Used Machining Center Vertical for sale (70,979)

Condition: used, functionality: unexamined, machine/vehicle number: ML944E08, spindle speed (max.): 8,000 rpm, type of input current: three-phase, overall weight: 5,500 kg, input voltage: 400 V, CHEVALIER QP2033-L vertical machining center. The machine is available for inspection in Riga, Latvia. The machine is currently powered on and can be inspected by appointment. Isdezfgmxjpfx Aa Eeaw Additional photos and technical information are available upon request.

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, table length: 900 mm, table width: 450 mm, number of spindles: 1, spindle speed (min.): 8,000 rpm, table load: 500 kg, VMC 650 CNC machining center, milling machine with CNC system VMC 650 machining center is a multifunctional equipment that allows you to perform milling, drilling, thread cutting, and turning operations in automatic mode (if these options are available in the machine). The VMC 650 milling machine can have 16- or 24-position tool magazine. Depending on the customer's wishes, the milling machine can be equipped with a GSK, Siemens or Fanuc CNC system. It is possible to optionally add a Y-axis drive. As a very convenient additional option, we recommend installing a chip conveyor that will save you time when working with the equipment. Technical parameters: Worktable size 900x450mm Maximum workpiece weight 500 kg Movement along the axes X/Y/Z 800/450/500 mm Maximum distance from the spindle to the table surface 120-620 mm Motor power 5.5-7.5 kW Maximum spindle speed 8000 rpm Spindle type BT40 Positioning accuracy ±0.008/300 mm Repeatability ±0.005 mm Machine dimensions 300022752550 mm Machine weight 4000 kg It is also possible to supply CNC milling machines, machining centers with other table sizes: VMC 850 table 1000x500 mm VMC 855 table 1000x550 mm VMC 1060 table 1200x600 mm Isdpexc I Dgofx Aa Eeaw VMC 1160 table 1200x600 mm VMC 1275 table 1300x700 mm VMC 1370 table 1400x700 mm VMC 1580 table 1600x800 mm VMC 1680 table 1700x800 mm VMC 1890 table 2000x900 mm

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2011, operating hours: 5,000 h, machine/vehicle number: M344Z16201031AHC, travel distance X-axis: 2,032 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 660 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 610 mm, table load: 2,700 kg, spindle speed (max.): 12,000 rpm, The following repairs were carried out: Defective inverter identified and replaced Bearings in the Y-axis replaced; bearing set VTXZ Y-axis (5 pieces, 35x72) Rotary table adjusted Orientation adjusted TECHNICAL DETAILS Travel range X-axis: 2,032 mm Travel range Y-axis: 660 mm Travel range Z-axis: 610 mm Spindle speed: 12,000 rpm Spindle cooling: Internal cooling Rapid traverse rate X/Y/Z: 35 m/min Power: 18 kW Iajdpjzka Hiofx Aa Eow Tool holder: SK 40 Tool positions: 40 Tool diameter with full occupancy: 75 mm Maximum tool weight: 10 kg Maximum tool length: 300 mm Table load: 2,700 kg Table clamping area: 2,285 x 660 mm T-slots in the table according to DIN 650: 5 Slot width: 18 mm H8 Slot spacing: 125 mm Positional accuracy X, Y, Z: 0.02 mm Repeatability X, Y, Z: 0.01 mm MACHINE DETAILS Footprint W x D x H, doors open / with control / chip conveyor: 6,950 x 5,150 x 3,700 mm Transport weight: 20,000 kg Machine weight: 18,000 kg Operating hours Machine hours: 11,417 hours Spindle hours: approx. 5,000 hours Further technical data can be found in the attached documents.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2004, operating hours: 28,082 h, travel distance X-axis: 800 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 620 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 520 mm, controller model: Siemens 840 D, spindle speed (max.): 13,000 rpm, The control system (PCU 50) was replaced in March 2024! The machine spindle was replaced after approximately 5,500 operating hours! TECHNICAL DETAILS Travel range X-axis: 800 mm Travel range Y-axis: 620 mm Travel range Z-axis: 520 mm Spindle speed: 13,000 rpm Number of tool slots in the tool magazine: 30 MACHINE DETAILS Control system: Siemens 840 D Operating hours Control system operating hours: 60,150 h Machine operating hours: 56,860 h Spindle operating hours: 28,082 h Spindle replacement at: 5,500 h EQUIPMENT Tools 4th axis Hofmann RW/NC160 Oil mist extraction system Strip filter system with internal cooling, 20 bar, with dual switching filter Documentation: Hedelius + Siemens Sinumerik Iasdpfx Aszka Akoa Eew Infrared probe: Renishaw

