Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, -TFON Edge Rounding & Surface Processing System. Designed for superior versatility and precision, this system is engineered to process mild steel, aluminum, and stainless steel materials with thicknesses from 0 to 120 mm. It offers advanced edge rounding and surface cleaning capabilities tailored to demanding industrial applications -Material Compatibility -Mild Steel, Aluminum, Stainless Steel -Working Thickness Range -0 – 120 mm Edge Rounding: Radius 2 edge rounding for smooth, safe edges that enhance both aesthetics and functionality Precision Control: Integrated Siemens automation system delivers accurate, consistent control throughout processing. Independent Processing Stations: Multiple stations allow simultaneous or sequential processing, offering flexible workflow configurations. Table Size Options: Available with 650 mm, 1000 mm, or 1300 mm working widths to suit diverse production requirements. Table Types: Magnetic, vacuum, or magnetic-vacuum tables provide secure, adaptable support for various materials and part sizes. Plasma & Oxygen Technology: Advanced plasma and oxygen systems efficiently remove heavy burrs and dross after cutting, ensuring cleaner surfaces. Surface Purification: Effectively eliminates dirt, rust, oxide, and scale, preparing parts for subsequent processing such as welding or coating Edge Rounding for Coating: Produces uniform, defect-free edges ideal for painting and coating applications. Industry Applications: Steel Service Centers, Energy, Mining, Construction, Automotive — engineered for heavy-duty, high-performance use. Uniform Edge Results: 8 flap wheels work together to deliver consistent radius edges on every part. Godpfxsi E Tkae Afisuh Pneumatic Oscillation System: Extends abrasive band life and maintains consistent performance by reducing wear through pneumatic oscillation. Engineered for industrial precision. Built for durability. Designed for versatile applications. TFON – Excellence in Edge Processing and Surface Preparation.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2007, total height: 2,320 mm, working width: 330 mm, overall weight: 5,500 kg, power: 7 kW (9.52 HP), space requirement width: 1,806 mm, space requirement length: 4,510 mm, controller manufacturer: SIEMENS, controller model: S7 300, CONTROLS .. CNC controls SIEMENS S7 300 SPECIFICATIONS THROUGH FEED GRINDING MACHINE .. Working width: 330 mm .. number of brushing station: 3 .. demagnetizer: yes TRANSPORTATION BELT .. speed min.: 1.4 m/min .. speed max.: 14 m/min .. demagnetizer: yes .. coolant unit: yes ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS .. total power consumption: 7 kW DIMENSIONS / WEIGHTS .. space requirements -left/right-: 4510 mm .. space requirements -front/back-: 1806 mm .. total height: 2320 mm .. total weight approx.: 5500 kg Equipment: 3 brushing units: each with 5 satellites (3.2 kW per unit) -Head rotation: 80-200 rpm Guedpfx Afoxm Rzpjijh -Brush rotation: 800-3000 rpm 1 spray and blow-off system 1 conveyor belt: both belt and sanding belt possible 4 magnetic plates Special feature: Demagnetization and blow-off station at the belt outlet

Condition: good (used), functionality: fully functional, 1st station: deburring of sheet metal edges, 2nd station: deburring of notches and outer radii, with VA brushes; maximum sheet thickness: 5 mm Gujdpfx Aexmi Sasfijh

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), Year of construction: 2023, functionality: fully functional, nominal power: 7.5 kW (10.20 HP), Used wet demonstration extraction system from Ulmatec with 7.5 kW power. Equipped with HEPA filter and ATEX certification for extracting aluminium and steel/stainless steel. Gusdpfoxnnqkjx Afijh

