Used Book Production Line for sale (24,681)

Condition: used, Parquet mosaic production line length 160 mm: 1. Schroeder mosaic press MTA-2 PE 1992 r 7,3 KW 2. Schroeder feeder PST 1992 r 3. Schroeder feeder SB35 B 1992 r 4. schroeder feeder BA-2 1992 r 5. schroeder feeder BA-2 1992 r 6. Schroeder feeder SB35 B 1992 r 7. WENIG GMBH P 120 double edging machine 8. WENIG GMBH P121 Thicknessing machine with cutters ( not Hollowing heads) 9. WENIG GMBH P122 multi-saw Lhodpotp I Hcofx Abzel 10. WENIG GMBH 135 sorter - sorting system for 3 classes with interchangeable magazines (containers). Magazines 200pcs.

Year of construction: 2019, condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, Complete Used Egg Tray Production Line (Molded Pulp) – 3,500 pcs/hour Complete used molded pulp production line for manufacturing egg trays and a wide range of molded fiber packaging. The line is in excellent working condition and is ready for immediate installation and production. Production capacity: Up to 3,500 pcs/hour (30-cell egg trays) Approx. 77,000 pcs/day Approx. 1,925,000 pcs/month The line can produce: 30-cell egg trays 20-cell and 20A egg trays Egg cartons for 6, 10, 12, 15 and 18 eggs (with corresponding molds) Fruit trays Bottle and cup carriers Shoe inserts Protective packaging for electronics and household appliances Medical trays Seedling pots Disposable tableware Other molded fiber packaging The complete production line includes: Hydropulper and complete pulp preparation system Rotary molding machine Vacuum system Air compressor and air receiver Multi-layer gas drying system with heat recovery Hot air circulation and exhaust system Lhodpozlbm Hefx Abzjl Final thermo-pressing machines Automatic labelling machines for egg cartons (6, 10, 12, 15 and 18 eggs) Electrical control system Mold sets Spare parts Complete technical documentation Advantages: Low power consumption Compact industrial design Reliable and proven technology Wide range of molded pulp products Fast installation and commissioning Suitable for both start-up production and capacity expansion Additional services: Installation and commissioning Personnel training Technical support during start-up Production optimization until full operating capacity is achieved The production line is available immediately and ready for shipment. Inspection is possible by appointment. Videos, additional photographs, technical specifications and documentation are available upon request.

Year of construction: 2024, condition: excellent (used), – Power – 3,5 kw – Managament – PLC Control – One Appointments Units Lodpfxsyx E Hao Abzshl – Run out table – 15 m ( Possibility of upgrade ) – Diameter of block – 300mm – Wire diameter range – 1.8 – 3.2 mm – 1550 N/mm2 – Ring diameter – 300 – 420 mm - possible another diameter of rings – Capacity – 52,5 m2/8h for mesh with next characteristics : Ring diameter 350 mm – 9 coils Wire diameter – 3 mm Mesh dimensions – 10 x 5 m – dimensions of mesh – 10x 5 m ( possibly longer ) depends on the weight of the final mesh – Power – 3,5 kw ( complete line ) – Number of workers – 1 per shift

Year of construction: 2018, condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, TYPE 318:: COATING DRUM 1600 For the application of various taste and aroma giving materials by using various aromatising techniques. The special drum profile offers following main advantages: - optimal rolling of the product for uniform coating - minimum possible friction/damage of the product surface - no hidden corners, easy to clean, bacteriologically optimal surface. Adjustable drum speed, by frequency controlled AC gear motor 1.5 kW. Drum diameter: 1600 mm Drum length: 4000 mm Drum height : 3270 mm TYPE 284:: DRUM DRIER/ROASTER 1600 PTFE Newly developed short and medium range infrared roaster for special thermal post treatment of expanded extrudate. The whole drum is coated with a low-wear PTFE-layer. This secures processing of extremely sticky coated extrudates. Unlike the conventional hot air drying process, this drying system works with a very high degree of efficiency. The whole machine is made of rust free stainless steel. The radiation elements are attached to a common carrying arm in the drum. The roasting drum runs on special, low-noise carrier rollers and corresponds to the safety regulations and is equipped with a corrosion free covering to reduce energy losses. Lodpfx Abjwbqx Hozjhl The rpm of the drum is adjustable continuously. The drive is carried out by a three-phase motor 1.5 kW. Drum diameter: 1600 mm Electrical heating power: 126 kW Drum length:4300 mm Drum height : 2960 mm TYPE 361:: COOLING DRUM 1600 For cooling of sticky and hot extruded products under rotation for separation. The cooling is carried out with the help of room air, which is blown controllably into the drum by a middle pressure blower 1.85 kW AC. Please note: depending on the product characteristics, additional cooling might be necessary for breakfastcereals before the product can be packed. Drum diameter :1600 mm Drum length: 4000 mm Drum height : 2890 mm