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2023, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: PR721523001, travel distance X-axis: 1,300 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 650 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 600 mm, controller model: Heidenhain TNC-460, spindle speed (max.): 15,000 rpm, The new price of the machine was approximately €140,000 in 2023! No tools or a vise are included. However, these can be purchased separately upon request. TECHNICAL DETAILS Travel range X-axis: 1,300 mm Travel range Y-axis: 650 mm Travel range Z-axis: 600 mm Spindle speed: 15,000 rpm Main spindle servo motor Siemens: 20/53 kW Main spindle servo motor Fanuc: 15/30 kW Spindle taper: SK 40 Work table Table dimensions: 1,500 × 650 mm Table load: max. 1,200 kg T-slots: 18 × 5 × 100 mm Distance spindle to table surface: 150–750 mm Distance spindle center to Z-axis cover: 697 mm Rapid traverse X/Y axis: 36 m/min Rapid traverse Z axis: 36 m/min Working feed rate: max. 1–12,000 mm/min Feed motors X/Y/Z: 3.2/3.2/4.3 kW Torques of the feed motors X/Y/Z: 20/20/27 Nm Tool positions: 28 Tool length: max. 300 mm Tool diameter: max. 75 mm Tool diameter with free auxiliary positions: max. 125 mm Tool weight: max. 8 kg Tool change time: 1.6 s MACHINE DETAILS Control system: Heidenhain TNC-460 Accuracy without linear glass scales Positioning accuracy over the entire travel range: 0.012 mm Repeatability accuracy over the entire travel range: 0.008 mm Accuracy with linear glass scales Positioning accuracy over the entire travel range: 0.008 mm Repeatability accuracy over the entire travel range: 0.006 mm Cooling and power supply Coolant tank volume: 250 l Coolant flow rate: 40 l/min Mains voltage: 400 V ± 10 % Number of phases: 3 Mains frequency: 50 Hz Connected power: 85 kVA Dimensions and weight Dimensions (L × W × H): 4,025 × 3,090 × 3,185 mm Weight: 8,000 kg Iodpfszlh S Aox Aa Ejaw EQUIPMENT Direct drive Double-arm tool changer O-BLUM tool measuring system Lasercontrol NT O-BLUM workpiece measuring system TC50 Electronic handwheel (MPG) Thread drilling without compensation chuck USB interface CF card interface Ethernet interface HIWIN linear guides with roller guides in all axes HIWIN ball screws Directly driven main spindle NSK/FAG main spindle bearings Separate oil-air spindle cooling unit Fully enclosed tool changer for protection against chips Pneumatic intermediate tank for the tool changer as a backup in case of pressure drop Fully enclosed splash guard Separate air conditioning system for heat dissipation from the control cabinet Siemens electrical components Automatic, path- or time-controlled central lubrication system Kyarow telescopic covers in all axes Coolant system with adjustable nozzles as a coolant ring around the spindle Chip flushing system in the interior for optimal chip collection Spiral chip conveyor working in the Y-direction for removing chips from the machining area Rear chain chip conveyor