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), Year of construction: 2024, working width: 200 mm, 2024 Deburring and finishing machine F200 XLDS with magnetic support. Suitable for deburring, rounding, deslagging and/or grinding of steel cut parts up to 200 mm wide. This is concerning a F200 XLDS 4-station machine. Type TS, with touch screen. Compared to the standard F200 XL, this machine is equipped with a deslagging roller for removing slag from plasma cut products. The F200 XL deburring machine is the finishing specialist for small workpieces. Suitable for flat ferrous/magentic sheet metal parts between 15 and 200 mm wide. Deburring, slag removal, grinding and edge rounding at high speed. This deburring machine has a deslagging roller ('deslagging hammer') as the first station. The second station is a grinding belt followed by two stationary disc brushes, one rotating clockwise (CW) and the other counterclockwise (CCW). Compared to other deburring machines, the F200 DS has a very high processing speed while being able to achieve more edge rounding. Gsdshnc E Ajpfx Afisuh The machine comes standard with a freely adjustable speed for the conveyor belt and the grinding and/or brush head(s), making it possible to perform every conceivable operation and achieve every conceivable result. You determine the desired finish. Simple operation via the HMI touch screen on the front. The magnetic system ensures effective fixation of the products to be machined on the transport table, allowing even small workpieces (from 15 x 15 mm) to be machined safely, quickly and without problems. It is not for nothing that we at Q-Fin are convinced by a narrow machine for small workpieces and a wider machine for large workpieces. In many cases, the throughput of this machine is 5 times higher than comparable machines. Take the test for yourself and make an appointment. We can now offer you this F200 DS - MAG showroom machine built year 2023 possibly in combination with a WES3000 wet working extractor and associated pipe work. Only available until sold. Machine comes with 1 year warranty excl. wear parts. Delivery ex works Bergeijk. If wanted we can also offer the machine including transport, installation and training of your operators on site. The machine is on display in our showroom in Germany. This is the very last F200 XLDS -MAG machine! Please contact us and we will send you an attractive offer.

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, ZGE60 - 60Lt Vibratory Sieving Machine Godpfx Aow Hpfvsfieuh * Changeable sieving system * 0.34 kW vibratory motor * Start/Stop thermal switch It is used to automatically separate abrasive/polishing stones and material from each other after the deburring and/or polishing process in vibratory machines that do not have a sieving system.

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, -TFON Edge Rounding Machine Specifications: Material Compatibility: Steel, Aluminum, Stainless Steel. Process: Edge Rounding. Material Thickness: 0 – 120 mm Maximum Material Width: 1,000 mm. Minimum Part Dimensions: 50 × 50 mm. Maximum Material Weight: 500 kg. Gusdpfxeui Ih Ro Afish Conveyor Speed: 0.6 – 4.0 m/min Machine Weight: 3.000 kg

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2010, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 630056, overall weight: 5,200 kg, input current: 95 A, ERNST Neptun EBB 1500 is a deburring machine designed for sheet metal processing, used for cleaning and rounding the edges of parts cut by laser, punching, or flame cutting. This machine enables alternating processing of various materials such as steel sheets, aluminum, galvanized steel, or materials with protective film, thanks to its flexible deburring roller and brush set. Key features of the ERNST Neptun EBB 1500: • Versatility: Processes parts made from different materials without the need for constant abrasive changes. • Functionality: Uses a flexible deburring roller and a set of brushes (steel or flap brushes) for deburring or edge rounding. Gusdpfx Afjxmhxxoieh • Precision: Allows for the achievement of an identical and uniform radius on all edges. • Ideal solution for: Companies working with diverse materials where edge processing after cutting is required.

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2012, General Data Measurements width 1400 mm Measurements depth 2600 mm Guodexirgfopfx Afijh Measurements height 1800 mm Machine weight 2000 kg Additional Equipment Aperture Width: 1000 mm Material Throughput: Automatic Adjustment Medium: Electrical brush block This LISSMAC SBM-M 1000 B2 deburring machine was manufactured in 2012. It features an automatic material throughput with an aperture width of 1000 mm and can handle sheet thicknesses up to 20 mm. The machine is equipped with a powerful brushing motor and offers an infinitely variable feed adjustment. Weighing 2000 kg, it's designed for robust and precise deburring operations. If you are looking to get high-quality deburring capabilities consider the LISSMAC SBM-M 1000 B2 machine we have for sale. Contact us for more information. Application Types Grinding

Condition: used, Technical details: Weight: ca. 80 kg Guedewiu Smjpfx Afieh dimension machine xH: ca. 077 x 0,45 x 0,5 m BRUSH MACHINE *

Condition: excellent (used), Timesavers Series 42 WRB Gsdpfx Aoxl A D Tjfiouh Machine technically overhauled, operates flawlessly. 1st station: Grinding unit for removing pronounced burrs and splatter; surface finishing with Scotch band is also possible. 2nd RB brush unit, 8 deburring rollers for all-around, uniform edge rounding. Working width of 1350mm. Vacuum conveyor belt Conveyor belt speed infinitely adjustable via potentiometer Brush speed infinitely adjustable via potentiometer Part thickness from 0.8 to 100mm Additionally included: dry dust collector Machine available from mid-November. For further questions, feel free to contact us directly.

