Year of construction: 2025, condition: new, Dimensions (L/W/H) 0x0x0 mm Weight 3500 kg Total power requirement 57,7 kw Dwedpfsvz Ei Uex Ab Tef

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1980, working width: 630 mm cutter head: spiral kutter head number of blades: 2 Dedpfx Abjx Eltao Tswf surface table length: 2200 mm Hollow and pointed joint adjustment: no surface fence adjustable: ja maximum workpiece thickness: 220 mm height adjustment thickness table: electrically read out for thickness table: Scala feed speed: ca. 5 / 8 / 10 / 16 m/min infeed roller: steel devidet outfeed roller: rubber pressure beam: durchgehend table roller: no motor power: 5,5 kW motor brake: Ja, manuell suction connection: 160mm machine length: 2000 mm machine width: 1200 mm weight: 1300

Condition: used, Heavy-duty thickness planer Panhans 436 Planing width: 630 mm Planing height: 250 mm Electric height adjustment with tenth-millimeter touch button – digital Tersa cutter block Table with four-way guidance Dwsdpfjx Ei Hkex Ab Tjf Main motor 7.5 kW Feed speed: 7 + 14 m/min Segmented infeed and outfeed rollers made of rubber, oscillating Segmented pressure beam made of solid aluminium – oscillating Machine is FULLY REFURBISHED IN WORKSHOP, IN EXCELLENT CONDITION Available from stock Lieboch

Condition: used, Planer and edge finishing machine Weinig Profimat 23 E for four-sided planing and profiling of wood with movable spindle. spindle: 5 Dwedpfsx Ecguox Ab Tef spindle 1: Bottom / 5.5 kW / 40 mm spindle 2: Right / 5.5 kW / 40 mm spindle 3: Left / shared motor with #2 / 40 mm spindle 4: Top / 7.5kW / 40 mm spindle 5: Bottom / 4 kW / 40 mm working width: 230 mm working height: 120 mm

Year of construction: 2007, condition: ready for operation (used), General Data Machine weight 4100 kg Measurements height 180 mm Dimensions Machine Length 420 mm Main Drive Spindle Speed 6000 RPM This GRIGGIO G 240P/5U was manufactured in 2007. It features a maximum planing width of 240mm and height of 160mm, accommodating workpiece sizes up to 240 x 160mm. Equipped with five spindles, including a universal turning shaft, and spindle speeds up to 6000 rpm. The machine allows smooth feed adjustments up to 30m/min. Weighs 4100kg with dimensions of 440x220x180cm. Contact us for more information about this machine. Application Types Planing Dwsdpfx Aex D D Epeb Tof

Condition: good (used), WEINIG PROFIMAT 22N four-side planer - DTR - German production - adjustable spindles TECHNICAL PARAMETERS: planing width 220 mm planing height 120 mm spindle diameter 40 mm 1) 4 kW lower head 2) right head 3) 5.5 kW left head 4) 4 kW upper head 5) universal head 360 ° 4 kW 2.2 kW feed motor feed speed 5 - 20 m / min four upper drawing steel rollers two upper pulling rubber rollers one pull roller in the table top feed on cardan shafts electric height adjustment Dwsdoh Akbaepfx Ab Tjf pre-table length 1970 mm central lubrication pneumatic clamps dimensions of the machine (length / width / height) 380/200/170 cm weight ~ 2000 kg

Condition: excellent (used), Catalogue number 7693 TECHNICAL DATA - shaft width: 810mm - max workpiece thickness: 170mm - 4-knife cutterhead * from above: - anti-kickback fingers - toothed feed roller, driven - pressure bar - planing cutterhead - pressure bar - smooth outfeed roller, driven - from below: 2 adjustable slip rollers in the table - electric table lift - 3 feed speeds Dwodpfxewwr Hds Ab Tof - main motor power: 7.5 kW - dimensions (L/W/H): 1230x1600x1320mm - weight: 1360kg – Bulgarian made – 4-knife cutterhead – used thickness planer, in very good condition Net price: 15,900 PLN Net price: 3,780 EUR (based on 4.2 EUR rate) (Prices may vary with significant exchange rate fluctuations)