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2005, machine/vehicle number: 107.32.99.158, travel distance X-axis: 530 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 450 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 450 mm, controller model: Heidenhain iTNC 530, spindle speed (max.): 12,000 rpm, Re-auction due to buyer’s payment default! The machine spindle was replaced in July 2025! TECHNICAL DETAILS Travel range X-axis: 530 mm Travel range Y-axis: 450 mm Travel range Z-axis: 450 mm Rotary table Table diameter: 400 mm Table load capacity: 200 kg Swivel range: degrees Swivel speed: 20 rpm Rotational speed: 30 rpm Tool holder: SK40 Maximum speed: 12,000 rpm Recommended maximum working feed rate: 15 m/min Rapid traverse speed: 22 m/min Feed force X and Y/Z: 5,000 N Magazine capacity: 30 Maximum tool diameter: 90 mm Maximum tool length: 250 mm (manual 350 mm) Maximum tool weight: 6 kg MACHINE DETAILS Iaedpfx Ajziz Ncja Eow Control system: Heidenhain iTNC 530 with digital control Positional tolerance according to DIN/ISO 230-2/97: 0.008 mm Machine weight: 6,500 kg EQUIPMENT RENISHAW MP 12 measuring probe Blum tool monitoring system

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2002, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 008078, travel distance X-axis: 850 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 550 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 630 mm, controller model: Fanuc O-M, rotational speed (max.): 8,000 rpm, TECHNICAL DETAILS Travel range, X-axis: 850 mm Travel range, Y-axis: 550 mm Travel range, Z-axis: 630 mm Spindle mount: ISO40 Speed: 8,000 rpm Table surface area: 1,000 x 540 mm MACHINE DETAILS Control system: Fanuc O-M Tool changer magazine positions: 24 Weight: 5,500 kg Isdpfx Aezi D Rpsa Eoaw EQUIPMENT Electric handwheel Chip tray

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 1997, functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 1,000 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 750 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 750 mm, controller model: Heidenhain TNC426, rotational speed (max.): 12,000 rpm, No minimum price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! TECHNICAL DETAILS Travel range, X-axis: 1,000 mm Travel range, Y-axis: 750 mm Iaedpfszi D Rcex Aa Eew Travel range, Z-axis: 750 mm Table size: 1,150 x 700 mm Tool shank: SK40 Spindle speed range: 12,000 rpm MACHINE DETAILS Control system: Heidenhain TNC426 Machine weight approx.: 10,500 kg EQUIPMENT 30-position tool changer Electronic handwheel Chip conveyor Coolant system

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 1997, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 179, travel distance X-axis: 510 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 510 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 510 mm, controller model: MSC 803, rotational speed (max.): 8,000 rpm, No minimum price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! TECHNICAL DETAILS Travel range, X-axis: 510 mm Travel range, Y-axis: 510 mm Travel range, Z-axis: 510 mm Table size: 750 x 550 mm Spindle speed range: 8,000 rpm Spindle mounting: BT40 MACHINE DETAILS Control system: MSC 803 Isdpfx Aajzi D E Te Eoaw Weight: 4,500 kg EQUIPMENT 25-position tool changer Coolant system

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2015, functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 600 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 400 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 500 mm, controller model: Mitsubishi M70, spindle speed (max.): 12,000 rpm, TECHNICAL DETAILS Travel range, X-axis: 600 mm Travel range, Y-axis: 400 mm Travel range, Z-axis: 500 mm Spindle mounting: SK40 Spindle speed: 12,000 rpm Spindle drive power: 7.5 kW Table clamping area: 2x 700x400 mm MACHINE DETAILS Control system: Mitsubishi M70 Tool changer magazine slots: 24 Weight: 6,600 kg Isdezi D Emjpfx Aa Eeaw EQUIPMENT Pallet changer 4th axis (rotary table) 24-tool automatic tool changer IKZ (integrated coolant supply) Chip conveyor