Condition: new, diameter -- mm workpiece length -- mm work piece width 0 - 20 mm speeds 2850 U/min range of angles 0 - 60 (stufenlos) ° weight of the machine ca. 19,5 kg Maximum chamfer width 20 mm + face machining Designed for chamfering and deburring straight edges, for the so-called FACING - removing an unwanted layer of material on the Front side of the workpiece, which is created, for example, by flame cutting a sheet metal. Specially developed for the production of visible chamfers and weld preparations. Powerful electric drive for extreme Charges. * High performance motor * stepless adjustment of the working angle in the range of 0° - 60° * FACING - Edge processing at an angle of 0° to remove unwanted ones Layers of material after flame cutting Guodpfxoppgcvo Afijh * The unique mechanical scale to adjust the bevel width for higher precision * A very compact and ergonomic design for high work productivity * Circumferential protective frame against damage and versatile grip options * With the appropriate accessories, pipes from D= 150 mm can also be processed * Additional adjustable handle - Chamfer width (hypotenuse): 0 - 20 mm = 400 Mpa / 0 - 16 mm = 400 Mpa - Motor: 1100W

Condition: refurbished (used), Year of construction: 2022, -Pre-owned Surfacer Series TFON RB-2510 Gsdjiih Aajpfx Afisuh -This TFON RB-2510 is a reliable, well-maintained pre-owned machine, ready for immediate use. -Previously utilized exclusively in our inhouse production for deburring and edge rounding applications, this unit remains in excellent working condition and is fully operational. It has proven its reliability and durability, making it a strong choice for long-term use in your production line

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2010, This TIMESAVERS 42-serie-1350-RB was manufactured in 2010. It features a working width of 1350mm and is equipped with rotary brushes, a vacuum table, and a wet extraction unit. If you are looking to get high-quality deburring capabilities, consider the TIMESAVERS 42-serie-1350-RB machine we have for sale. Contact us for more information. Gsdpexiriyjfx Afiouh Application Types Other Sheet Metal Machinery

Condition: new, diameter -- mm workpiece length -- mm work piece width 18 mm range of angles 15° - 50° ° weight of the machine ca. 110 kg Chamfering system UZ18 HARDWORKER Maximum bevel width 18 mm with automatic feed The UZ18 Hardworker machine is one of the most powerful automatic feed beveling machines on the market. It is not only suitable for workshops, but also for on- site assembly. The machine has a stepless working angle adjustment system. Thanks to the special design of the drive system, the UZ18 Hardworker is also suitable for harder materials. The machine is equipped with the automatic feed. Working with UZ18 Hardworker is therefore very convenient. Guodjk Egrtepfx Afioh *For conventional steel (up to 600 MPA/87022 PSI strength), brass, copper and aluminum materials * For chamfering workpieces with the minimum dimensions of 70 x 150 x 6 mm * Application range of sheet thickness 6 - 40 mm * The bevel angle can be easily adjusted continuously from 15° to 50° without replacing any part * Double-sided bevel (X, K) with no material handling * Easy connection to 3D manipulator for easier operation and handling * Silent working * Equipped with automatic feeder * Stationary or mobile use * The machine works with large workpieces without any support at a speed of 1.9 m/min * Smaller workpieces are placed directly in the machine - Max. bevel width (hypotenuse): 18 mm - Infinitely adjustable angle: 15° - 50° - Area of application sheet thickness: 6 - 40 mm - Motor: 750W - Feed speed: 1.9 m/min - Weight: 110kg - Dimension: 438 x 719 x 644 mm We are happy to offer you an optional 3D manipulator (mobile) for this device on