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1991, Working width: 500 mm Planing shaft: Centrolock Number of knives: 4 Planer table length: 2800 mm Dressing table adjustment: Lever Display of chip removal: Scala Dressing fence angle adjustable: yes Motor power: 5.5 kW Machine length: 2800 mm Machine width: 1000 mm weight: 900 kg Dsdpfxevadxro Ab Tswf

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), Year of construction: 2025, functionality: fully functional, TERSA cutterhead with 4 knives, 5.5 kW motor, 400 V, 50 Hz, electronic start and brake unit. Thickness table adjustment with buttons for rapid or slow feed, as well as fine adjustment accurate to 1/10 mm. Integrated operating hours counter. Thickness table mounted on 4 support spindles and 4-way guided. Two feed speeds: 7 and 14 m/min. One rubber feed-in and one rubber feed-out roller. Two extraction ports Ø 160 mm. Slide for top extraction. Planer guard system SUVAMATIC. Motor power 7.5 kW. Positioning control including sensor monitoring. Dsdpfx Abjx Ey Tzs Tswf

Condition: excellent (used), Catalogue number 7288 Dwsdpsrwmp Uofx Ab Tsf TECHNICAL DATA - Max. workpiece width: 230 mm - Max. workpiece height: 130 mm 6 spindles: 1) Bottom horizontal: 230 mm, 7.5 kW 2) Right vertical: 130 mm 3) Left vertical: 130 mm; (spindle 2 and 3): 15 kW Spindle 3 with electric right/left adjustment 4) Top horizontal: 230 mm, 11 kW 4th spindle with electric up/down adjustment 5) Bottom horizontal: 230 mm, 7.5 kW 6) Universal: 230 mm, 360° adjustable, 11 kW - All spindles adjustable up/down, right/left - All spindles equipped with brake - Spindle diameter: 40 mm - Top infeed: 4 steel, toothed, powered rollers (incl. 2 double rollers) - Top outfeed: 3 smooth, rubber, powered rollers (incl. 2 double rollers) - Bottom outfeed: 2 rubber, powered rollers - Bottom side pressure: 3 units - Variable feed speed adjustment - Pneumatic feed rollers - Feed motor: 3 kW - Electric adjustment of planing thickness - Body lifting motor: 0.37 kW - Infeed table length: 2,480 mm - Enclosed in safety cabin - Centralised table lubrication - Extraction port diameters: 130 mm, 140 mm, 4x125 mm - Dimensions (L/W/H): 4,960 x 1,760 x 1,700 mm - Weight: approx. 3,500 kg ADVANTAGES – Manufactured in Italy – 6-head configuration – Machine is in original paint (not repainted) – All spindles equipped with brake – Last spindle is universal – Used planer, in very good condition Original photos Net price: 54,900 PLN Net price: 13,070 EUR (based on 4.2 EUR exchange rate) (Prices may change due to exchange rate fluctuations)

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1982, Working width: 510 mm Planing height: 240 mm Cutterhead: Strip knives Number of knives: 4 Height adjustment: Handwheel Planing thickness display: Mechanical counter Feed speed: 7 / 14 m/min Infeed roller: Steel Outfeed roller: 2 x steel Table rollers: Yes Motor power: 4 kW Extraction connection: Djdpfex Edllex Ab Tjwf Machine length: 1000 mm Machine width: 1000 mm Weight: 800 kg

