously B-axis: 0°-130° freely programmable Rod passage: Ø 3 mm to max. Ø 20 mm Drive power main spindle: 3.7 kW Drive power counter spindle: 2.2 kW Main spindle speed: 10,000 rpm Counter spindle speed: 10,000 rpm C-axis: Main and counter spindle Number of linear supports: 2 pieces Cedsvivx Nepfx Ac Nopu Total number of tools: 35 pieces Dimensions (LxWxH) in mm: 2,110×1,200×1,885 Weight: 3,300 kg Conversion from long to short turning Deep hole drilling stations NAKANISHI high-speed spindle Rear slide with Y-axis Cross drilling rear side Chip conveyor Fire extinguishing system FMB bar loader Minimag 20, year 2012 Approx. 7.200 working hours *

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2001, Technical details: spindle passage: 25 mm Article: CNC sliding headstock automatic lathe Manufacturer: Tornos Type: Deco 2000/20 Year of construction: 2001 Control: Fanuc spindle diameter: D25 mm max. speed: 7000 rpm comb: 2 (X,Z,Y-axis) Front attachment: 1 (X,Z,S-axis) Loading magazine: Tornos Robobar SSF Chip conveyor: Hinged belt conveyor other: various accessories such as polygonal impact device, HF spindle Please, contact us for getting more information and pictures on mail(at) or Csdpfx Aetwglaoc Nopu *

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2017, operating hours: 21,752 h, functionality: fully functional, turning length: 100 mm, spindle speed (max.): 6,000 rpm, spindle speed (min.): 50 rpm, turning diameter: 42 mm, overall weight: 3,000 kg, Max. work length: 100 mm Max. machining diameter of bar work SP1: 42 mm Max. machining diameter of bar work SP2: 34 mm Turret slide stroke X1 axis: 140 mm Z1 axis: 235 mm Z2 axis: 310 mm Number of spindles: 2 Spindle speed range SP1: 60-6,000 rpm Spindle speed range SP2: 50-5,000 rpm Tool spindle speed range: 50-5,000 rpm Number of driven tools: max. 8 Spindle drive SP1: 11/7.5 kW Spindle drive SP2: 5.5/3.7 kW Power supply capacity: 28 kVA Fuse: 81A Bar feeder: SN542-3.2 m Quick tech Year of manufacture: 2017 Serial no.: 1438 Cjdpsx Ig Ikefx Ac Njpu

Condition: not inspected (used), functionality: fully functional, spindle bore: 65 mm, turning diameter: 500 mm, power: 10 kW (13.60 HP), manufacturer: Tool Factory Budapest type: EU500/1500 turning length: 1500mm turning diameter: "over bed": 500 mm above cross slide: 315 mm revolution: 18 degrees. speed range: 25-1250 rpm main spindle hole: 65mm Cpedpfxeqwlmqs Ac Nju spindle bore: 63mm tip holder insert sleeve cone: 72 metric lathe tip taper: morse 5. main engine power: 10kw mains voltage 3 phases 380V 50Hz machine length: 3400mm total width of the machine: 1210mm height: 1265 mm machine weight: 3550 kg

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2018, Control Fanuc 32I-B, bar capacity 32mm, maximum cutting diameter 32mm, maximum cutting length 310mm, maximum drilling diameter 13mm, maximum tapping capacity M12, milling speed 5,000rpm, spindle speed 7,000rpm, Sub spindle C axis 0.001 degree, FMB Turbo 3-36/3200 barfeed, number of controlled axis Z, ZB, X, XB, C1, C2, Y. swarf conveyor, Csdpfxew Rct He Ac Nepu

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2018, Maximum workpiece diameter 285mm, maximum workpiece length 280mm, Bar capacity 38mm, X axis stroke 480mm, Codewb A Hcepfx Ac Njpu Z axis stroke 285mm, spindle speed 6,000 rpm, power 5.5Kw, swarf conveyor.