Condition: good (used), Line now available for immediate sale. Was producing thins for supermarket contracts. Lhjdpfx Aowhagmjbzol

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Machine for tongue and groove cross profiling of wood flooring Ledev Uan Sjpfx Abzshl

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, We produce pellet-briquette line We are the only manufacturers in Lithuania, the only ones with our own service. We will deliver, install, set up and train the lines. We select a package according to your budget. We not only produce the equipment ourselves, but we also produce pellets ourselves, you can come and see the working equipment. Pellet production lines from 100 kg/h to 30 t/h We produce: Drum dryer Belt dryer pipe dryer Pellet plant Mills crushers Conveyor Coolers Cyclones Bunker Packing machines TSF-Justinas Lhsdpshgbarefx Abzjl

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2003, Complete Tetra Pak line TBA 21-1000 Slim, includes: Lhjdpfsycwvasx Abzel 1. TBA/21 1000 Slim filler, V050, YOM 2003, 52.000 running hours 2. CAP30 cap applicator for Helicap23 Pro26 3. Easy Ride Terplus cartons accumulator 4. TCBP70 wrap around packer 5. Conveyor system 6. Conveyors system The line is in very good condition, still in production till April. Can be sold without CAP30 applicator.

Year of construction: 2023, condition: like new (used), functionality: fully functional, We offer this as new SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) PANEL/MODULE PRODUCTION LINE, year of construction 2023. A solar panel manufacturing facility for sale capable of processing both PERC and TOPCon solar cells and producing a wide range of popular PV modules currently demanded in the market. The fully automated production line has an annual capacity of 250 MW and can manufacture various module configurations, including 450W, 585W, and 630W class modules with TOPCon 16BB technology, available in black frame with black backsheet, glass-to-glass, white backsheet, and transparent backsheet options. The facility is also capable of producing 10BB PERC modules up to 550W. Equipped with a double-layer double-chamber laminator, automatic framing system, automatic sorting system, and fully integrated high-efficiency manufacturing processes, this turnkey production line offers flexible production capabilities for today’s leading solar panel designs. With a highly competitive price, this is a rare investment opportunity for serious buyers seeking to enter or expand in the solar PV manufacturing industry. Popular panel types like 550 W PERC , 585 W TOPCON Glass to Glass ; 630 W TOPCON Glass to Glass can be produced with this line. Manufacturer: ARGUS SUNIC Model: 2023 Year of manufacture: 2023 Condition: as new Category ID: 33 Machine type: SOLAR (PV) PANEL PRODUCTION LINE Production capability: Complete photovoltaic (PV) module manufacturing line covering the entire production process from cell stringing to final testing and sorting Supported solar cell types: 182 × 182 mm 10BB PERC (M10); 210 × 210 mm 12BB PERC (M12); 182 × 182 mm 16BB TOPCon (M10); 182 × 210 mm 16BB TOPCon (G12R) Layout: Existing layout is shown in the photos Includes Tabber & Stringer Includes Automatic Robot Layup System Includes Automatic Glass Feeding & Transfer System Includes EVA Cutting & Layup Machines Includes TPT/Backsheet Cutting & Layup Machine Includes Automatic Bussing Station Includes Automatic Taping Station Includes Automatic Double Glass Feeding & Die Spotting Machine Includes Automatic Double-Chamber Laminator Includes Automatic Frame Gluing & Framing Machine (3-in-1) Includes Automatic Edge Banding Machine Includes Automatic Edge Trimming Machine Includes Junction Box Glue Filling Machine Includes Junction Box Gluing Machine Includes EL Inspection System Includes IV Module Tester (A+A+A+ Class) Includes Hi-Pot Tester Includes Automatic Module Sorting Machine Includes Automatic Laser Scribing Machine Includes Solar Cell Tester Includes Automatic Corner Grinding Machine Includes Automatic Corner Wrapping Machine Includes Automatic Module Loading & Unloading System Includes Plate Chain Curing Conveyor Includes Glass Stacking Machine Includes Visual Inspection Stations Includes Flip Inspection Table Includes Conveyor Systems (Transverse & Longitudinal) Includes Buffer Stations Includes Rotary Units Includes Corner Turning Units Includes Barcode Printing System Includes Control Cabinets Lodpoznmhhjfx Abzohl Includes Material Handling Trolleys & Auxiliary Equipment If you have any questions or need more information, feel free to send us a message or give us a call.