Condition: excellent (used), TECHNICAL DATA Dsdpfeqv Aivex Ab Tjwf - Shaft width: 500 mm - Number of knives: 4 pcs - Max thickness of the processed workpiece: 230 mm From above: - Pawls - Serrated, driven, sequential infeed roller - Pressure units - Planing shaft - Pressure unit - Smooth, driven outfeed roller From below: - Adjustable driving rollers in the lower table: 2 pcs - Motor: 5.5 kW - Electrically operated table lift - Table lift motor: 0.37 kW - Infinitely variable feed speed regulation - Extraction nozzle diameter: 150 mm - Dimensions (LxWxH): 1000x1000x1350 mm - Weight: 690 kg ADVANTAGES – Electric table lifting – 4-knife shaft – Driving rollers in the lower table – Used thicknesser, in very good condition Net price: 16,900 PLN Net price: 4,020 EUR at a 4.2 EUR exchange rate (Prices may vary with exchange rate fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), CATALOG NUMBER 6950 TECHNICAL DATA - Maximum workpiece width: 220 mm - Maximum workpiece height: 130 mm – 4 spindles: 1) Horizontal bottom, 220 mm, 5.5 kW 2) Vertical right, 130 mm 3) Vertical left, 130 mm; (spindles 2 and 3) 5.5 kW 4) Horizontal top, 220 mm, 5.5 kW Dwedolikzfspfx Ab Tjf - 4 electrically adjustable spindles (up/down) - All spindles adjustable up/down, right/left - Spindle diameter: 40 mm - 4 upper infeed drive rollers, gear-driven, including 1 double roller - 1 double upper outfeed drive roller, rubber-coated - Lower outfeed drive roller, rubber-coated - Feed via Cardan shaft rollers - Infinitely variable feed speed: 6–22 m/min - Feed motor: 2.2 kW - Lifting motor: 0.55 kW - Electric planing thickness adjustment - Infeed table length: 1970 mm - Central lubrication system - Extraction port diameter: 3x120 mm, 140 mm - Enclosed in cabin - Dimensions (LxWxH): 3350 x 1400 x 1400 mm - Weight: 1700 kg – German-made – Unpainted – Used planer, very good condition Net price: 38,900 PLN Net price: 9,260 EUR Net price calculated at exchange rate of 4.2 PLN/EUR (In case of significant exchange rate fluctuations, the price may change)

Condition: excellent (used), Catalogue number 6393 TECHNICAL DATA - Maximum workpiece width: 200 mm - Maximum workpiece height: 150 mm - Number of spindles: 4: 1) Bottom horizontal, 200 mm, 5.5 kW 2) Right vertical, 150 mm, 4 kW 3) Left vertical, 150 mm, 4 kW 4) Top horizontal, 200 mm, 5.5 kW - All cutterheads adjustable vertically and horizontally - Spindle diameter: 40 mm - Spindle speed: 6,000 rpm From above: - 6 feed-in traction rollers, toothed (including 2 double) - 1 feed-out traction roller, rubber-coated From below: - Feed-in drive roller, toothed, steering, integrated in lower table - 3 side pressure rollers - Feed-out traction roller, metal, smooth Djdehh Sflepfx Ab Tewf - All rollers pneumatically loaded - Infeed table length: 2,130 mm - Height-adjustable table - Centralized lubrication system - Electric adjustment of planing thickness - Lift motor: 1.1 kW - Stepless feed speed control via inverter - Feed drive motor: 3 kW - Feed via Cardan shafts - Fully enclosed in cabin - Extraction port diameters: 4 x 130 mm - Dimensions (LxWxH): 3,550 x 1,750 x 1,800 mm - Approx. weight: 3,000 kg ADVANTAGES – Equipped with 4 cutterheads – Ideal for wet and dry timber – DTR operation and maintenance manual included – Used machine, very good condition Net price: 65,900 PLN Net price: 15,690 EUR Net price calculated at an exchange rate of 4.2 PLN/EUR (In case of significant exchange rate fluctuations, the price may change)

