Used Angle Welding for sale (11,473)

Condition: new, table diameter 1000 mm table load 1200 Kg Bjdpfxevn Uwuj Abbjwh swivelling range 0 - 135 Grad turning speeds 0,1 - 1,0 U/min max. torque on the faceplate 900 Nm welding current 500 Ampere total power requirement 0,75 + 0,75 kW weight of the machine ca. 0,8 t Welding rotary tilting table - Remote control with cable - 2 x welding current transmission

Condition: good (used), Bosch Diffusion Welding Machine The system described here was designed for the following use: Diffusion welding machine for connecting the armature lead to the commutator of a starter armature using diffusion welding. Diffusion welding unit (also known as polymer diffusion welding unit, diffusion welding, copper soft welding unit, copper strip welding unit), consisting of a main machine and control system, PLC control, touchscreen operation. Process Description The workpiece carrier enters the station and is lifted. The alignment gripper picks up the armature from the workpiece carrier and aligns it according to the welding position. The loading gripper picks up the armature and places it in the welding chuck. The welding chuck moves with the armature into the welding position. The contacting unit and welding cylinder move together, and the first weld is performed. This process is repeated until the armature is completely welded. The welding chuck moves with the anchor into the transfer position, and the unloading gripper picks up the anchor and places it on the raised workpiece carrier. The workpiece carrier is lowered. Workpiece carriers with OK anchors continue on the conveyor system; NIO anchors are sent to the removal conveyor. At a welding machine, the OK anchors are marked with a color on the end face of the commutators using a stamping station. This allows for identification during the final inspection of which welding machine produced the anchor. ... Technical Data: Diffusion Welding Machine Energy Data: Frequency: 50 Hz Rated Power: approx. 11 kW Operating Voltage: 400 V / 3P Control Voltage: 24 V Rated Current: 20 A Fuse: 35 A Water: Inlet pressure 4 bar, 15-23 °C, approx. 25 l/min Compressed Air, oil-free: min. 5 bar Temperature: 1000 °C at the tungsten electrodes Machine Dimensions without Control Cabinet Depth: 1800 mm Width: 3100 mm Height: 2700 mm Weight: 3000 kg Year of Manufacture: 2016 Bwjdpfx Aeg Icfpjbbsh Further items – new and used – can be found in our shop! International shipping costs on request!

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2015, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 273.526.15, continuous power: 9 kW (12.24 HP), For sale: industrial CNC machine for plasma sheet cutting, Messer Cutting Systems EasyTherm 3600, fully equipped for production cutting. Large working area, table dimensions 12,000 × 2,000 mm. The machine is fitted with 4 cutting heads (1 plasma, 3 oxy-fuel) mounted on the gantry. Equipped with exhaust system. Bsdpsyfuxqsfx Abbowh The machine is fully functional and can be inspected and tested in operation. Specifications: • Model: EasyTherm 3600 • Year of manufacture: 2015 • Working area: 12,000 × 2,000 mm • Control/CNC: GlobalControl-S (GC-S) • Machine No.: 273.526.15 • Power supply: 3×400V / 50Hz • Power: 9 kVA • Installed power: 9 kVA • Plasma cutting source: Kjellberg HiFocus 280i neo

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2023, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 21220, overall weight: 8,600 kg, total width: 4,000 mm, total height: 3,100 mm, total length: 9,400 mm, load capacity: 180 kg, The system consists of the following components: - YASKAWA Positioner V2-500D3 (Year of manufacture 2022, 466843-1-1) - LASO WP-SLK welding cell - YASKAWA GP180 industrial robot (Year of manufacture 2022, Serial no.: 6V22Y2842450001) - NIMAK multiCONTROL control cabinet with Bosch Rexroth PRC7300 (Year of manufacture 2023, Serial no.: 7261404217680) - RSP tool changer system - NIMAK spot welding gun LRN 300-650-R54-175-150-P2U-WR (Year of manufacture 2023, Machine no.: 2212–2129 N) - NIMAK spot welding gun CRN 300-650-R54-200-P2U-WL (Year of manufacture 2023, Machine no.: 2212–2128 N) - Weld gun cleaning station TECHNICAL DETAILS Positioner control: LASO industrial PC / Siemens S7 Bwsdpjyft Evefx Abboh Payload Yaskawa GP 180: 180 kg Net weight Yaskawa GP 180: 1,020 kg Yaskawa GP 180 controller: YRC1000 Yaskawa GP 180 teach pendant: +RM1 Rotary brush cleaning station: 2 pcs. 180 x 150 mm MACHINE DETAILS Dimensions & Weight Dimensions (L x W x H): 9,400 x 4,000 x 3,100 mm Total weight: 8,600 kg Type of input power: Alternating current (AC) Input voltage: 400 V Rated power: 138 kVA at 100% duty cycle Rated voltage: 400 V / 3 Ph / 50 Hz Cooling type: Water EQUIPMENT Servo rotary axis Swivel unit Penlink rotary unit LASO industrial PC / Siemens S7 controller Integrated pneumatic, coolant, and signal feedthroughs Safety enclosure

