Used Climatic Chamber for sale (6,543)

Condition: good (used), Vötsch VCS 4100 Climatic Test Chamber -40°C to +180°C Manufacturer: Vötsch Type: VCS 4100 Temp. Range: -40°C to +180°C Line Voltage: 400 V Rated Current: 17 A Rated Power: 11 kW Refrigerant: R404A KK-07 Financing through our bank is also possible. komplett-konzept.leasingo.de Find more items - new and used - in our shop! International shipping costs upon request! Lodpeuuiygjfx Abzjag

Condition: good (used), Heraeus Vötsch HC 4055 Temperature Test Chamber Manufacturer: Heraeus Vötsch Type: HC 44055 Temperature Chamber Temperature Range: +180°C Rated Voltage: 380V, +-10%, 3/N, 50Hz Rated Current: 13.5 A Lasdsuuilvopfx Abzsg Rated Power: 9 kW Housing Dimensions: W 1065 x D 1560 x H 1890 (mm) Observation Window: Width x Height 350 x 640 mm Test Chamber: (L x D x H) approx. 800 x 795 x 855 mm Test Chamber Volume: 550 l Cabinet is air-cooled Caution Cabinet can only be operated as an oven. Refrigeration circuit empty and shut down. Air conditioning system shut down. Disconnected contactors: 03K2 Compressor 03K5 Condenser fan 15K6 Panel heater Solid state relay 21V4 Humidifier. Weight approx. 550 kg Financing through our bank is also possible. komplett-konzept.leasingo.de More items - new and used - can be found in our shop! International shipping costs on request!

Year of construction: 1998, condition: good (used), Vötsch VTR 7033/S Temperature Test Chamber Manufacturer: Vötsch Type: VTR 7033/S Lsdpfxeuuin Ro Abzeag Item No.: 60885637 Temperature Chamber Temp. Range: -70°C to +180°C Line Voltage: 400V Rated Current: 24A Rated Power: 9.5 kW Refrigerant (VK): R 404 A Refrigerant (TK): R 23 Year of Manufacture: 1998 TK 09 Financing through our bank is also possible. komplett-konzept.leasingo.de Find more items - new and used - in our shop! International shipping costs upon request!

Condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2012, Fitotron® Modular Plant Growth Chambers, Type HGC 1014 V, including HQI-T and Krypton Lighting Module Temperature range +5°C - +45°C for temperature testing Test chamber volume approx. 1300 l Simpac Control System Network Connection USB Connection The Fitotron® HGC series plant growth chambers are based on a modular design. Individual modules can be added or replaced as needed. This allows them to be adapted to different applications. They are suitable for plants with high light requirements, such as wheat, corn, cotton, rice, and C4 plants. Lighting HQI-BT-400 W/D and 100 W, Temperature range +5°C to +45°C Temperature deviation over time ± 0.5 K Humidity range 40% to 95% Dew point range +4°C to +35°C Humidity deviation over time ± 3 to 5% RH Fresh air up to 7.5 m³/h Power consumption without fresh air operation at 25°C / 75% RH approx. 0.8 kW Characteristics for climatic tests with irradiation Temperature range +10°C to +45°C with light on +10°C to +45°C Temperature deviation over time ± 0.5 K Lsdpfsvz U Erjx Abzsag Humidity range 40% to 95% Dew point range +4°C to +35°C Humidity deviation over time ± 3 to 5% RH Humidification and dehumidification system, stainless steel test chamber Internal dimensions: Height 1400 mm, Depth 750 mm, Width 1270 mm External dimensions: Height 1985 mm, Depth 980 mm, Width 2320 mm External dimensions with lighting module: Height 2450 mm Single door with observation window Interface for computer connection Connection 3/N/PE 400V ±10% 50Hz CE marking, mobile, very good condition Pipe penetration ∅ 50 mm Air cooling Refrigerant R404A Weight approx. 480 kg + 130 kg lighting module