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2004, operating hours: 77,374 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 419-01, travel distance X-axis: 6,000 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 630 mm, controller model: Siemens 840D, spindle speed (max.): 12,000 rpm, The machine spindle was replaced in 2021 (spindle operating hours approx. 7,300 h)! The machine underwent a general overhaul in 2013! The machine has been continuously maintained and repaired annually by the manufacturer, and kept up to date with the latest technology (preventive maintenance). The last maintenance was carried out in January 2024. TECHNICAL DETAILS Travel distance X-axis: 6,000 mm Travel distance Y-axis: 630 mm Spindle speed: 12,000 rpm Spindle torque: 140 Nm Rapid traverse rate in X/Y/Z: 60 m/min Chip-to-chip time vertical: 3.0 sec. (3.3 sec. DIN) Chip-to-chip time horizontal: 4.7 sec. (5.0 sec. DIN) MACHINE DETAILS Iodpfx Aaezlnm Ho Esaw Control system: Siemens 840D Type of power supply: 3/N/PE Mains frequency: 50/60 Hz Operating voltage: 400 V Control voltage: 220/24 V Connected load: 52 kVA Rated current: 75 A Fuse rating: 80 A Weight: 19,500 kg Operating hours: 77,374 h EQUIPMENT 5-axis milling package Scraper belt conveyor, discharge height: 1,050 mm Coolant-through-spindle (CTS) preparation Vacuum rotary filter KNOLL VRF250 (steel, cast iron, aluminum, plastic, brass) High pressure 70 bar with HD pump and variable valve Cooling nozzle per oscillating table Emulsion mist extraction, 2 extraction fans at 800 m³/h each Rotating viewing window on the left and right (1,400 mm from the center of the machine) Automatic loading doors Center partition for oscillating machining 92 tool positions HSK-A63 (rear magazine) Compressed air blow Tool life monitoring Additional V24 RS232 in the control cabinet BDE/MDE interface (status: machine on, machine running, piece counter) Marposs (Brankamp) collision monitoring CMS100 3D machine model for kinematic simulation in the CAM programming system Hydraulic unit 210 bar, 2 clamping circuits, separate system clamping pressure per oscillating table, clamping pressure control Linear clamping system KOHN 8 hydraulic clamping blocks KOHN Multi 2000 MFS 125/680 HD Two-part grating platform for the operator across the entire operating width of 6,000 mm

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2005, functionality: fully functional, Cotrol system Fanuc 21iB. Probe Marposs T36. X ... 1200 mm Y ... 600 mm Z ... 640 mm Table ... 1300x620 mm Max. table loading ... 800 kg Taper in spindle ... ISO 40 Spindle revolutions ... 50 - 8000 rpm Number of tools in tool changer ... 24 ks Isdpfxjyk D R Tj Aa Ejaw Machine dimensions ... 2001 x 3641 x 3158 mm Weight ... 7000 kg

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2012, Machine in very good condition, worked very little. Spindle Taper #40 Spindle RPM 8000 Tool Magazine 16 Table Length 750 mm Table Width 400 mm X Travel 610 mm Y Travel 400 mm Z Travel 460 mm Ijdpfozf Aq Hjx Aa Esaw Multi-Axis 3 Control FANUC

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2004, operating hours: 6,900 h, functionality: fully functional, Controller: ULTIMAX4 DSM with LCD screens Ijdpfozmhy Ajx Aa Ejaw Table dimensions: 762 x 355 mm X-axis travel: 660 mm Y-axis travel: 355 mm Z-axis travel: 455 mm Spindle speed: 10 – 10000 rpm Spindle taper: SK40 Tool changer: 16-station Main drive power: 11 / 9.4 kW Machine weight: 2800 kg Machine dimensions: 1800 x 1600 x 2500 mm Accessories: - Software version 2.37 with English user interface - Software options: Rigid tapping, Pockets/Islands, AVC, Helical/Ramp, ULTINET (Network) - Coolant system - Signal lamp - USB interface - Portable electronic handwheel - Machine feet The machine is in good used condition. Still under power. It is being sold due to company liquidation.