Condition: used, throat depth: 420 mm, nominal power at 50% duty cycle: 60 kVA, input voltage: 400 V, type of cooling: water, nominal power (apparent): 14 kVA, Spot welding machine type 8003 TECNA – for welding nuts and sheet metal – completely overhauled and inspected Rated voltage: 400V Rated power: 60kVA at 50% duty cycle Short-circuit current: 22kA Welding current: 17.6kA Fuse protection: 125A Throat depth: 420mm Electrode force: 470daN Cylinder with pre-stroke Total stroke: 80mm Double stroke: 60mm Electrode taper MK2 – new electrode holder Bwodpfx Ajh N Sd Uobbsh New 2-stage foot switch according to UVV All pneumatic and water hoses renewed Weight approx. 330kg - TE 180 with digital display of welding current, current rise, etc. - Main switch at control cabinet - Original documentation / operating manual available - Machine inspection with confirmation 02/2026 Demonstration and inspection by appointment, Commissioning and training at customer’s site available for an additional charge The unit is located in Dresden, near A17 A suitable cooling unit is always in stock – available at an additional cost ;-)

Condition: used, Stainless steel welding line MOD.70/120, made OLIMPIA 80 with tricathode welder & Seam bead roller & Orbital polishing Specifications: - Diameter : 35 – 120 mm - Thickness : 0.7 – 3.5 mm - Length : 3 – 6 m Tube diameter: 35 – 120 mm Thickness: 0,7 – 3,5 mm Tube length: 3 – 6 m Bwodpfx Abevtn H Tjbjh

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2005, Offer 24116 Bedpfx Aboyfnq Hebswh - Technical specifications: - Sheet thickness with spacer up to 160 mm - Standard bevel angles: 20°; 30°; 37.5°; 45° - Bevel angle with special stripper: 55° - Max. bevel length, steel 400 N/mm²: 15 mm - Max. bevel length, steel 600 N/mm²: 9 mm - Max. bevel length, steel 800 N/mm²: 6 mm - Pipe processing from 30 mm inner diameter - Internal cut-outs from a diameter of 160 mm - Working speed approx. 1.5 m/min - Stroke rate approx. 250 1/min - Drive 400 V / 2000 Watts - Required space approx. W 550 x D 200 x H 300 mm - Weight approx. 19 kg - Wall mount included

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2023, operating hours: 10 h, functionality: fully functional, The machine is hardly used and fully functional. Bwodpeyfnd Hsfx Abbeh

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1985, Weight: approx. 3000 kg Dimensions: approx. 3700 x 2000 x 1600 mm Bsdpfsvvi Ttjx Abbowh Storage location: Nattheim

Condition: used, Precise angles and mitres from 0° to 46°, with digital display for angle indication Bwedpfx Abswhzg Ujbeh Location: Nattheim