Condition: excellent (used), Two-chamber stainless steel tank 66m3 (40 + 26 m3) DIMENSIONS: - Diameter: 3,245 mm - Height: 13,053 mm Year of manufacture 2006 Weight: 4,680 kg Upper part: 40° slope - Lower part: 2% slope. DN 600 hatch with hinged cover at the top. stainless steel pressure-vacuum valve At the bottom, a DN400 hatch with a hinged cover a stainless steel pressure-vacuum valve Upper tank heating: 6 coils, exchange surface 6.95 m2, PS 2 bar Above 2 coils, exchange surface 2.33 m2, PS 2 bar A device for moving grounds, test valve Lower tank heating: 4 coils, exchange surface 4.64 m2, PS 2 bar. Laedpfxsvlpcte Abzeg Above: 2 coils, exchange surface 2.33 m2, PS 2 bar. Liquid level gauge 555x432 rectangular hatch DN70 ball valve The tanks were used in the wine industry. The tanks have a technical drawing. The tanks are dismantled and ready for delivery.

Condition: excellent (used), For sale: timber drying kiln with 3 plus 3 chambers. In very good condition. Laedpfsy R Tdwox Abzjg

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2014, functionality: fully functional, Timber drying 3 chamber ensemble (fully functioning, used). Parameters: - length: 12,9 m - width: 8,8 m - total height: 5,2 m / usable height: 4,1 m Ljdpfx Abozg Iw Ijzsag Hot water 90°C More technical details available on demand. On site inspection and testing are possible.

Condition: used, Webomatic Mobile Double Chamber Vacuum Packer Type: CD 120-PR Serial number: 5710JL525 Ledjym U Inepfx Abzoag 400 V, 3 Ph, 50 Hz, 5.0 A, 2.2 kW Seal length: (2x) 640 mm Dimensions chamber: (2x) 650 mm x 570 mm Busch vacuum pump Total dimensions: 1420 mm x 840 mm x 1060 mm.

Condition: used, This listing is for the LABCOLD RLDF1520 Climatic Class 4 Refrigerator The unit is in full working condition and is ready for immediate use The LABCOLD RLDF1510 is a pharmacy / vaccine‑grade refrigerator designed for storage of temperature‑sensitive medicines, vaccines, or biological materials Some of its key specs and features: Feature Specification / Detail Capacity ~ 430 litres External Dimensions (H × W × D) 1860 mm × 600 mm × 700 mm Temperature Operating Range +2 °C to +8 °C (nominal operating ~5 °C) Control / Monitoring “IntelliCold™” controller, 24/7 temperature logging, alarms (high/low temp, door open, power failure) Insulation / Construction Enamelled steel exterior, corrosion‑resistant painted aluminium interior; fan‑assisted cooling; off‑cycle auto defrost Door Type Solid door (non‑glass) version Other Features Door lock with keys, access port for probe, remote alarm contacts, data storage (13 months) Power / Energy Use Often quoted ~ 5.52 kWh/24h (for a 440 L variant/related model) Laedpexhdthjfx Abzsg In short: this is a robust, regulated refrigerator intended for cold chain use (i.e. storage of medicines, vaccines, biologics) rather than for general domestic or food us

Year of construction: 2011, condition: used, Intervac GmbH Mobile Double Chamber Vacuum Machine Type: INV 11/11 Laodpfx Aeym U Sysbzsg Year of construction: 2011 230/400 V, 50 Hz, 2.5 kW Weight: 355 kg Seal length: (2x) 620 mm Dimensions chamber: (2x) 600 mm x 670 mm Total dimensions: 1550 mm x 970 mm x 1220 mm.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2024, 532 USED Koma RDV - REC Freezing, cooling-proofing chamber. EXTERNAL DIMENSIONS (in cm): - W: 316 - L: 361 - H: 256 INTERNAL DIMENSIONS (in cm): - W: 300 - L: 345 - H: 240 TECHNICAL DATA: - year of production: 2024 - temperature range: -20°C to +20°C - refrigerant: R449A Lodpfxsz Dbk Ts Abzsag The price is a net price. Paid options available: transport. Our languages: ENGLISH, FRENCH, GERMAN, RUSSIAN, UKRAINIAN.