Condition: refurbished (used), functionality: fully functional, 5-axis HSC milling machine Röders RXP500DS with linear direct drives in all axes and torque drives in the rotary axes. The machine will be completely overhauled, inspected, and measured in our workshop. The machine will once again meet new machine tolerances! Travel ranges: X450mm, Y400mm, Z240mm Distance spindle/table: approx. 315mm - Linear direct drives in all axes - wear-free - Tool changer, 42-position - Cooling unit for drives, milling spindle, and control cabinet - Measuring laser for fully automatic measurement of milling tools (length/diameter/contour/taper angle) as well as wear monitoring including tool cleaning before measurement - Handbox - Remote maintenance - Automatic 3D probe including calibration sphere in the tool changer Iajdpfx Aaozmgt Is Eow - Minimum quantity lubrication - Emulsion cooling - Spindle HSK40E with max. 42,000 rpm - Spindle length compensation - Zero-point clamping system EROWA integrated into the machine table - Manual chuck control - Automation RC2 pallet changer for 45 Erowa ITS50 pallets - ideal for the production of electrodes An inspection of the machine in operational condition is possible at any time. You can also find information about the type and scope of our overhauled machines on our website or on our Hüttmann YouTube channel.

Condition: excellent (used), Working travels 1020 x 530 x 560 mm Table size 1200 x 500 mm Spindle taper BT40 Spindle speeds -12'000 rpm Tool changer 32 Pos. Iedpfx Aozmdd Dea Ejaw Control FANUC 0i-MC With cooling through spindle With chip conveyor Misc.accessories MARCELS MASCHINEN CH

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2018, used vertical CNC machining center Manufacturer: Biesse Type: Skipper V31 Year of manufacture: 2018 automatic positioning of the chuck pre-positioning and zero-point detection via photoelectric cell work tables with air cushions pressure rollers and vertical pressure device optional: infeed and outfeed devices working area X 200 – 3200 mm working area Y 70 – 900 mm working area Z 10 – 00 mm working unit BH17 with: - vertical drilling spindles 10 pcs. - horizontal drilling spindles in X 4 pcs. - horizontal drilling spindles in Y 2 pcs. Ijdpezl Aqasfx Aa Esaw - groove saw 120mm diameter in X direction - milling spindle 4.5 kW workpiece clamping system Control/Software Biesse Works Delivery includes all tools and HSK tool holders shown in the pictures!

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2002, functionality: fully functional, The machining center has been inspected by a Hurco technician and found to be fully operational without any faults. Technical Data Iodpsx Iikbsfx Aa Eeaw - Travel ranges: X 1,270 mm, Y 600 mm, Z 610 mm - Drive power: 30 kW - Spindle speed: 15,000 rpm - Spindle taper: SK 40 Type B - Feed rate: up to 23 m/min Work Table: - Dimensions: 1,500 mm x 660 mm - Max. workpiece weight: 1,300 kg Control: - Hurco Ultimax 4, incl. software for milling simulation - electronic hand control unit - Interfaces: RS 232C / V24 - 2 monitors for text and graphics processing - 2 software units for plain text and ISO programming Machine Construction: - High rigidity, suitable for roughing operations Tool Changer: - Double-arm changer with 24 stations Equipment: - Cooling unit for milling spindle - Rinsing system for chip removal - Splash guard cabin - Coolant system with filtration - Internal coolant supply ICS 20 bar - Chip conveyor Machine Data: - Required space (without service areas!) LxWxH approx. 4,750 mm x 3,120 mm x 2,950 mm - Weight approx. 9,000 kg - Connected load 50 kVA, 400V, 50/60 Hz An inspection of the machine is possible by appointment. All tools and operating materials visible in the photos are not included in the scope of delivery. Technical changes and errors excepted.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1998, functionality: fully functional, Control system: Brother CNC 820 Country of origin: Japan CNC machining center, vertical including 4+5 axis LEHMANN EA-410.3A, year of manufacture 1996 X-axis travel: 480 mm Y-axis travel: 360 mm Z-axis travel: 270 mm Main spindle: 6 - 6,000 rpm Tool holder: SK 30 Table clamping area: 600 x 300 mm Number of tool positions: 14 Tool change time: 1.2 sec Total power consumption: 9 kVA Machine weight, approx.: 1.8 t Space requirement, approx.: 2.5 x 2.5 x 2.5 m Accessories: Documentation Coolant system Isdpjzlt Ucefx Aa Eoaw