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2019, operating hours: 180 h, functionality: fully functional, total length: 8,000 mm, total width: 1,200 mm, total height: 1,300 mm, type of input current: AC, input voltage: 400 V, power: 10 kW (13.60 HP), SOEST Universal Surface Line for oiling, staining, lye treatment, patination, etc. Primarily intended for parquet surfaces up to 40 cm workpiece width. 1) Roller Machine RCR-400-L Reverse, for applying and removing surface products such as oils, stains, lacquers, etc. 2) Distributor Machine VP-400-1B-2P-2B with one brush, two pad holders, and an additional two brushes, for distributing, working in, or patinating surface media in the pores and/or also for removing, distributing, and working in depending on the desired surface effects. 3) Accessories include two spare application rollers, a material pump (brand new, never used), four replacement brushes, various distributor pads, and a pneumatic brush cleaning machine. This complete surface finishing line is built for professional industrial use and is configured with a full set of equipment. A considerable amount of accessories for the system, such as extra rollers and cleaning machines, is also included (see photos!). Very robust construction, all motors frequency-controlled (Siemens). Speeds are steplessly adjustable for both forward and reverse operation. Maximum workpiece width is approx. 410 mm. The system is in very good condition, with little use—only approx. 180 operating hours—so it can be described as as-new. This surface processing line was only used as a backup line in parquet production and only for specific surface techniques, which explains the low operating hours (used sporadically from 2019 to 2022). Lhjdoyaiafspfx Abzol In 2023, our company downsized and the system has been stored ever since or is immediately available, and therefore remains in nearly brand-new condition! This system is no longer used in our facility and is therefore being sold. The new price for this line was approx. €87,000 in 2019; the current selling price is negotiable! Inspection of this surface line is possible by appointment. If required, we can also offer 10 drying rack trolleys for sale with this system. (The YouTube video serves only as an example video of a similar system configuration!)

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2000, Schroeder Mosaic Press 160mm. Gluing patterns - brick / English pattern plate 640x274mm and halves 640x137mm glued in 6 variants: - single brick offset 50% - double brick offset 50 % - triple brick offset 50 % Lhedor Iyvbjpfx Abzol - single brick offset 25 % - double brick offset 25 % - triple brick offset 25 %

Condition: good (used), functionality: fully functional, Paper production line consisting of stock preparation, paper machine, inline coaters, calander, reeler, offline calander, slitter winders and reel packer. Fully upgraded by Valmet in 2019, including formmaster, topformer, shoepress, pre-dryer section, inline coating, multinip calender and reeler. Characteristics: Capacity: max ~ 350000 T/pa Width: 7500 mm Grammage: 35 – 170 gr/m2 Speed: max 1400 m/min Lhsdpfjvptbuox Abzol

Condition: used, Brand: Subal Model: T20 Year of manufacture: 2010 Compliance: CE standard Integrated equipment: - Automatic dough divider-rounder - Intermediate proofing station - Horizontal moulding machine - Optional small bun cutting up to 50 g Performance & Production: - High productivity for bakeries and industrial workshops - Automated operation for optimum time savings - Consistency and precision in moulding Ideal for: Industrial bakeries Large pastry shops Bread production facilities Lodpfx Abjym Uk Aezohl

Condition: excellent (used), Marinus Machines V&G 400 Series, Through Feed End Matching Machine suitable for fixed or random lengths as needed Maximum working length up to 6m, Minimum working length: 500m/m Total Power: Appr: 32kw, Tooling included. 400v 50hZ Lsdpfszw Ufmjx Abzshl 20 pieces per minute possible depending on length. PLC Controls. Complete Safety Enclosure.