Condition: excellent (used), ötsch VTS 7027-15 Temperature Testing Chamber Manufacturer: Vötsch Industrietechnik GmbH Type: VTS 7027-15 Machine Type: Temperature Testing Chamber / Climatic Testing Chamber Test Chamber Volume: approx. 270 liters For sale is a used Vötsch VTS 7027-15 temperature testing chamber with programmable touch panel control. The unit is suitable for rapid temperature cycling tests, environmental simulation, material testing, electronics and component testing, quality assurance, as well as development, aging and stress tests. Technical Data: Temperature Range: -72 °C to +180 °C Heating Rate: approx. 17 K/min Cooling Rate: approx. 18 K/min Temperature Deviation over Time: ±0.1 to ±0.5 K Temperature Homogeneity (Spatial): ±0.5 to ±2 K Test Chamber Volume: approx. 270 liters Refrigerant: R404A / R23 Refrigerant Quantity: 6.5 kg / 2.3 kg Power Connection: 3/N/PE AC 400 V ±10 % / 50 Hz Rated Power: 16 kW Rated Current: 31 A Cooling: Water-cooled Version Cooling water inlet and cooling water outlet available Dimensions: Internal Dimensions (W × D × H): approx. 580 × 620 × 750 mm External Dimensions (W × D × H): approx. 870 × 1,895 × 1,775 mm Equipment: Programmable Touch Panel Control S!MCON/32-NET Control Stainless Steel Test Chamber Large Observation Window Test Chamber Lighting Side Access Ports for Test Specimens Stainless Steel Shelves Temperature Limiter RS232 Interface Program Mode and Manual Mode Shipping Data: Dimensions (W × D × H): approx. 870 × 1,895 × 1,775 mm Weight: approx. 835 kg Transport by forklift / lifting vehicle Condition: Used Visual condition as shown in the pictures. Scope of Delivery: Vötsch VTS 7027-15 Temperature Testing Chamber Touch Panel Control Stainless Steel Inserts as Shown in the Pictures Accessories as Shown in the Pictures Availability: Upon agreement. Scope of delivery as pictured. Ljdpfx Abez A U N Tozsag Subject to change, errors and prior sale.

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2026, functionality: fully functional, - inside diameter 900 mm and inside length 2500 mm Lsdpfx Abozkwh Dozjag - door with the locking system (manually) - fan inside the tank with the electrical engine outside - water cooled - 8 vacuum ports - electrical heating about 15 kw coils - Working pressure 10 bar - Adjustable AIR max. working temperature 180 °C - Equiped with related valve and pipes -With an inside trolley and outside cart -With 1 set of installation accessories -With automatic control system - PLC unit is Siemens Simatic S7 -With the installation air accessories - weight 1300 kg