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, -TFON Edge Rounding & Surface Purification System -Material Compatibility Mild Steel, Aluminum, and Stainless Steel. -Working Thickness Range: Accommodates material thicknesses from 0 to 120 mm. -Edge Rounding Provides Radius 2 edge rounding for smooth, safe edges that enhance both the appearance and functionality of the workpiece. -Precision Control: Equipped with a Siemens automation system for accurate and consistent control throughout the entire process. Independent Stations: Multiple processing stations enable versatile operations, allowing different tasks to be performed simultaneously or sequentially Table Options: Available working table sizes of 650 mm, 1000 mm, or 1300 mm to meet specific production requirements Table Types: Flexible configurations including magnetic, vacuum, or magnetic-vacuum tables ensure secure support for various materials and part sizes. Plasma and Oxygen Technology: Utilizes advanced plasma and oxygen technology to effectively remove heavy burrs and dross after cutting, delivering cleaner and smoother surfaces Surface Purification: Efficiently removes surface contaminants such as rust, oxide, and scale, preparing parts for further processing Edge Rounding for Coating: Prepares parts perfectly for painting and coating by ensuring a uniform, imperfection-free surface Industry Applications: Ideal for Steel Service Centers, Energy, Mining, Construction, and Automotive sectors, offering tailored solutions for heavy-duty applications. Godohq A T Ujpfx Afieuh Uniform Results: Six flap wheels operate in unison to provide consistent, equal radius edges on every part. Pneumatic Oscillation System: Extends the lifespan of emery bands by minimizing wear and maintaining consistent performance over time.

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2005, General Data Measurements width 90mm Measurements depth 97mm Gsdpfx Aoxirmxefisuh Measurements height 180mm This TIMESAVERS 11-serie-225-W deburring machine was manufactured in 2005. It features a grinding belt and conveyor belt both sized at 230x1525mm, with a working width of 225mm and a distance between the rolls of 125mm. Ideal for precise deburring tasks, the TIMESAVERS 11-serie-225-W machine we have for sale is a robust addition to any workshop. Contact us for more information. Application Types Other Sheet Metal Machinery

Condition: new, diameter -- mm work piece width -- mm workpiece length -- mm Chamfering system UZ12 ULTRALIGHT - KIT 30° + 45° Maximum bevel width 12 mm with automatic feed The UZ12 ULTRALIGHT is one of the lightest automatic beveling machines advance in the market. Thanks to its compact size and light weight it is not only suitable for workshops, but also for assemblies. The Machine is equipped with the automatic feed and therefore does this Working with the UZ12 ULTRALIGHT very comfortably. * For conventional steel (up to 600 MPA/87022 PSI strength), Brass, copper and aluminum materials * For chamfering workpieces with the minimum dimensions of 65 x 60 x 3 mm * Application range of sheet thickness 3 - 35 mm * Beveling of pipes from an inner diameter of 95 mm * Variable setting of the desired bevel using an exchangeable holder kit for any given angle * Double-sided bevel (X, K) with no material handling * Silent working * Equipped with an automatic feed Gujdpfor I E Exex Afijh * Stationary or mobile use * The machine works with large workpieces without any support a speed of 1.8m/min * Smaller workpieces are placed directly in the machine * Lightweight and compact design, handleable by one operator * Motor thermal protection - Max. bevel width (hypotenuse): 12 mm - Bevel angle: 30° / 45° / 22.5° / 37.5° / 50° (replaceable KIT) - Area of application sheet thickness: 3 - 35 mm - Motor: 400W - Feed speed: 1.8 m/min - Dimension: 470 x 294 x 523 mm We can also offer you an optional 3D manipulator (mobile) for this device on