Year of construction: 1961, condition: ready for operation (used), Faceplate diameter: 1255mm, with complete documentation, without accessories. The machine is slightly worn and shows signs of use, the side support is missing, one spindle nut is defective, the gears and bearings of the table have been recently overhauled, and the machine has been serviced internally and externally. Viewing on site is possible. Cjdpfx Asx Hhx Uec Nepu

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), SHOWROOM MACHINE For sale is an as-new Drechselmeister Stratos FU 230 woodturning lathe with a center distance of 680 mm and a 2 HP motor. The showroom model is in its original condition, so you receive the full warranty. Technical Specifications - Center height: 230 mm - Swing diameter: 455 mm (up to 800 mm with optional outboard turning attachment!) - Center distance: approx. 680 mm (extendable!) - Spindle mount: M33 x 3.5 (hardened) with ASR (Euro) safety groove* - Spindle and tailstock taper: MK2 (Morse taper 2) - Speeds (2 belt settings): 60–1,350 rpm and 180–3,750 rpm - Quill travel: 100 mm (with scale and trapezoidal thread) - Motor: 2 HP (230 V connection) - Weight: 178 kg The machine is located in A-5431 Kuchl and can be inspected during our business hours at any time. Subject to prior sale! Cjdpfx Ajtppr Uoc Nspu Shipping by freight carrier: Austria: €95.00 incl. VAT Germany: €120.00 incl. VAT South Tyrol: €140.00 incl. VAT If you are interested in this machine, please provide your complete address details in the contact form so we can process your inquiry professionally! Thank you, your NEUREITER Team Related terms: woodturning machine, lathe, turning lathe, wood lathe, woodturning, turning tool, wood turning, turning, machine Reference: R-A0117

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2008, functionality: fully functional, TECHNICAL DATA MACHINE SPECIFICATION WORKING RANGE • Max chuck diameter. 260 mm • Max swing diameter. 260 mm • Max machining diameter. 220 mm • Max part length. 110 mm • Travel X axis. 570 mm • Working stroke Z axis. 250 mm • Travel Z axis. 200 mm CLOSED STANDARD AUTOMATION • Number of carrier frames for workpiece diameter 80 to 220 mm. 14 pieces • Number of carrier frames for workpiece diameter 30 to 160 mm. 18 pieces • Number of carrier frames for workpiece diameter 30 to 85 mm. 30 pieces • Max total load. 120 kg PICK UP SWITCH POINTS • Pressed. 1 mm • Over pressed. emergency stop. 5 mm • Pickup spring travel max. 30 mm CHAIN SYSTEM • Chain length. 182 inches • Chain pitch. 1 inch (25.4 mm) • Chain tension at 20 carrier frames. 400 N • Chain wheel. Z equals 30 • Gear ratio. i equals 100 • Motor revolution per belt revolution. 540 LOADING TIME • Loading time. 2 to 4 seconds MAIN SPINDLE • Spindle flange according to DIN 55026. Size 6 • Spindle bearing front diameter. 110 mm • Max spindle speed. 4500 rpm (5500 optional) MAIN DRIVE. AC ASYNCHRONOUS MOTOR. TYPE 1MB241H • Power at 100 percent duty cycle. 18 kW • Power at 40 percent duty cycle. 27 kW • Torque at 100 percent duty cycle. 202 Nm • Torque at 40 percent duty cycle. 303 Nm • Corner speed. 850 rpm FEED DRIVE • Rapid feed speed X axis. 60 m per minute • Rapid feed speed Z axis. 30 m per minute • Feed force X and Z. 5.5 kN • Ball screw diameter X and Z. 40 mm • Acceleration. 5 m per second squared TOOL CARRIER • Cylindrical tool shank mount according to DIN 69880. twelve positions • Shank diameter. 40 mm • Max tool length including holder. 190 mm • Max swing diameter. 740 mm TOOL CARRIER WITH DRIVEN TOOLS • Cylindrical tool shank mount according to DIN 69880. twelve positions • Shank diameter. 40 mm • Max speed. 6000 rpm • Corner speed. 3000 rpm • Max torque at 10 percent duty cycle. 45 Nm • Max torque at 40 percent duty cycle. 30 Nm • Max torque at 100 percent duty cycle. 15 Nm ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT • Operating voltage. 400 to 480 V • Control voltage DC. 24 V • Control voltage AC. 230 V • Frequency. 50 or 60 Hz • Connected load. 42 kW • Supply fuse rating. 63 A • Electrical design standard. VDE 0113 DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHT • Length. 2680 mm • Length including chip conveyor. 3820 mm • Width. 2040 mm • Height. 2400 mm • Machine weight. approx 6500 kg NOISE EMISSION • According to DIN 45635. Csdpjx Elf Asfx Ac Njpu • Measured sound pressure level. 78 dB(A) during continuous cutting on a cylindrical test part.