Condition: excellent (used), Catalogue number 7736 TECHNICAL DATA - shaft width: 410mm - number of knives: 4 - noise-damping comb at the shaft - table length: 2530mm - brake - cast iron tables - both tables adjustable - original, angle-adjustable guide - motor: 3kW - extraction port diameter: 140mm - dimensions L/W/H: 2530x850x1350mm Dwjdpfx Aoxdakuob Tof - weight: 680kg ADVANTAGES – manufactured in Poland – 4-knife shaft – brake – upper control panel – noise-damping comb at the shaft – DTR documentation – used jointer, in very good condition Net price: 12,900 PLN Net price: 3,070 EUR depending on 4.2 EUR rate (Prices may vary with significant exchange rate fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), Catalogue number 7738 Dodpfx Ajxcx Ucsb Tjwf TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS SURFACER/JOINTER: - shaft width: 500mm - 4-knife cutterblock - sound-dampening riving knife/comb - shaft guard - adjustable tilting fence - table length: 2200mm - infeed table length: 1180mm - both tables adjustable THICKNESSER/PLANER: - max thicknessing height: 240mm - thicknesser shaft guard *top side: - anti-kickback fingers - feed roller: toothed, spring-loaded - pressure bars - planer cutterblock - pressure bar - outfeed roller: smooth - adjustable roller in lower table - 2 feed speeds: 7/14 m/min - main motor: 5.5kW - electric brake - extraction port diameter: 150mm - dimensions L/W/H: 2300x950x1100mm - weight: 910kg ADVANTAGES – Italian manufacture – 4-knife shaft – Long tables – Excellent, original condition, never repainted – Used surface planer and thicknesser Net price: 21,900 PLN Net price: 5,200 EUR (exchange rate 4.2 EUR) (Prices may vary depending on exchange rate fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), Catalogue number: 7715 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS - Maximum workpiece width: 220 mm - Maximum workpiece height: 130 mm - 8 spindles: 1) Bottom horizontal 220 mm 5.5 kW 2) Right vertical 130 mm 7.5 kW 3) Left vertical 130 mm 7.5 kW 4) Right vertical 130 mm 5.5 kW 5) Top horizontal 220 mm 11 kW – 5th spindle electrically adjustable up/down 6) Bottom horizontal 220 mm 5.5 kW 7) Bottom horizontal 220 mm 5.5 kW – 7th spindle with support + Jointer system (cutterhead sharpening) 8) Universal 220 mm, 360° adjustable, 7.5 kW - All spindles adjustable vertically and laterally - Spindle diameter: 40 mm Feed system (top): - 6 double-toothed infeed rollers, driven, + 1 single roller - 3 double smooth rubber outfeed rollers, driven + 3 single rollers - Digital length counter Feed system (bottom): - Swivelling toothed steel infeed roller integrated into lower table - 3 smooth steel feed rollers - Feed drive via Cardan rollers - Pneumatic pressure rollers - Stepless feed speed adjustment + 2-speed gearbox: 10–60 m/min - Feed motor: 10 kW - Electric thickness adjustment - Body lifting motor: 0.75 kW - Centralised table lubrication - Extraction connection diameters: 5x140 mm, 3x120 mm - Machine dimensions (LxWxH): 4680x1780x1850 mm - Control cabinet dimensions (on pallet): 1020x1000x2230 mm - Weight: approx. 