Year of construction: 2015, condition: used, W and C Profile Production Line for Sale Designed for the production of road barriers, posts, and fastening elements. Fully equipped line suitable for continuous industrial manufacturing. The line consists of: - Two decoilers - Post production line - Parapet (guardrail) production line - Two presses for fastener manufacturing Technical specifications: Length: 17 m Width: 1 m Height: 1 m Motor power: 22 kW Weight: 18 t Year of manufacture: 2015 Manufacturer: Chengxing Machinery (China) Purpose and advantages: This W and C profile production line is designed for manufacturing various road safety components: detachable road barriers, support posts, and fastening parts. The equipment ensures a reliable, stable, and consistent production process. The machine is available for inspection. If you have any further questions, please do not hesitate to contact us. Lhedsxhf R Iopfx Abzsl

Condition: used, Manufacturer: CFS Model: BR6000/600 Year: 2001 Condition: Used Serial Number: 1402 Stock Number: 3426B Belt width: 600 mm Belt: Eyelink belt for extra small products Frying length: 6000 mm Heating: Thermal oil Power: 3 x 400V, 50Hz, 8.6kW Dimensions: 8700 x 2200 x 3800 mm Weight: 4250 kg CFS oil filter Type: OMR120 Serial number: 60 Year of construction: 2005 Dimensions: 2750 x 1100 x 1700 mm Power: 3 x 380V, 50Hz, 4.5kW Weight: 525 kg Including pallet filterpaper NN ambient cooling conveyor Belt width: 950 mm Belt length: 6000 mm Belt: eye link belt of 3 mm Lsdpfxezw Dzwo Abzjhl Compressed air: 6 Bar Power: 3 x 380V, 50Hz, 2.7kW Dimensions: 7600 x 1700 x 2000 mm Variable speed control Wanson Themopac thermic boiler Type: 200B Serial number: 9335.56445 Year of construction: 1986 Heating: natural gas Heating power: 233 kW Power: 3 x 380V, 50Hz, 7.5kW Dimensions: 3000 x 2450 x 2600 mm Installation built into 10ft container

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2023, Coperion ZSK 27 MV Plus extrusion line. Application: Pet food and dental sticks. Year: 2023, never used, still in its original packaging. Lodpexr Hgxsfx Abzjhl

Condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 13688, Year of construction: 2012, empty load weight: 4,990 kg, Fully automated, horizontal production line for IGUs and spacer frames! Production capacity of 1200 units per shift! TECHNICAL DETAILS Production capacity: 150 units/h MACHINE DETAILS Electrical Data Voltage: 480 VAC Ljdpfexdibpjx Abzehl Frequency: 50/60 Hz Phases: 3 Maximum motor capacity: 2 A Short-circuit current: 5,000 A Power: 142 kVA Machine weight: 4,990 kg EQUIPMENT GED Intercept Ultra/Thin Spacer Frame Machine i-3 - CE version Warm-edge spacer manufacturing system Production of Intercept ULTRA stainless steel, ThinPlate, or BlackLine Note: The machine is available from 02/12/2025!

Condition: refurbished (used), Year of construction: 2001, Working width 40-170 mm Thickness 9-50 mm 6 operator motors of 7.5 KW each Lhsdpeqa Dq Isfx Abzsl