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, functionality: fully functional, suction capacity: 1,100 m³/h, Welding Fume Extraction, Dust Extraction, Self-Cleaning, Pneumatic with Vacuum Filter. This unit is designed for the extraction and purification of dry dust generated during welding, grinding, polishing, casting, and cutting of metals and plastics. It features a three-stage filtration system with integrated primary filter element regeneration. Contaminated air passes through a metal pre-filter (spark arrestor), a main filter cartridge, and a discharge filter made from activated carbon-impregnated fleece. The regeneration of the main filter element, which utilizes compressed air to clean the filter cartridge from accumulated contaminants, is equipped with its own 10-liter compressed air tank. The unit is recommended for applications requiring continuous extraction and filtration of airborne pollutants. Extraction arms with a reach of 3 or 4 meters are recommended as accessories. The illustrated EC model is characterized by the following features: - Fan with brushless EC motor and 0.78 kW inverter, sound-insulated Bodenabuzepfx Abbewh - Advanced next-generation EC motor design – ensures energy efficiency, precise speed control, and quiet operation - Reliable induction motor – robust and reliable solution that guarantees high performance and trouble-free operation even under demanding conditions Maximum Capacity: 1,100 m³/h Automatic filter cartridge cleaning Self-supporting extraction arm (L = 3.0 m, d = 160 mm, hood diameter 315 mm) Three filtration stages: • Coarse pre-filter (30% metal content, G2) • Main cartridge filter with 99% separation efficiency for particles ≥ 0.5 µm • Coarse final filter (70% activated carbon, G4) PTFE membrane filter (filter class F9) Coarse dust container below pre-filter Grid and dust container below main filter Welded steel enclosure with powder coating Noise level: 64 dB(A) Various configurations available to meet customer requirements. Applications: - Welding shops - Metalworking industry - Grinding and polishing stations - Plastics processing and machining This unit is ideal for environments that require constant and effective filtration of dry dust from the air. Made in Poland. The listed price applies to the model shown. Machine warranty: 12 months

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2022, Stierli- ROTATOR 600 / 6 to 360° turning device for fast and safe turning and rotating of beams, profiles and welding components. Use for welding, plastering, fast welding visual inspection, as assembly turning device etc.... Capacity: 6 tons Swing circle diameter: 600mm (e.g. beam HEB 600) Bwedpfjgqgb Ujx Abboh Length of parts: freely selectable (stands are freely positionable by means of hand pallet truck) Adjustment of working height: Steplessly adjustable The Stierli rotator was developed to turn heavy and large loads such as beams and welded constructions quickly and safely without a crane. This saves you a lot of working time and increases productivity. This welding positioner or welding manipulator works as a lifting turning device with reliable chains. The turning device is not only used for beam welding, but other cross sections can also be turned with it, such as the use as a pipe turning device. Loading is impressively simple with the overhead crane, or by means of forklift loading. The rotator can be brought into position very easily with the hand pallet truck, whereby the distance between the uprights of this welding device is freely selectable.

Condition: ready for operation (used), PE-KPE pipe welding machine, butt fusion machine, plastic pipe welder, mirror fusion machine, DYTRON ST 160, Used machine Manufacturer: DYTRON Model: ST 160 Overall dimensions: Length: 1000 mm Width: 530 mm Height: 1160 mm Electrical data: 230 V DYTRON – Welding Bench ST-160 The ST 160 welding bench is designed for socket and mirror welding of thermoplastic pipes. It supports: Mirror (butt) welding: 40 – 160 mm diameter Socket welding: 40 – 110 mm diameter To facilitate mirror welding, the set includes: Special mobile workbench Electric pipe planer POLYS P-4a welding unit (1200 W) Clamp inserts in sizes: d40, 50, 63, 75, 90, 110, 125, 140 mm Welding pair sets: d40, 50, 63, 75, 90, 110 mm Vise-style clamping mechanism for fittings Mirror insert: d170 Metal case for accessories Support stand Allen keys: 4 mm and 8 mm The ST-160 welding bench is equipped with a microprocessor-controlled welding unit. The standard set also includes a special workbench and a metal case with accessories. ST-160 Technical Specifications Feature Specification Socket welding range 40 – 110 mm Mirror (butt) welding range 40 – 160 mm Bsdpoxnqt Ujfx Abbowh Welding unit power 1200 W Planer power 630 W Power supply 230 V / 115 V Temperature control Electronic regulator Temperature range 180 – 280 °C Temperature indicator LED diode Planer Electric Weight 70 kg