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, -TFON Precision Edge Rounding & Finishing System. -Designed for superior surface finishing and edge rounding across a wide range of materials and industries, the TFON system combines advanced automation with versatile configurations to meet your exact production needs -Material Compatibility: Suitable for aluminium, stainless steel, and mild steel applications. -Wide Thickness Range: Efficiently processes materials from 0 to 120 mm thick. -Finishing Excellence: Engineered to deliver high-quality surface finishes that enhance product aesthetics and functionality. Industrial Versatility: Ideal for medical devices, commercial kitchen equipment, automotive parts, and metal accessories industries Gjdpohq A Txefx Afisuh Edge Rounding Precision: Provides precise Radius 2 edge rounding, improving safety and enhancing the final product appearance. Advanced Automation: Integrated Siemens control system ensures enhanced precision and operational reliability. Independent Processing Stations: Enable flexible, efficient multi-stage processing tailored to complex workfl Multiple Table Width Options: Available with table widths of 650 mm, 1000 mm, or 1300 mm to accommodate diverse production requirements. Customisable Conveyor Options: Choose from vacuum, semi-magnetic, or semi-vacuum conveyor systems for safe and secure part handling. Surface Cleaning: Effectively removes rust, oxides, and surface contaminants to prepare parts for downstream processing Improved Operator Safety: Edge rounding station minimizes risks of cuts and injuries from sharp edges. High-Performance Finishing: Equipped with Scotch abrasive technology to deliver smooth, even finishes. Extended Abrasive Life: Pneumatic oscillation system maximizes abrasive band and Scotch abrasive longevity, reducing downtime Consistent Radius Output : Six flap wheels ensure uniform edge radii on every part for consistent quality. Engineered for performance. Designed for safety. Built for industrial versatility TFON – Surface perfection, every time.

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2014, General Data Measurements width 1400 Measurements depth 3100 Measurements height 1800 Machine weight 2300 Main Drive Guodpowyydcofx Afish Spindle speed range 1415 Maximum sheet thickness 20 mm This LISSMAC SBM-M 1500 B2 deburring machine was manufactured in 2014. Ideal for efficient deburring applications, it ensures consistent quality and performance. Consider the opportunity to buy this LISSMAC SBM-M 1500 B2 deburring machine. Contact us for more information. Application Types Other Sheet Metal Machinery

Year of construction: 2023, condition: new, working width 1000 mm workpiece width - max. 0,5 - 50 mm sandingbelt width -- mm weight of the machine ca. 2,5 t With the SBM-L 1000 G1S2, which works in the dry process, in alternating operation Steel, stainless steel and aluminum can be machined. She deburrs and rounds the edges on the outer and inner contours of punched, laser, fine plasma or water jet cut workpieces with a thickness of up to 50 mm on both sides in just one operation. * Two sanding units, 1 each on the top and bottom, remove spatter and slight burrs on outside and inside edges of sheet metal. * A total of four sanding belts, 2 each on the top and bottom Underside, process the sheets on both sides at the same time. here All edges are softened or rounded, depending on the tool settings. * Machining on both sides saves time-consuming turning of the workpieces and edit twice. * All pairs of aggregates can be switched on/off separately depending on the application as well as to be set. * Including Siemens S7 control: - Easy and comfortable operation through intuitive user interface - High operating security through 3 password-protected user levels - Integrated program memory - USB / RJ 45 interface for data exchange or connection of external Components (e.g. barcode scanner) - Direct entry of material thickness via touch panel - All axes automatically adjust to preselected material thickness - Standby position for deactivated aggregates Gedpfx Aouia Dqjfisuh - Service-friendly (e.g. plain text error messages) consisting of: - Grinding machine SBM-L 1000 G1S2 (kit) - 4x sanding belts SBM 1000 with bar P60 SiC - Sanding belt SBM-L 1000 L=3125 B=70 P80 Cubitron 2 784F - SBM-L tool wear compensation Siemens S7 - DDE 3002 dry suction - Standard piping DDE 3002 / WDE 3002 for SMD 123, SMD 133 Further detailed technical data on request. The machine is in stock Niederlangen available immediately.