Condition: new, functionality: fully functional, power: 460 kW (625.43 HP), fuel type: electric, Year of construction: 2026, Henan Mingyuan Heavy Industrial Equipment Co., Ltd. has established itself as a premier global manufacturer, providing integrated Sand and Gravel Production Lines that transform raw minerals into precision-graded materials. A MINGYUAN production line is not just a collection of machines; it is a synchronized system engineered for maximum throughput, minimal waste, and low operational costs. -1. Core Equipment Configuration The MINGYUAN system follows a multi-stage reduction philosophy to ensure particle shape and quality. Vibrating Feeder (GZQ Series):Ensures a continuous, uniform flow of raw material to the primary crusher. It features grizzly bars to pre-screen dirt and "fines," protecting the crusher from unnecessary wear. Primary Jaw Crusher (PE/C-Type): The "workhorse" designed for the initial breakdown of hard rocks (granite, basalt, river pebbles). MINGYUAN’s jaw crushers utilize a deep-chamber design for high crushing ratios. Secondary Crusher (Impact or Cone):Impact Crusher (PF Series): Ideal for medium-hard materials; produces highly cubic final products with excellent grain shape. Cone Crusher (Hydraulic/Spring): Preferred for high-hardness materials (granite/quartz) due to its high efficiency and low wear-part consumption. Sand Making Machine (VSI Series): The "finisher." It uses "stone-on-stone" or "stone-on-iron" technology to shape aggregates and produce high-fineness artificial sand. Vibrating Screen (YK Series): A high-frequency circular screen that classifies material into specific sizes (e.g., 0-5mm, 5-10mm, 10-20mm, 20-40mm). * Sand Washing Machine (XSD/LSX Series):Removes mud and impurities to ensure the final product meets strict concrete and asphalt standards. 2. Technical Specifications & Performance MINGYUAN offers scalable solutions tailored to project size, ranging from small-scale mobile units to massive industrial stationary plants. | Feature | MINGYUAN Standard Specifications | | Production Capacity | 50 – 600 $t/h$ (Tons Per Hour) | | Max Input Size | Up to 1,100mm (depending on Jaw model) | | Finished Product Size | 0-5mm, 5-10mm, 10-20mm, 20-40mm (customizable) | | Power System | High-efficiency AC Motors or Diesel-Electric Hybrid | | Control System| Centralized PLC Control Cabinet with safety interlocks | | Materials Processed | River stone, granite, limestone, basalt, iron ore, and C&D waste | 3. The MINGYUAN Technical Advantage Lhjdpjq Nywxofx Abzol What differentiates MINGYUAN in the global market is the "One-Stop" solution approach: 1. High Crushing Efficiency:Optimized crushing cavities increase the contact area between the material and the liners, reducing energy consumption per ton. 2. Environmental Compliance: Systems can be equipped with advanced dust suppression misting and fully enclosed belt conveyors to meet stringent urban environmental regulations. 3. Durability: Wear parts (jaw plates, blow bars, mantles) are manufactured using high-manganese and high-chrome alloys, significantly extending the time between maintenance cycles. 4. Flexible Layouts: Whether for a mountain quarry or a tight urban recycling site, MINGYUAN provides customized CAD layouts to optimize gravity-flow and reduce conveyor length. 4. Conclusion A MINGYUAN Sand and Gravel Production Line represents a strategic investment in efficiency. By combining primary strength with precision finishing and washing, the brand ensures that every ton of raw material is maximized for its commercial value.

Condition: new, NOISE BARRIER PRODUCTION LINE Lhodpoziwvlofx Abzol The noise barrier production line includes several machines, such as: Decoiler, Straightener Feeder, Main Roll Forming Machine (150 T, H-type), Punching Device, Cutting Machine, and Stacking Unit. IN ADDITION Custom-made hydraulic scissors (standard, non-length cut) – Servosteel Türkiye TS EN 1793-1 (absorption) certificate TS EN 1793-2 (insulation) certificate 3 aluminum molds for the A140 series (System Aluminum Türkiye) 3 aluminum molds for the A160 series (System Aluminum Türkiye) A140/A160 side cover EPDM wicking mold

Year of construction: 1995, condition: excellent (used), The line consists of the following components: 1) Weinig Profimat 23 milling machine 2) KOCH T-100-B belt conveyor (250x4550) 3) Weinig Uniplan milling machine 4) KOCH T-100-B belt conveyor (250x7050) 5) KOCH SF-3 tenoning machine 5a) Lower belt conveyor for waste (at the tenoning machine, 300x6050) 5b) Side belt conveyor for waste (at the tenoning machine, 300x1800) Lsdpshm Exdefx Abzjhl 6) KOCH T-100-B belt conveyor (250x5020) 7) KOCH T-100-A belt conveyor (300x3050) 8) KOCH T-100-B belt conveyor (300x3500) 9) KOCH T-100-B belt conveyor (300x4530) 10) Weinig U2G milling machine 11) KOCH belt conveyor (250x4050) The line has been used for very few hours and is in like-new condition. The production year of the machines that make up the line is 1995. In addition, I am including a complete set of Leitz milling cutters for each machine, suitable for a Euro 68 profile window. The cost of a new line is currently over 1 million euros.