Condition: excellent (used), Catalogue number 7733 TECHNICAL DATA - Belt width: 150mm - Oscillation - Vertical oscillation movement - 2 rotation speeds - Work table: 1180x370mm - Work table adjustment: up/down, front/back and at an angle - Motor: 3kW - Platen - for precise grinding - With fan - Effective sanding length on belt: 700mm - Top/bottom milling cutters for edge chamfering - Extraction port diameter: 70mm - Dimensions (L/W/H): 1550/1400/1300mm Bedpfxjya Hm Ne Abbswh - Weight: 490kg ADVANTAGES – with oscillation – with platen – with fan – includes milling cutters for edge processing/chamfering – for both curvilinear and straight sanding – unpainted – used machine, in very good condition Net price: 7500 PLN Net price: 1780 EUR (based on exchange rate 4.2 EUR) (Prices may vary with greater rate fluctuations)

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2022, Knapp angled roller conveyor accumulation 2430-510-450 RA2380 Make: Knapp Running direction: both directions Roller width (RB): 450 mm Nominal/outer width (NB): 540 mm Length: 2430 mm Roller diameter: 50 mm Roller distance: 60 mm Stowage area length: 540 mm Roller angle: 7.6° Height frame: 90 mm Motor Roller conveyors: Interroll EC300 24V Conveyor speed: freely adjustable up to 1,25m/s with Interroll EC300 Motor Scope of delivery: without supports, Light barrier included Optionally available: Supports Side guides Bwsdpfx Abev I Hqtjbsh Prices net plus VAT ex central warehouse Dr. Sonntag GmbH & Co KG, 97076 Würzburg For individual, expert advice, simply get in touch with us. Simply contact us by phone or email. We will be happy to help you plan and implement your projects. We look forward to hearing from you. With kind regards Your team at Dr. Sonntag GmbH & Co. KG Your specialist and contact for intralogistics

Condition: used, - Rated power at 50% duty cycle: 25 kVA - Max. welding power: 107 kVA - Electrode force: 17 - 278 daN Bwjdpfx Abeydrbmobsh - Weight: approx. 240 kg

Condition: used, - Type PL 40-2 - Rated power at 50% duty cycle: 40 kVA Bsdpjydracjfx Abbswh - Max. welding power: 118 kVA - Electrode force: 65 - 390 daN - Weight: approx. 315 kg - Cooling water quantity: 4 l

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2010, functionality: fully functional, conveyor belt length: 3,350 mm, conveyor belt width: 290 mm, conveyor belt speed: 30 mm/s, total length: 2,450 mm, total width: 650 mm, total height: 2,250 mm, overall weight: 125 kg, discharge height: 2,200 mm, power: 0.18 kW (0.24 HP), Equipment: emergency stop, type plate available, TAF item number: 1000005841 Manufacturer: Trio-Technik Year of manufacture: 2010 Overall dimensions (LxWxH) in mm: 3,400 x 650 x 1,860 Width incl. side wall in mm: 380 Width incl. drive in mm: 550 Side wall height in mm: 200 Conveyor length, total in mm: 3,800 Conveyor length, horizontal in mm: 1,500 Conveyor length, vertical in mm: 2,300 Conveyor width in mm: 290 Belt type: Plastic slats / link chain belt Bjdpfxsxyk Eho Abbjwh Belt width in mm: 300 Treads (height of treads/tread pitch) in mm: 50 / 36 Substructure: Rollable / height-adjustable Sliding surface: Steel Inlet height in mm: max: 200 min: 140 Outlet height in mm: max: 1,780 min: 1,720 Drive: head drive Motor type: angular gear motor Motor data: 50/50 Hz, 0.18/0.21 KW, 460/400 V Conveyor speed in m/s: 0.035 Net weight in kg: 140 Special features: Programmable cycle control / emergency stop, tunnel partially damaged Condition: used / fully functional Function test: OK