Condition: used, TRAK / XYZ SLX 355 is a CNC turning lathe of high precision, engineered for superior accuracy and reliability. It features 2 axes, centre height 360 mm, distance between centres 1000 mm and centre height over slide 225 mm; spindle hole 52 mm; Z travel 1000 mm and X travel 190 mm. Rapid traverse Z 4 m/min, X 3 m/min; spindle speeds 50–1410 and 100–4000 rpm. Spindle nose D1-6 Camlock and Morse taper MK4. Delivers tight tolerances; suitable for automotive, aerospace, medical, watchmaking and machine tool applications. Cedpfxsxx U Dxj Ac Nopu

Condition: not inspected (used), Year of construction: 1989, We are offering the following as part of an insolvency sale: 2 x CNC lathes (1 x with sub-spindle, 1 x with lower turret), used + Bar feeder + Accessories 1. CNC lathe with sub-spindle Make: MIYANO Model: BNC 34-S Year: 1989 Control: Fanuc 0-T - HYDROBAR bar feeder - 2 x collet chucks - 1 x 3-jaw chuck 2. CNC lathe with 2 x turrets Make: MIYANO Model: JNC 45-T Year: 1989 Control: Fanuc 0-T - HYDROBAR bar feeder - 1 x collet chuck - 1 x 3-jaw chuck 3. Accessories - Approx. 65 x collets Cpjdpfxox Ed A Dj Ac Nsu - Approx. 40 x jaw sets - Various tool holders + tools - Documentation The machines are untested, but they were in operation until decommissioning. Sale is ex-location; loading can be provided at extra cost.

Condition: used, Hydraulic Copying Device SAUTER Type KMC 8001 Copy turning attachment, copying device for lathes The copying device comes from a lathe. Connections for oil supply and oil return Cpsdpfx Acsxxmf Ie Nsu Copy stroke: approx. 140 mm Radial travel at 60° mounting: 120 mm Required operating pressure: approx. 25 bar Oil flow rate: max. 7 liters/min. Lathe drive power: max. approx. 15 kW Chip cross-section: max. 3.5 mm² Copying slide stroke: approx. 125 mm Distance from turning tool to tracer: 800 mm Net weight of copying device: 120 kg Good condition The matching hydraulic power unit and holders for the pattern parts can be found on our website under the search term 'Sauter'.

Condition: used, HANWHA XP12 SWISS TYPE TURNING LATHE MAKE HANWHA-HANEX, MADE IN KOREA MODEL XP 12 YEAR 1996 CONTROL FANUC OT-C MAX MACHINING LENGTH 140.0 mm MAX HOLE DIA 6.0 mm SPINDLE HOLE DIA 14.0 mm SPINDLE RANGE 100 – 10,000 RPM SPINDLE MOTOR 1.5/2.2 kW TOOL NUMBERS 5+3 TOOLS RAPID FEEDRATE X AXIS: 15m/min Y AXIS: 15m/min Z AXIS: 15m/min MACHINE DIMS 1150 x 830 x 1540 mm MACHINE WEIGHT 900 KGS PLUS Codpfswidymox Ac Nopu 3000.0 mm FULL LENGTH MAGAZINE BARFEED TOOL HOLDERS COLLETS SET OF MANUALS COMPLETE

Condition: good (used), Vertical Turning Lathe SC33 CNC Manufacturer: TITAN (Romania) YOM: 1986 Complete revision of the machine in 2005 Main technical data: CNC Siemens 802D Faceplate diameter: 3000mm Max. turning diameter: 3300mm Max. working height: 3000mm Max. workpiece weight: 18000kg Table speed range: 1.02-92 RPM Working feed range: 0.05-5 mm/rev. Main motor power: 55 kW Overall dimensions: 5600 x 5300 x 5400 mm Weight: 47350 kg Csdpfx Acjw Eplae Nopu The machine is under power.