Condition: used, 1) PVC Double Head Welding Machine – Emmegi Fusion 2LV3440 Year of manufacture: 2011 Lsdpfx Asywkc Rebzohl Double head welding machine for PVC profiles. Machine in perfect working condition, regularly maintained annually, complete with manual. 2) PVC Corner Cleaning Machine – Emmegi / Rinaldi Trimmer E Year of manufacture: 2011 Automatic corner cleaning machine for PVC profiles, equipped with lateral support arms. Machine in working condition, regularly maintained, complete with manual. 3) Glazing Bead Cutting Machine – Emmegi Microbo 4200 DX Year of manufacture: 2008 Cutting machine dedicated to glazing beads, designed to ensure precision and repeatability. Included equipment: Roller conveyor Electronic control system Machine in working condition, regularly maintained, complete with manual. 4) Single Head Cutting Machine – OMG mod. Bifra 550 Year of manufacture: 2006 Blade diameter: 550 mm Roller conveyors included Measuring handwheel included 5) Reinforcement Screwdriver Machine – Emmegi Fissa A Year of manufacture: 2012 Screwdriver machine for metal reinforcements used in window and door production. Machine in working condition. 6) Hardware Assembly Table – Emmegi BMF 3400 Year of manufacture: 2008 Table dedicated to hardware assembly for window and door frames. Complete with: Screwdriver Espagnolette system Hardware storage system Machine in working condition. 7) Testing and Glazing Table – Emmegi Vitro Year of manufacture: 2008 Table dedicated to testing and glazing operations for window frames. Machine in working condition. 8) Compressed Air System – NEW Year of manufacture: 2024 – never used Complete system for compressed air production and treatment, consisting of: Boge C12-2LF screw compressor, soundproofed, 11 kW, inverter, air flow from 530 to 2,020 l/min, super-silent version Vertical galvanized tank 725 liters, max pressure 10.8 bar, complete with safety valve and pressure gauge Electronic timed drain valve MTA CA Condensate water/oil separator MTA LP04 Compressed air dryer MTA DE-XG027, air flow 2,700 l/min 9) 4-Axis Machining Center – MECAL MC 304 ATLAS Year of manufacture: 2007 4-axis machine equipped with front working unit, specifically designed for aluminium processing. Maximum working length: 7430 mm X-axis working stroke: 7210 mm Y-axis (transversal) stroke: 550 mm Z-axis (vertical) stroke: 500 mm A-axis (rotating spindle axis): rotation range ±180° 10) Double Head Cutting Machine – TEKNA TK 145 Year of manufacture: 1994 Blade: Ø 500 mm Max cutting length: 4000 mm Blade inclination: outward 11) Cantilever Rack Structure Double-sided cantilever system, 1 double-sided block, 9 levels per side: Height: 9 m Max load per column side: 8,100 kg Max load per arm: 900 kg each 12) Single Head Copy Router – Rinaldi Magnum 360I Year of manufacture: 2003 The machine allows processing on four sides without repositioning the workpiece, ensuring maximum precision and operational continuity.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2010, Pellet production line for sale !!! Capacity - 4 t/ h with two presess ! Lhodpfxezhicho Abzsl Now in production - one press 132 kw Double boiler with dryer 2t/h ( each ) All other deetils you can find on pictures !!

Condition: good (used), Production line consisting of: - BACCI FC 8 - BACCI DOUBLE JET - KUKA robots BACCI FC 8 The automatic copying-shaping-sanding machine executes milling and sanding operations on components of chairs, tables, armchairs, sofas, beds, furniture, frames, with the best finish and highest output. Max working length: 4000mm Max working height: 180mm Max working width: 500mm Max working width with round end: 350mm Lodpot Txfpefx Abzshl Max speed working table: 15m/min Max table return speed: 50-100m/min BACCI DOUBLE JET DOUBLE-JET is double machining centre with 6+6 interpolated CN axis, equiped with hopperfeeder system for automatic loading/unloading of the pieces.