Used Punches And Dies for sale (8,219)

Condition: good (used), machine/vehicle number: 110283-110155, Year of construction: 2012, AUTOMATIC LINEAR HANDLE APPLICATOR MACHINE MANUFACTURER AND&OR MODEL 50SIA3000R&P2 SERIAL 110283-110155 YEAR 03/2012 CAPACITY 3000 Bph Included: * Bunker for handles & tranportation convejor * Handle side rejection system OMRON ALSO FOR SALE : TRINE T4400 Labelling machine €17,800 with HOT MELT glue. S/N: 032M44045 Labelling speeds: 60 to 350 cpm USED Wrap around labeller used for PET bottles. Hedpfx Ajquuv Isgtefl Used with 0.33 / 0.5L / 1.5L Volume

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2021, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: A/18031, SCHULER - MSP2-800- 4,5x1,8-400 Kapasite: 800 ton Hava Tüketimi: 30 m³/saat Güç: 296 kW Üst Tabla Ebatları: 4500 mm x 1700 mm Alt Tabla Ebatları: 4500 mm x 1800 mm Pres Yükseklik: 7,5 m Pres En: 6,50 m Pres Genişlik: 4,50 m Hsdpfezxqz Tox Agtefl Dakikadaki Vuruş Sayısı(maksimum): 70 spm Çalışma Reglajı: 300 Kurs Değeri: 80-360 Used machine

Year of construction: 2011, condition: ready for operation (used), A Trumpf CNC punching machine is offered. Max. punching force: 180kN, working range X/Y: 2500mm/1250mm, max. sheet thickness: 6.4mm, max. workpiece weight: 160kg, max. punching diameter: 76.2mm, axis speed: approx. 100m/s, max. punching stroke rate: approx. 1000 strokes/min, max. marking stroke rate: approx. 2500 strokes/min, tool magazine: 18, clamps: 2, max. part size X/Y: 500mm/500mm, operating hours: 22146h. Including tool cassettes, various punches and dies, a MultiTool, and Easy Type. Weight: approx. 9.8t, machine dimensions X/Y/Z: approx. 6500mm/6203mm/2252mm. Documentation available. An on-site inspection is possible. Hfedpszpyygsfx Agtsl

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1984, Punch power 400 kN table surface area ca. 1250 x 700 mm Hfodpfx Aevb I Imegtjl throat 500 mm hole punching press: capacity (dia. x thick.) 100 x 3 mm hole punching press: capacity (dia. x thick.) 75 x 4 mm hole punching press: capacity (dia. x thick.) 30 x 10 mm x-travel 700 mm y-travel 470 mm total power requirement 4 kVA weight of the machine ca. 2 t dimensions of machine L x W x H 1,50 x 1,72 x 2,00 m Accessories: tool cabinet with various punches and dies

Condition: refurbished (used), Year of construction: 2026, Pellet Press for Sale Hjdpozq E Avjfx Agtsfl Manufacturer - General Dies Engine Power - 200 Kw Capacity - 2,2 t/h Year - 2014 / 2026 Reconditioned