Condition: excellent (used), Vötsch VTS 7027-10 Temperature Testing Chamber Manufacturer: Vötsch Industrietechnik GmbH Type: VTS 7027-10 Machine Type: Temperature Testing Chamber / Climatic Testing Chamber Test Chamber Volume: approx. 270 liters For sale is a used Vötsch VTS 7027-10 temperature testing chamber with programmable touch panel control. The system is suitable for professional temperature testing, environmental simulation, material testing, electronics and component testing, quality assurance, as well as development, aging, and stress tests. Technical Data: Temperature Range: -70 °C to +180 °C Temperature Change Rate (Heating): approx. 10 K/min Temperature Change Rate (Cooling): approx. 14.5 K/min Temperature Deviation (Time): ±0.3 to ±0.8 K Temperature Deviation (Spatial): ±0.5 to ±2 K Test Chamber Volume: approx. 270 liters Refrigerant: R404A / R23 Refrigerant Quantity: 8 kg / 2.1 kg Power Connection: 3/N/PE AC 400 V ±10% / 50 Hz Rated Power: 14 kW Lodpfsz A A Ecox Abzeag Rated Current: 26 A Cooling: Water-cooled design Cooling water supply and return lines available Dimensions: Internal Dimensions (W × D × H): approx. 580 × 620 × 750 mm External Dimensions (W × D × H): approx. 870 × 1,895 × 1,775 mm Equipment: Programmable touch panel control S!MCON/32-NET control, monitoring, and regulation system Interior made of stainless steel Large viewing window Test chamber lighting Side openings for test specimens Stainless steel shelves Adjustable temperature limiter Software temperature limiter RS232 interface Water-cooled refrigeration unit Transportation Data: Dimensions (W × D × H): approx. 870 × 1,895 × 1,775 mm Weight according to model documentation, without options: approx. 835 kg Transportation by forklift or similar lifting vehicle Condition: Used Optical condition according to the images. Scope of Supply: Vötsch VTS 7027-10 temperature testing chamber Touch panel control Stainless steel inserts as shown in the images Accessories as shown in the images Availability: upon agreement. Scope of supply as shown in the images. Subject to changes, errors and prior sale.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2002, functionality: fully functional, filter area: 48 m², filter pressure: 15 bar, pressure: 380 bar, cake thickness: 25 mm, total width: 1,500 mm, total length: 4,800 mm, total height: 1,980 mm, overall weight: 4,600 kg, number of chambers: 44, Equipment: documentation/manual, safety light barrier, For sale is a chamber filter press with the following accessories: Hydraulics, filter plates, safety devices, control system, swing plates, feed pump, press frame (steel platform), 3 cake containers for forklifts. Lasdpfjzulf Sex Abzog Chamber filter press 800 Side-frame press 15 bar filtration pressure Approx. 540 liters Open filtrate discharge 800x800 PP 25mm chamber depth 44 chambers Approx. 2.5 meters useful length Length 4800 x Width 1500 x Height 1980 mm 4600 kg Price upon request. We would be happy to provide you with an individual offer.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2003, inner dimension length: 7,400 mm, inner dimension width: 4,500 mm, inner dimension height: 4,250 mm, number of chambers: 1, Equipment: CE marking, documentation/manual, Drying Chamber Manufacturer: Mühlböck Model: ZLSM Year of manufacture: 2003 Internal dimensions approx. 7,400 x 4,500 x 4,250 mm (LxWxH) 3 fans, each 3 kW 10 measuring points With frequency converter With control system Heating capacity: 223 kW Water temperature: 85 °C Water flow: 14 m³/h Lsdpjy Evkpefx Abzeag Voltage: 230/400 V Connected load: 12 kW Fans: 3 x 3 kW Control: MB Intellevent 5000 program The unit was previously connected to a central heating system. Central heating not included! The drying chamber will be professionally dismantled and loaded onto a truck. Transport dimensions: 12 loading meters, approx. 5,000 kg

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2017, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 350, total width: 900 mm, total length: 1,845 mm, total height: 2,015 mm, overall weight: 460 kg, volume flow: 2 m³/h, power: 0.64 kW (0.87 HP), Equipment: documentation/manual, For sale is a new, unused screw press from EKOTON. Type: MDQ 101 Serial number: 350 Date of manufacture: 2017 Weight: 460 kg Dimensions: 1845x900x2025 mm Throughput capacity: 2.0 m³/h Drive: 0.64 kW Laodpfoz D E Hlox Abzeg Screen basket diameter: 100 mm If you are interested, please do not hesitate to contact us.

Condition: refurbished (used), Year of construction: 1997, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 97 09 05 010 1/2, filter pressure: 15 bar, pressure: 15 bar, cake thickness: 25 mm, warranty duration: 12 months, year of last overhaul: 2026, operating pressure: 380 bar, number of chambers: 25, control voltage: 24 V, Equipment: documentation/manual, safety light barrier, Good day, We have two identical chamber filter presses in stock, which have been completely overhauled and are therefore in new condition. They are immediately available! Please see the attached photos: Chamber filter press – manufactured by MSE with plate thickness: 50mm Laodpfezt Nc Eex Abzsg each with an additional set of plates cake thickness: 25mm volume: approx. 210 l useful length approx. 1800mm (34 plates) format: 630x630 mm dimensions: 3700x1100x1800 mm (l x w x h) empty weight: 2700kg open filtrate discharge plate transport manual hydraulics electric Please let us know if you are interested in this press. We would be happy to send you a customized offer. Price on request.

Condition: refurbished (used), Year of construction: 1991, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 5-048.045, filter area: 84 m², filter pressure: 15 bar, cake thickness: 30 mm, total width: 1,820 mm, total length: 5,820 mm, total height: 2,550 mm, warranty duration: 12 months, year of last overhaul: 2026, number of chambers: 40, control voltage: 24 V, Equipment: documentation/manual, safety light barrier, For sale is a fully overhauled bridge-type chamber filter press from Passavant. The pictures were taken before the overhaul. Lodpfx Aoz D Earjbzsag Chamber filter press – Manufacturer: Passavant with plate thickness: 76 mm, made of PP cake thickness: 30 mm volume: approx. 1160 l useful length: approx. 2800 mm dimensions: 1200x1200 mm overall dimensions: 5820x1820x2550 mm (l x w x h) tare weight: 2700 kg closed filtrate discharge plate transport: electric hydraulics: electric Please let us know if you are interested in this press. We will be happy to provide you with a customized offer. Price upon request.