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, functionality: fully functional, center height: 180 mm, turning diameter over cross slide: 212 mm, spindle bore: 52 mm, turning length: 1,000 mm, quill stroke: 152 mm, quill diameter: 52 mm, turning diameter: 360 mm, spindle nose: ASA D1-6, spindle speed (max.): 2,500 rpm, spindle speed (min.): 20 rpm, overall weight: 1,470 kg, Equipment: rotational speed infinitely variable, The SUN MASTER RML-1440V is a high-speed precision universal engine lathe designed for accurate turning, threading and general metalworking. It features a rigid cast-iron bed, hardened and ground ways, a powerful variable-speed spindle with two-range gear head (20–400 / 400–2500 RPM), and a D1-6 spindle nose. The lathe includes a full quick-change gearbox, power feeds for both carriage and cross-slide, a 4-way tool post, tailstock with MT4 quill, foot brake, constant-surface-speed (CSS) function, coolant system and an integrated lubrication system. The RML-1440V provides stable performance, precise control, and versatility for both production and workshop applications. The lathe is locate in our warehouse and ready for shipment and any time. Cpedexyh Nqspfx Ac Nsu

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2022, functionality: fully functional, TAKAMAZ CNC Compact loader FC60 Lathe with automatic loader unloader quickest loading system in the world loading time new part 2,8 sec. loading cap. till 60 mm diameter. loading lenght max 50 mm max weight 1 kg per side loading feed 120 m min include part turning for loading Fanuc Control full warranty 2 year Lathe spec. Spindle motor 7,5/5,5 kw turning diameter max 180 mm turning lenght 240 mm bar cap. 35 mm collet chuck 173E till 40 mm diameter spindle nose A2-5 spindle speed 4500 rpm tool pos 8 stations tool shank 20x20 mm boring holder 25 mm diameter rapid speed X/Z 18/24 meter machine dimension 1,36 x 1,37 meter height 1,7 meter Cpodpfx Ajm E I D Hoc Nsu weight 2,7 ton total power 14 KVA installation and training not included. ( price depend on loacation and on request)

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2008, turning length: 300 mm, spindle speed (max.): 8,000 rpm, spindle speed (min.): 8,000 rpm, turning diameter: 32 mm, Machine in production. Equipped with: - Knoll high pressure pumps up to 60 bars - Collant cooling device - swarf coveyour Cpsdpfx Acsxwmids Nou - FMB bar feeder - live tools - 2x C axis We can load machine on your truck free of charge.

Condition: reconditioned (used), functionality: fully functional, Equipment: rotational speed infinitely variable, A used Benzinger precision hand lathe. Universal application with a Röhm 4-jaw chuck. The machine is partially overhauled and fully functional. Equipped with a Röhm 4-jaw chuck 2 hand lever slides with Multifix universal tool holder Kobold motor 0.55 kW, 1400 rpm with stepless speed control. The following work has been carried out: - New spindle axial bearing - New V-belt - Machine bed hand-scraped - New capillary lubrication - Motor overhauled Csdpfx Acjwp Ddxo Nepu - All dovetail guides ground and hand-scraped - All guides adjusted free of play - New graduated drums and leadscrews - Cross-slide completely overhauled - Cross-slides with Multifix completely overhauled

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2019, operating hours: 15,551 h, functionality: fully functional, controller manufacturer: Siemens, controller model: SINUMERIK 840D sl, General Year of manufacture: 2019 Operating hours: 15,551 Control: SINUMERIK 840D sl Maximum workpiece dimensions Workpiece length up to 600 mm Maximum cutting circle mm 200 Stroke over center mm 100 Maximum clamping diameter mm 110 Tip diameter mm 30 – 60 Working area Longitudinal stroke Z-axis mm 705 Longitudinal stroke Z-/W-axis mm 705 / 705 Cross stroke X-axis mm 180 Cross stroke X-/U-axis mm 180 / 180 Steady Z3-axis depends on the chuck Workpiece C21-/C22-axis degrees 360 Tool Outer diameter mm 700 Tool holder Short cone according to DIN 55026: Size: 8 Cpjdpfx Aewgm Hkec Nju Theoretical diameter of cone mm: 139,735 Tool drum bearing diameter in the front bearing: 160 mm Chuck mount: 180 mm Chuck diameter up to 260 mm Workpiece spindle bearing diameter in the front bearing: 170 mm Guidance system for machining units: Rolling guides with rollers, size 55 Spindle Maximum power at 100% load: 24 kW Spindle speed: 0-2000