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2018, Hartford LG-500 Vertical Machining Centre Year: 2018 (only 400 working hours) Model: LG-500 Iajdpfx Aewif R Toa Ejw Control: Hartford Plus 3 Table Size: 620 x 420mm Table Load: 300 kgs Axis Travels X/Y/Z: 620 / 420 / 450mm Spindle Nose to table: 100 – 550mm Spindle Taper: 40 INT Spindle Speeds: 12,000 RPM 12 station ATC Machine as new

Condition: good (used), TOS CNC CONSOLE MILLING MACHINE WITH CNC CONTROL HEIDENHAIN TNC310 TYPE: FV30 MACHINE NO.: 203300233 YEAR OF MANUFACTURE: 1998 Iodjzlg Nyepfx Aa Esaw Technical Data: Longitudinal travel – X-axis: 760 mm Transverse travel – Y-axis: 381 mm Vertical travel of the quill – Z-axis: 152 mm Vertical travel of the console: 450 mm Table size: 305 x 1300 mm Max. workpiece weight: 360 kg Spindle mounting: ISO40, DIN 69871 A Speed range: continuously variable 100-4000 rpm Drive power: 5.5 kW (7.5 kW / 5 min.) Weight: 2700 kg Equipment:  CNC path control HEIDENHAIN TNC310  electronic handwheel  pneumatic tool programming  automatic central lubrication for guides and ball screws  coolant system, capacity 42 l  machine light  various tool holders  standard accessories  documentation  CE conformity

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2004, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 29130000062, travel distance X-axis: 700 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 400 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 600 mm, rapid traverse X-axis: 90 m/min, rapid traverse Y-axis: 90 m/min, rapid traverse Z-axis: 90 m/min, feed length X-axis: 90,000 mm, feed length Y-axis: 90,000 mm, feed length Z-axis: 90,000 mm, nominal power (apparent): 73 kVA, controller manufacturer: HEIDENHAIN, controller model: ITNC 530, total height: 2,600 mm, total length: 4,000 mm, total width: 3,500 mm, table width: 650 mm, table length: 950 mm, overall weight: 10,000 kg, spindle speed (max.): 18,000 rpm, number of slots in tool magazine: 30, input voltage: 400 V, input current: 125 A, DECKEL MAHO DMC 75 V LINEAR CNC Vertical Machining Center - Frequency: 50/60 Hz - Tool holder: HSK 63 - Table with six slots and a GARANT zero-point clamping plate, plate dimensions: 360 x 360 mm - Including 3D measuring probe - Including chip conveyor Note: The machine can be transported on a truck up to 3000 mm wide! Note: The item must be picked up between September 8th and 10th, 2026, on a date to be confirmed. Isdpfx Aaozld Nqs Ejaw FCA D-63128 Dietzenbach - loaded onto a truck.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2020, Brother C-00 control system Travel ranges X/Y/Z: 650 x 400 x 435 mm Dual pallet changer, 800 x 400 mm Spindle speed: 16,000 rpm Tool magazine for 40 tools, BT 30 Coolant pressure: 70 bar 3D measuring probe, OMP 40 Electronic handwheel Chip conveyor Iajdpfxszlb Ecs Aa Eew

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2007, x-travel 1350 mm Iasdezlb Dfjpfx Aa Esw y-travel 560 mm z-travel 510 mm Control Heidenhain iTNC 530 total power requirement 13 kW weight of the machine ca. 5 t

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 1997, CNC milling machine, HURCO BMC 30 M, year of manufacture 1997 Control system: ULTIMAX 3 Dialog Travel distances: X 762 mm, Y 458 mm, Z 610 mm Table: 500 x 1000 mm Spindle speed: up to 8000 rpm Spindle mounting: SK40 Iaedpfx Aaszlbyto Esw Tool magazine: 24 positions with 24 tool holders Coolant system and vacuum clamping table. The machine was used for milling plastics. Machine is ready for use, machine documentation is available.