Condition: excellent (used), Weiss TS 130 Thermal Shock Chamber Manufacturer: Weiss Umwelttechnik GmbH Model: TS 130 Machine type: Thermal Shock Chamber Test chamber volume: approx. 130 liters For sale is a used Weiss TS 130 thermal shock chamber with a hot and cold chamber, a movable lift basket, SIMCON/32 touch control, and a separate air-cooled condenser/cooling unit. The system is suitable for temperature cycling and thermal shock testing, environmental simulation, material and component testing, electronics testing, quality assurance, as well as research and development. Technical data: Hot chamber: +60 °C to +220 °C Cold chamber: -10 °C to -80 °C Switching time hot/cold chamber: approx. 10 seconds Temperature stability: ±1 K Internal dimensions (W × D × H): approx. 500 × 600 × 450 mm Max. load lift basket: 20 kg Max. load per insert rack: 10 kg Refrigeration system: Air-cooled refrigeration cascade Separate condenser/cooling unit as shown in the pictures High-stage refrigerant: R404A / 2.2 kg Low-stage refrigerant: R23 / 1.2 kg Max. low pressure: 18 bar g Max. high pressure: 25 bar g Standby pressure: 11 bar g Electrical data: 3/N/PE AC 400 V ±10 % / 50 Hz Rated power: 14.0 kW Ledpfezp D D Nex Abzjag Rated current: 26.0 A Connection type: CEE 32 A Control / Equipment: SIMCON/32 touch control Hot and cold chamber Movable 130-liter lift basket Test chamber door with viewing window Separate air-cooled cooling unit Operating hour counter SIMPATI 3.0 software CD Original operating and system documentation Cables and accessories as shown in the pictures Dimensions / Transport data: External dimensions (W × D × H): approx. 1,820 × 900 × 1,990 mm Width incl. door hinge: approx. 1,850 mm Depth incl. removable door: approx. 1,155 mm Weight of test chamber: approx. 950 kg Separate cooling unit on pallet as shown in the pictures Freight / special transport possible Condition: Used - Year of manufacture 2008 Operating hour counter shows approx. 108.7 hours. Optical condition as shown in the pictures. Normal signs of wear and tear due to age and use. Scope of delivery: Weiss TS 130 thermal shock chamber Separate condenser/cooling unit SIMCON/32 touch panel SIMPATI 3.0 software CD Original operating and system documentation Cables and accessories as shown in the pictures Availability: by arrangement. Scope of delivery as shown in the pictures. Subject to changes, errors and prior sale.

Year of construction: 2025, condition: used, Cream cooler, Gram SKS 64 BÄKO-line Year of manufacture: 2025-02 Condition: fully functional Housing and interior made of stainless steel with a foldable, self-closing door; 2-fold LED lighting; for sheet metal sizes 60 x 40 cm (lateral insertion); innovative convection system with intake air guidance prevents clumping or drying out of the goods; electronic control with simple operation and safety function for optimal product protection; filter change indicator; automatic defrosting and condensate evaporation; door seal replaceable; lockable; includes height-adjustable support rails Dimensions (H x W x D): 200 x 82 x 77 cm Interior dimensions (H x W x D): 138.6 x 68 x 58.5 cm Gross/Net capacity: 603 l / 417 l Temperature range: -5 °C to +12 °C Connection: 230 V / 50 Hz / 234 W Consumption: 372 kWh in 365 days Refrigerating capacity: 410 W at -10 °C Refrigerant: R-290 Energy efficiency class: B Laodpfx Asz A Sq Uebzog Weight: 131 kg