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2022, functionality: fully functional, CLASSROOM MACHINE For sale is a Drechselmeister Twister FU 200 wood lathe with a distance between centers of 715 mm. The machine is in very good condition. Cpodpfx Aowudkijc Neu Technical Specifications - Center height: 200 mm - Swing over bed: 395 mm (700 mm with optional outboard turning attachment) - Distance between centers: approx. 715 mm (optionally extendable) - Spindle thread: M33 x 3.5 with ASR (Euro) safety groove* - Spindle and tailstock taper: MK2 - Speed ranges (2 belt stages): 60 – 1,350 rpm and 180 – 3,750 rpm - Quill travel: 100 mm (trapezoidal thread), prepared for ER-25 drilling quill - Motor: 2 HP (connection 230 V) - 2-stage emergency stop switch - Weight, stand version: 166 kg The machine is located in A-5431 Kuchl and can be inspected during our business hours at any time. Subject to prior sale! Shipping by freight: Austria: €95.00 incl. VAT Germany: €120.00 incl. VAT South Tyrol: €140.00 incl. VAT Related terms: wood lathe, lathe, turning machine, woodworking lathe, woodturning, turning tools, woodturning, machine Reference: R-A0117

Condition: used, Make: Schiess Control: Conventional Location: Germany Major overhauls: 2009 new electric with new AC main motor, 2022 overhaul of the gearbox. Condition: under power, in good condition Chuck Ø: 9500 mm Swing Ø: 10500 mm Cpsdsxpd Emopfx Ac Nou Max. Workpiece Weight: 150 T Max. Working Height: 4500 mm Ram Vertical Travel: 2250 mm Chuck Speed: up to 7.35 rpm Machine Weight: aprox. 400 T Left ram is currently dismantled but will be supplied together with the machine.

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, turning diameter over cross slide: 250 mm, turning length: 730 mm, turning diameter: 500 mm, spindle speed (max.): 1,800 rpm, CNC lathe machine CK 6150 with flat bed We offer a new CNC lathe machine model CK6150. We use this machine in our production and you can see it in operation before ordering. The CK 6150 lathe has a flat bed and hardening guides, which ensures a long period of operation of the equipment. The machine is equipped with a CNC system, the GSK CNC system is installed as standard. Optionally, the machine can be equipped with a Fanuc or Siemens CNC system. The machine can have a tool holder for 4-6 or 8 tools, depending on the customer's wishes. It is possible to install a hydraulic chuck on the machine, which will greatly simplify the process of installing parts on it and a hydraulic tailstock. The CK 6150 lathe can be equipped with additional supporting frame for more accurate manufacturing of long parts. Technical specifications: Model CK 6150 x 1000 Maximum workpiece diameter over bed 500 mm Maximum workpiece diameter over support 250 mm Cjdpexdmgvjfx Ac Nepu Maximum workpiece length 1000 mm Maximum turning length 730 mm Spindle bore diameter 82 mm Spindle speed 150-1800 rpm Engine power 7.5 kW Mechanical chuck (hydraulic optional) Chuck size 250 mm. 4-position tool holder (6 or 8 optional) Maximum tool size for tool holder 25x25 mm Machine weight 2700 kg Machine dimensions 2650×1700×1820 mm We can also supply lathes CK 6140, CK 6150 and CK 6160 with other dimensions of the working part: CK 6140 dimensions of the working part 550/750 mm CK 6150 dimensions of the working part 1000/1500/2000 mm CK 6160 dimensions of the working part 1000/1500/2000 mm CK 6152E dimensions of the working part 1000/1500/2000/3000 mm CK 6165E dimensions of the working part 1000/1500/2000/3000 mm CK 6165E dimensions of the working part 1000/1500/2000/3000 mm CK 6185E dimensions of the working part 1000/1500/2000/3000/4000 mm CK 61100E dimensions of the working part 1000/1500/2000/3000 mm CK 61125E dimensions of the working part 1000/1500/2000/3000 mm

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2000, max. working diameter 20 mm max. working lenght 320 mm passage of spindle 24 mm Spindle speed 200 - 10.000 min -1 control MITSUBISHI Turning Automatic Lathe - swiss lathe | CITIZEN - M-20 equipped with bar feeder. The machine is in very good condition. Please refer to further technical details in the attachement of the offer. Cedpfxjvnwfzj Ac Nepu - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #Tags: M20 | M 20