5000 kg ADVANTAGES - Equipped with 8 cutterheads - Universal spindle - Ideal for wet and dry timber - Made in Germany, WEINIG brand Dwodpfxsw Ipcve Ab Tef - Unpainted (original finish) - Very low operating hours - Used thickness planer, like new Net price: 165,900 PLN Net price: 39,500 EUR (based on exchange rate 4.2 EUR) (Prices may change with significant exchange rate fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), CATALOGUE NUMBER 6946 TECHNICAL DATA - Max. working width: 210mm - Max. working thickness: 120mm - Number of spindles: 2 pcs - Spindle diameter: 50mm From above: - 3 infeed feed rollers, rubber, smooth, including 2 double rollers - 2 outfeed feed rollers, rubber, including 1 double roller - Cutterheads on supports - Cutterhead up/down adjustment - Electric adjustment of top cutterhead height - Electric setting of planing thickness Djdpfxslhrk So Ab Tjwf - Spindles equipped with brake - Main motor: 2×5.5kW - Stepless feed speed adjustment - Feed motor: 3kW - Feed via Kardana shafts - Extraction nozzle diameter: 2x160mm - Dimensions (L/W/H): 2350x1780x1950mm - Weight: 1882kg – Made in Germany – Jointers for sharpening knives on the cutterhead – 2 Hydro cutterheads included – Not repainted – Very good condition, used planer Net price: 33,900 PLN Net price: 8,070 EUR Net price calculated at 4.2 PLN/EUR (price may change with significant exchange rate fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), Catalogue number 6765 TECHNICAL DATA - max. working width of element: 230 mm - max. working height of element: 160 mm Number of spindles: 4: 1) lower horizontal, 230 mm, 5.5 kW 2) right vertical, 160 mm, 5.5 kW 3) left vertical, 160 mm – electrically adjustable left/right from the control panel, 5.5 kW 4) upper horizontal, 230 mm – electrically adjustable up/down from the control panel, 7.5 kW - all spindles adjustable up/down, left/right - spindle diameter: 40 mm from the top: - driven infeed rollers, geared, 6 pcs (incl. 2 double rollers) - driven outfeed rollers, rubber-coated, 2 pcs from below: - infeed roller, driven, geared, metallic, swiveling in the lower table - outfeed roller, driven, metallic, smooth - pneumatically adjustable rollers - length of infeed table (with pneumatic feeder): 3390 mm Dwsdpjin Elpofx Ab Tjf - possible operation without activating the pneumatic feeder; the table is height-adjustable - central lubrication - electric thickness adjustment - variable feed speed adjustment - feed via cardan shafts - feed motor: 4 kW - enclosed in cabin - extraction port diameter: 4 x 120 mm - dimensions (L x W x H): 7000 x 1950 x 1700 mm - weight: approx. 3000 kg - suitable for wet and dry wood - pneumatic feeder on the infeed table - second-hand planer, in very good condition Net price: 89,900 PLN Net price: 21,400 EUR Net price calculated at exchange rate 4.2 PLN/EUR (price may change in case of significant exchange rate fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), CATALOGUE NUMBER: 6651 TECHNICAL DATA - Maximum workpiece width: 220 mm Djdpfx Aboh Up Ips Towf - Maximum workpiece height: 120 mm – 4 spindles: 1) Bottom horizontal: 220 mm, 4 kW 2) Right vertical: 120 mm, 4 kW 3) Left vertical: 120 mm, 4 kW 4) Top horizontal: 220 mm, 5.5 kW - All spindles adjustable up/down, right/left - Spindle diameter: 40 mm - 4 top feed-in rollers, toothed, including 2 double rollers - 1 top feed-out roller, smooth rubber - Lower feed-out rubber roller - Pneumatically pressed rollers - Feed through Cardan shafts - Feed motor: 1.1 kW - Lifting motor: 0.37 kW - Electric thickness adjustment - Infeed table length: 1980 mm - Side pressure unit - Stepless feed speed adjustment: 8–16 m/min - Central lubrication system - Extraction port diameter: 5 x 140 mm - Fully enclosed in a cabinet - Dimensions (L/W/H): 3400 x 1500 x 1700 mm - Weight: approx. 1670 kg Net price: 39,900 PLN Net price: 9,500 EUR Net price calculated at 4.2 PLN/EUR (In case of significant exchange rate fluctuations, the price may change)