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, -TFON Precision Edge Rounding & Finishing System Designed for superior surface finishing and edge rounding across a wide range of materials and industries, the TFON system combines advanced automation with versatile configurations to meet your exact production needs. -Material Compatibility: Suitable for aluminium, stainless steel, and mild steel applications -Wide Thickness Range: Efficiently processes materials from 0 to 120 mm thick -Finishing Excellence: Engineered to deliver high-quality surface finishes that enhance product aesthetics and functionality. Industrial Versatility: Ideal for medical devices, commercial kitchen equipment, automotive parts, and metal accessories industries Edge Rounding Precision: Provides precise Radius 2 edge rounding, improving safety and enhancing the final product appearance Advanced Automation: Integrated Siemens control system ensures enhanced precision and operational reliability Independent Processing Stations: Enable flexible, efficient multi-stage processing tailored to complex workflows. Multiple Table Width Options: Available with table widths of 650 mm, 1000 mm, or 1300 mm to accommodate diverse production requirements. Customisable Conveyor Options: Choose from vacuum, semi-magnetic, or semi-vacuum conveyor systems for safe and secure part handling. Surface Cleaning: Effectively removes rust, oxides, and surface contaminants to prepare parts for downstream processing. Improved Operator Safety: Edge rounding station minimizes risks of cuts and injuries from sharp edges. High-Performance Finishing: Equipped with Scotch abrasive technology to deliver smooth, even finishes. Extended Abrasive Life: Pneumatic oscillation system maximizes abrasive band and Scotch abrasive longevity, reducing downtime. Consistent Radius Output: Six flap wheels ensure uniform edge radii on every part for consistent quality. Engineered for performance. Designed for safety. Built for industrial versatility. TFON – Surface perfection, every time . Godjhq Dbmjpfx Afisuh

Condition: new, diameter -- mm workpiece length -- mm work piece width 15 mm range of angles 15-50 ° plate thickness 6-40 mm total power requirement 1,5 kW Feed speed 3,5 m/min. dimensions 530 x 395 x 860 mm weight of the machine ca. 94 kg The UZ15 RAPID machine is one of the fastest beveling machines with automatic feed on the market. It is not only suitable for workshops, but also for assembly work. It has a stepless Bevel angle adjustment system. Also, the machine with an automatic feed equipped. Working with the UZ15 Rapid is therefore very convenient. - For conventional steel (up to a strength of 600 MPA/ 87022PSI), brass, copper and aluminum materials - For chamfering workpieces with the minimum dimensions of 70 x 150 x 6 mm - Application range of sheet thickness 6 - 40 mm Gsdjk Uqhajpfx Afisuh - The bevel angle can be easily adjusted from 15° to 50° continuously without that a part needs to be replaced - Double-sided bevel (X, K) without material handling - Easy connection to the 3D manipulator for easier operation and handling - Silent working - Equipped with automatic feeder - Stationary or mobile use - The machine works with large workpieces without any support a speed of 3.5m/min - Smaller workpieces are placed directly in the machine - Reduced price when purchasing UZ15 RAPID together with the 3D manipulator

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, -Custom-Made Machines Tailored to Your Production Needs -Our custom-made machines are meticulously designed and engineered to meet the unique demands of your production processes. Whether your focus is finishing, oxide removal, or radius edge rounding, these machines deliver outstanding precision and performance.. -Finishing: Achieve smooth, high-quality finishes on a wide range of materials, ensuring a consistently professional, polished appearance Gsdpfxjhq Dbxe Afieuh -Oxide Removal: Effectively eliminate surface oxides to provide a clean, contaminant-free surface—essential for further processing or coating applications. -Radius Edge Rounding: Precisely round edges to your specified radius, enhancing both safety and the overall quality of your finished products. Customization Options Each machine is tailored specifically to your requirements, offering flexibility in: Processing Speeds: Adjustable to match your varying production demands Special Features: Options include dust and fume extraction systems, adjustable pressure settings, and programmable configurations designed to optimize your workflow Built for Durability. Constructed with longevity in mind, our custom machines are built to perform reliably through extended production cycles. Whether for small-scale projects or high-volume industrial applications, these machines provide exceptional results, year after year

Condition: new, diameter -- mm workpiece length -- mm work piece width 0 - 3 mm speeds 3600 U/min range of angles 30 - 60 (stufenlos) ° weight of the machine ca. 31 kg dimensions of the machine ca. 530 x 420 x 410 mm Maximum bevel width of 3 mm - Mechanically adjustable bevel angle Guedpfxjppgcro Afish Designed for deburring and chamfering steel parts and workpieces. Processing of different materials. Solid and stable machine construction. * Scale for setting the processing depth * Security cover * Adjustable processing angle * For steel, stainless steel, aluminum and other materials * Precise, massive and overlong mechanical guide - Number of indexable inserts: 5 pieces (four-sided) - Feed: manual