Year of construction: 2015, operating hours: 100 h, condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 4S 10kN 2268/000 1215 902, Dyna-Mess TP 10kN HF Cyclic Testing Machine / Endurance Testing System – Top Condition, including Temperature Chamber (up to 120°C) & Software Description: Manufacturer: DYNA-MESS Prüfsysteme GmbH Model: TP 10kN HF (Servopneumatic High-Frequency Cyclic Testing Machine) Maximum Testing Force: 10 kN (Static and dynamic range) Maximum Machine Stroke: 12 mm Date of Purchase: December 2015 Condition: Almost new, very little use, ready for immediate use (Plug & Play) Availability: Immediate For sale is a compact, high-precision cyclic testing machine from the premium manufacturer DYNA-MESS with a nominal load of 10 kN and a stroke of 12 mm. The system was acquired for dynamic endurance tests and service life determinations as part of a research project and has not been used since. It is in excellent, virtually new condition, both visually and technically. The complete package includes a matching temperature chamber with a controller up to 120°C. This enables standard-compliant, dynamic testing of components and materials under realistic thermal ambient conditions. System & Scope of Delivery: Load frame Dyna-Mess TP 10kN HF with high-precision force and displacement sensors. Complete PC including installed and calibrated control software DYNA-TCC under Windows 7. The system operates completely independently and is ready for immediate start-up. Temperature chamber with external control unit for tests up to 120°C. All associated documentation and connection cables. The machine is perfect for laboratories, universities or quality assurance departments that are looking for a reliable system for fatigue and endurance testing without incurring the budget of a new device. Inspection of the machine is possible by prior arrangement. As this is a commercial sale, it is offered ex works without any guarantee or warranty. The sale is preferably to buyers who will collect the machine themselves (dismantling and transport must be organized by the buyer). Ljdezunz Nopfx Abzoag Price: €24,500 (negotiable) plus VAT.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2008, power: 27 kW (36.71 HP), input voltage: 400 V, input current: 44 A, temperature: 200 °C, inner dimension length: 1,100 mm, inner dimension width: 1,600 mm, inner dimension height: 1,500 mm, overall weight: 3,500 kg, number of chambers: 1, Equipment: CE marking, documentation/manual, Electrically heated chamber furnace Vötsch VTLF 160/150/110 for components containing solvents. Usable dimensions: 1600 x 1100 x 1500 mm (width x depth x height) Rated temperature: 200 °C Maximum permissible solvent quantity according to EN 1539 at rated temperature: 38 g Total connected load: 30 kVA Lodpfoy U Uzxox Abzjag Rated power: 27 kW Usable volume: 2.78 m³ Steam space: 4.5 m³

Condition: used, Manufacturer: W.C. Heraeus Hanau Type: KR 260 Machine type: Electric chamber furnace / laboratory furnace / heat treatment furnace For sale is a high-quality industrial furnace from the renowned manufacturer W.C. Heraeus Hanau, model KR 260. The furnace is ideally suited for heat treatment processes, annealing, material testing, laboratory applications, as well as research and development tasks. Features: Robust industrial design Electrically heated chamber furnace Uniform temperature distribution Temperature control for precise processes Ideal for laboratories, workshops, industry, and research Solid German quality manufacturing Maximum temperature: 1150°C Voltage: 330V 50Hz Power: 11.4kW; 20A Application areas: Heat treatment of metals Annealing and hardening Material tests Lasdpoznvzdjfx Abzsg Ceramic and laboratory applications Research and development Chamber dimensions (internal): Width: 260 Height: 180 Depth: 500

Condition: used, Manufacturer: David + Baader, Kandel Type: 10880.3 Machine type: Industrial furnace / Chamber furnace / Heat treatment furnace For sale is a used industrial furnace from the manufacturer David + Baader Kandel, type 10880.3. The furnace is suitable for a wide range of applications in industry, trade, laboratories, and workshops and is ideal for heat treatment, drying, or annealing processes. Laodpfx Absznv Dfszjg Technical data Manufacturer: David + Baader Kandel Type: 10880.3 Design: Electric chamber furnace Condition: Used Further technical data available upon request or as per the nameplate Features and advantages Robust industrial design Uniform heat distribution Reliable temperature control Stable furnace chamber Suitable for continuous operation Proven German quality Possible applications Heat treatment of metal parts Annealing and tempering processes Drying processes Laboratory and testing applications Research and development Workshop and production operations