Condition: new, Catalogue number: S 0335 - New machine, in stock - CE certificate Djdpfxovw Rqio Ab Tewf SURFACE PLANER: - Working table dimensions: 1500 х 320 mm - Max. planing depth: 5 mm - Aluminium guide fence dimensions: 1100 x 155 mm THICKNESS PLANER: - Working table dimensions: 316 x 600 mm - Max. planing depth: 3 mm - Feed speed: 7 m/min - Material thickness: 4 - 230 mm - Motor power: 3 kW - Cutterhead speed: 5600 min⁻¹ - Dimensions (L/W/H): 1500/600/1050 mm - Weight: 315 kg * Cast iron tables with ground surface * Tables with precise adjustment for longitudinal planing * Stable aluminium fence adjustable from 90° to 45° * Cutterhead guard * Thickness planer table with central guide column and support * Power on/off without stopping the machine * Mortiser with left-hand rotation Net price: 14,500 PLN Net price: 3,440 EUR Price calculated at an exchange rate of 4.2 PLN/EUR (In case of significant exchange rate fluctuations, the price may change)

Condition: excellent (used), CATALOG NUMBER 7518 Technical Specifications: - Shaft width: 810 mm - Number of knives: 4 pcs - Max thickness of processed element: 250 mm * From above: - Pawls - Toothed infeed roller, feeding - Pressure rollers - Planing shaft - Pressure rollers - Smooth outfeed roller, feeding * From below: - Adjustable rollers in lower table: 2 pcs - Motor power: 7.5 kW - Electric table elevation - Lifting motor: 0.5 kW - 4 feed speeds - Brake - Extraction nozzle diameter: 160 mm - Dimensions (L/W/H): 1350x1450x1700 mm - Weight: approx. 1100 kg ADVANTAGES – Made in Poland – Electric table elevation – Used thickness planer, in very good condition Net price: 25,900 PLN Net price: 6,160 EUR depending on a rate of 4.2 EUR Dwodpfx Aovfp Sbsb Tof (Prices may change with significant fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), Catalogue number: 7275 TECHNICAL DATA - Max. planing width: 610 mm - Max. planing height: 200 mm From above: - Toothed feed roller - Kickback pawls - 2 pressure rollers - Toothed feed roller - Pressure roller - 610 mm planing shaft, 4-knife, 7.5 kW - Pressure rollers - Smooth feed roller From below: - Guide bar - Adjustable infeed table with split, smooth sliding shaft - 610 mm planing shaft, 4-knife, 5.5 kW - 2 smooth, powered feed rollers - Side pressure roller At the rear: - Side spindles + 2 pressure rollers: 1) Right vertical spindle, 5.5 kW 2) Left vertical spindle, 5 kW - Max. planing height on side spindles: 200 mm - Spindle diameter: 35 mm - Spindles adjustable up/down, left/right 3) Additional horizontal spindle, 160 mm, adjustable up/down and left/right + tilting, approx. 4 kW - Planing possible with the additional spindle from above/below/side - Spindle diameter: 35 mm - Adjustable rollers on lower table - 2 feed speeds - Feed motor: 2.2 kW Dwsdpfx Ajrq Db Deb Tsf - Extraction port diameters: 120 mm - Dimensions (LxWxH): 2550 x 1700 x 1350 mm - Approx. weight: 3,000 kg ADVANTAGES - Wide planer for wet and dry timber - Ideal for processing beams, floorboards, etc. - 2 horizontal planing shafts + 2 vertical spindles + 1 horizontal spindle - Complete with cutterheads - Manufactured by German brand KUPFERMUHLE - Used planer in very good condition - Original photos Net price: 58,900 PLN Net price: 14,020 EUR (based on exchange rate €1 = 4.2 PLN) (Prices may change with significant fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), Catalogue number 7739 TECHNICAL DATA SURFACE PLANER: - shaft width: 410 mm - 3-knife cutterblock - sound-dampening comb - shaft guard - adjustable angle guide fence - table length: 2060 mm - both tables adjustable THICKNESSER: - max material thickness on thicknesser: 240 mm - thicknesser shaft guard *from above: - anti-kickback fingers - serrated, sprung feed roller Djdpfx Aexbp Aneb Tewf - pressure bars - planing cutterhead - pressure bar - smooth outfeed roller - 2 adjustable rollers in lower table - main motor: 5.5 kW - electric brake - electric table height adjustment (up/down) - dust extraction port diameter: 120 mm - dimensions (L/W/H): 2060x970x1150 mm - weight: 660 kg ADVANTAGES – Italian-made – sound-dampening comb – not repainted – in perfect condition – used planer-thicknesser Net price: 22,900 PLN Net price: 5,450 EUR (calculated at 4.2 PLN/EUR) (Prices may fluctuate with larger exchange rate changes)

Condition: excellent (used), Catalogue number: 7265 TECHNICAL DATA Dwedpfxjrm I T Hj Ab Tof SURFACE PLANER: - Shaft width: 510 mm - Noise-reducing comb - Shaft guard - Original cast iron tilting fence - Table length: 2060 mm - Both infeed and outfeed tables adjustable - Extraction port diameter: 150 mm THICKNESSER: - Maximum workpiece thickness: 200 mm - Thicknesser shaft guard - Electric height adjustment for planing depth From above: - Anti-kickback fingers - Serrated infeed roller - Pressure bar - Planing cutterblock - Pressure bar - Smooth outfeed roller From below: - 2 adjustable rollers on lower table - 2 feed speeds: 7 / 14 m/min - Extraction port diameter: 150 mm - Brake - Main motor: 4 kW - Dimensions (LxWxH): 2200 x 1400 x 1050 mm - Weight: 1055 kg ADVANTAGES – Made in Germany – Brake – Noise-reducing comb – Electric planing height adjustment – Not repainted – Very good condition, used machine Original photos Start-up video: youtube.com/watch?v=7_aygbppcsY Net price: 16,900 PLN Net price: 4,020 EUR (based on 4.2 PLN/EUR exchange rate) (Prices may change with greater fluctuations)