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2007, functionality: fully functional, conveyor belt length: 3,300 mm, conveyor belt width: 285 mm, conveyor belt speed: 65 mm/s, total length: 2,900 mm, total width: 420 mm, total height: 2,150 mm, overall weight: 100 kg, TAF item number: 1000005827 Manufacturer: Fimatech Year of manufacture: 2007 Overall dimensions (LxWxH) in mm: 2,900 x 420 x 2,150 Width incl. side panel in mm: 330 Width incl. drive in mm: 360 Side height in mm: 250 Conveyor length, total in mm: 3,300 Conveyor length, horizontal in mm: 1,200 Conveyor length, vertical in mm: 2,100 Conveyor width in mm: 285 Belt type: Plastic slats / link chain belt Belt width in mm: 300 Treads (height of treads/tread pitch) in mm: 50 / 320 Substructure: Rollable Sliding surface: Steel Inlet height in mm: 340 Bodpfx Absx Dm Rbebjwh Outlet height in mm: Drive: Head drive Motor type: Panasonic Motor data: 50 Hz, 400 W, 0.12 A Conveyor speed in m/s: 0.065 Net weight in kg: 100 Special features: Including cycle control Condition: Used / fully functional Function test: OK

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2014, functionality: fully functional, conveyor belt length: 2,510 mm, conveyor belt width: 415 mm, conveyor belt speed: 60 mm/s, total length: 2,040 mm, total width: 660 mm, total height: 1,265 mm, overall weight: 110 kg, discharge height: 575 mm, power: 0.12 kW (0.16 HP), TAF item number: 1000005779 Manufacturer: Amboss + Langbein Year of manufacture: 2014 Overall dimensions (LxWxH) in mm: 2,040 x 660 x 1,265 Width incl. side panel in mm: 790 Width incl. drive in mm: 660 Side height in mm: 220 Conveyor length, total in mm: 2,510 Conveyor length, horizontal in mm: 1,310 Conveyor length, vertical in mm: 1,200 Conveyor width in mm: 415 Belt type: Plastic hinged plate belt and plastic cleats Belt width in mm: 430 Cleats (cleat height/cleat spacing) in mm: 30 / 485 Substructure: Rollable / height-adjustable Sliding surface: steel Inlet height in mm: max: 575 min: 325 Outlet height in mm: max: 1,460 min: 1,210 Drive: head drive Motor type: gear motor, TPG3A4N Motor data: 0.12 KW Bwjdpextaauefx Abbeh Conveyor speed in m/s: 0.06 Net weight in kg: 110 Special features: Includes cycle control, continuous operation possible, automatic stop in case of belt blockage Condition: used / fully functional Function test: OK

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2013, functionality: fully functional, conveyor belt length: 9,050 mm, conveyor belt width: 600 mm, conveyor belt speed: 170 mm/s, total length: 8,450 mm, total width: 1,000 mm, total height: 1,600 mm, discharge height: 1,700 mm, power: 0.37 kW (0.50 HP), TAF item number: 100000554 Manufacturer: FRASCH Year of manufacture: 2013 Overall dimensions (LxWxH) in mm: 8,450 x 1,000 x 1,600 Width incl. side panel in mm: 800 Width incl. drive in mm: 1,000 Side height in mm: 100 Conveyor length, total in mm: 9,050 Conveyor length, horizontal in mm: 6,950 Conveyor length, vertical in mm: 2,100 Conveyor width in mm: 600 Belt type: cleated belt Belt width in mm: 700 Cleats (cleat height/cleat spacing) in mm: 50 / 520 Substructure: fixed supports, height-adjustable Sliding surface: steel Inlet height in mm: max: - min: - Outlet height in mm: max: 1,700 min: 1,500 Drive: Head drive Motor type: Gear motor Motor data: SEW 0.37 kW Conveyor speed in m/s: 0.17 m/s Net weight in kg: Special features: Some cleats are bent or slightly damaged Bwedpoxf Iukefx Abbjh Condition: Used, fully functional Function test: OK

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2016, functionality: fully functional, conveyor belt length: 7,200 mm, conveyor belt width: 600 mm, conveyor belt speed: 170 mm/s, total length: 7,200 mm, total width: 1,000 mm, total height: 1,650 mm, overall weight: 400 kg, discharge height: 1,550 mm, power: 0.37 kW (0.50 HP), Equipment: type plate available, TAF item number: 1000004902 Manufacturer: Frasch Year of manufacture: 2016 Overall dimensions (LxWxH) in mm: 7,200 x 1,000 x 1,650 Width incl. side panel in mm: 800 Width incl. drive in mm: 1,000 Bwjdpfx Abswm I I Njboh Side height in mm: 120 Total conveyor length in mm: 7,200 Conveyor length, horizontal in mm: 5,200 Conveyor length, vertical in mm: 2,050 Conveyor width in mm: 600 Belt type: cleated belt Belt width in mm: 700 Cleats (cleat height/cleat pitch) in mm: 50 / 510 Substructure: fixed supports, height-adjustable Sliding surface: sheet metal Inlet height in mm: max: 200 Outlet height in mm: max: 1,550, min: 1,450 Drive: head drive Motor type: Gear motor Motor data: SEW 0.37 kW Conveyor speed in m/s: 0.17 Net weight in kg: 400 Condition: Used / fully functional Function test: OK

Year of construction: 2002, condition: ready for operation (used), A Deuzer Maschinen & Automationstechnik welding positioner is available. Load center range: 200mm-1400mm, max. faceplate torque: 10000Nm, max. load capacity: 10000kg, max. load capacity at highest load center (1400mm): 2000kg. An on-site inspection is possible. Bwjdpfx Asxfbcuobboh

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2023, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 282974, warranty duration: 6 months, Rehm Tiger 230 AC/DC Ultra is a high-end TIG welding power source designed for professional use. Manufactured by the German company Rehm, this unit offers both AC and DC modes, making it ideal for welding steel, stainless steel, and aluminum. The machine is in excellent working condition, having been regularly maintained and tested. We provide a 6-month warranty. It is ready for immediate deployment in industrial or workshop settings. ⚙️ Technical Specifications* Bodpfxsxuvb De Abbowh Model: Tiger 230 AC/DC Ultra Welding current range: approx. 5 – 230 A Supply voltage: 3~ 400 V, 50/60 Hz Modes: AC for aluminum/soft metals, DC for steel/stainless steel Processes: TIG Lift-Arc, Pulsed TIG, MMA/Stick (if option included) Duty cycle: e.g., 230 A (eta) 40% (check actual configuration) Control: Digital interface with memory programs and clear display Cooling: Air-cooled / optional water-cooled (depending on version) Weight: approx. 7.9 kg ✅ Key Features Excellent versatility — AC/DC capability for a wide range of materials. Digital controls and memory programming simplify setup and recurrent jobs. High build quality and reliability from Rehm. Ideal for workshops, fabrication, repair work, and production use. Used unit in strong condition — a great cost-efficient choice. 🎯 Applications Aluminum fabrication Stainless steel and steel construction Precision TIG welding in industrial, aerospace, or automotive sectors Repair and maintenance work

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2022, operating hours: 4 h, functionality: fully functional, type of input current: three-phase, total height: 960 mm, total width: 560 mm, total length: 1,040 mm, overall weight: 130 kg, warranty duration: 6 months, electrical fuse: 400 A, Equipment: documentation/manual, The equipment has been checked by an authorized service center and is ready for operation. Condition: Almost NEW (used 4h) Warranty of 6 months Model: EWM Titan XQ R 400 AC puls Welding current range: 20 – 400 A Duty cycle (40 °C): 400 A (eta) 100% Power supply: 3~ 400 V, 50/60 Hz Processes: MIG/MAG standard, pulse, double pulse, forceArc, rootArc, AC Arc TBI BRG-2-ES-DEA attachment for automatic cutting and nozzle cleaning. Wire diameters: Steel: 0.8 – 1.6 mm Aluminium: 1.0 – 1.6 mm Cooling: Water-cooled (integrated cooling unit) Efficiency: >90% Dimensions (L×W×H): approx. 960 × 560 × 1040 mm Weight: approx. 130 kg Robot Interface Equipped with robotic interface (digital/analog I/O and Fieldbus options). Compatible with major robot brands: ABB, KUKA, Fanuc, Yaskawa, Panasonic, Kawasaki, OTC. Full integration possible – process parameters controllable directly via robot controller. German quality – designed for continuous industrial use. AC/DC pulse technology for aluminium and non-ferrous metals. Large database of synergic programs for easy setup. High energy efficiency, reduced operating costs. Bwsdpfx Abjxdncxjbjh Ready for manual welding or complete robotic integration. Mobile trolley with 4 wheels for easy handling.