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2024, operating hours: 490 h, functionality: fully functional, input voltage: 400 V, type of input current: three-phase, COMPLETE MINERAL MASTERBATCH PRODUCTION LINE – PELLETIZING PROCESS High-concentration mineral masterbatch • Turnkey industrial installation • Spain ASKING PRICE: XX.XXX + VAT | COMPLETE LINE ONLY A complete production solution Complete industrial installation designed for the production of highly concentrated mineral masterbatch. The line integrates raw material handling, weighing/dosing, high-speed mixing, conveying, pelletizing, screening, and bagging into a single, coordinated system. The equipment is offered as one complete lot, dismantled and available for relocation. Capacity Approx. 750–850 kg/h* Operating hours Maximum 490 h Mixer 500 L / 300 L usable / 75 kW Pelletizer 350 mm / 37 kW Automation Siemens S7-1200 PLC Power supply Includes 200 kVA Perkins generator Integrated process RAW MATERIAL FEEDING → AUTOMATIC WEIGHING/DOSING → HIGH-SPEED MIXING → TRANSFER → PELLETIZING → SCREENING → BAGGING Hedpez Aibajfx Agtefl Why this line is attractive • Complete and integrated: avoids the engineering and integration work involved in sourcing the equipment individually. • Very low operating hours: maximum recorded operating time is 490 h. • Industrial-scale mixing: 500 L mixer with 75 kW drive and variable-speed control. • Automated dosing and control: Siemens S7-1200 PLC architecture with weighing and recipe-management functions. • Relocatable asset: installation is offered dismantled, making it suitable for transfer to another industrial site. *Capacity is an approximate figure based on the installation configuration and intended application; actual throughput depends on formulation, operating conditions, and product specification.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2016, Ref:11127 . 2016 SCS Automaberg Trim & Perf Die-cut, Trim, Split, Cut, Perforate, Punch System, handling any material. Recently serviced (at a cost of £5k). A highly versatile and productive line which is a genuine “ALL-IN-ONE” solution for finishing operations. The line can include different workstations for multiple tasks and process optimization. The combination of TRIM & PERF with complementary modules offers high quality products combined with reliability, allowing the needs of digital systems to be met, as well as those for binding, in particular, the production of products for single and multi-up work IN A SINGLE PASS. Features: Easily moveable. In-feed belt height adjustable for easy connection with upstream machines. A simple push button transforms TRIM & PERF into a regular conveyor belt, no bypass or similar equipment needed. ‘CONTINUOUS FEEDER’ Top loading, bottom feeding, rubber belt type feeder for single or folded sheets, saddle stitched products and perfect bound books. ‘3 WAY’ This module allows perfect alignment of digital sheets to a print reference mark. ‘GRIPPER’ Electronic system for pass die-cutting: reduces machine set-up times and overlaying, allows a high level of product repeatability and reduces costs of American style dinking dies. Waste ejection system allows for die cutting without waste, clean shape products. ‘THERMO STICK’ holds some sheets together on the ink reference sides by ‘thermo’ welding - improving the die cutting process. ‘PRE-CUT DEVICE’ Perfect 'spine' cutting system up to 14 mm thickness. ‘TEAR OFF - PULL AWAY’ The system pulls away mingled perforation sheets in preparation for the sewing step. ‘SIMPLE DECK’ Collects cards in series after die cutting. Hjdpfxozmx Sce Agtofl ‘EXIT BELT’ Shingle delivery belt with batch counter. DIE CUTTING No nicks! Connections between the cut product and the waste are not required. Automatic waste ejection. 'Clean' shapes ready to be packed. TRIMMING-SPLITTING Superior quality in splitting and trimming - also for very small dimensions. ROUND CORNER CUTTING Cutting including all four corners in a single pass. PERFORATING PUNCHING Combined perforating-punching jobs in a single pass to optimize production process efficiency. IDEAL FOR:- Flat cardboard, also laminated up to 2 mm thickness, and on plastic material up to 1 mm thickness. Folded and stitched product die cut without waste. Pre-cut device for perfect spine cutting up to 14 mm thickness. Standard corner radii from 3 to 15 mm. Stamp perforating, wire-comb perforating, tear-off perforating, single hole punching, file hole punching, euro hole. TOOLING, PLEASE NOTE: The machine only comes with the pre trim device. Also includes the metal caddie to hold various dies so you can easily swap in different wooden steel rule dies as required. Specifications: Product size untrimmed (LxW) (sizes subject to jobs) Standard max. 500 x 600 mm Standard min. 50 x 50 mm Product thickness, Standard max. 4mm (optional max.) 14mm Mechanical speed, max. 9.000 cycles/hr Compressed air requirement: 200 l/min at 6 bar.

Condition: used, Section steel shears, profile shears, punch, punching machine, hole punch -Pressure force: 29 to -Punching: -Scissors: -to cut: -not: -mechanical release: -div. Punches and dies: -Length stop: -Installation dimensions: 1300/1570/H1900 mm Hodpfx Ajf Ek H Ujgtsfl -Transport dimensions: 1300/770/H1900 mm -Weight: 1112 kg

Year of construction: 2021, condition: used, Tube manufacturing line Manufacturer: Bazhou Wanxin Industrial and Trading Tube manufacturing line consisting of: Double-station unwinding device Function: Unwinds the coil passively Design: 2-station design with 180-degree rotation, manual expansion Advantages: Fast loading, simple and convenient operation Hydraulic shear and butt welding machine Function: Cuts off the front and rear ends, centers the strip, and welds the strip back together Design: Manual hydraulic shear with cantilever, front and rear pressure rollers, front and rear centering rollers, welding device Cutting method: hydraulic shear Press material method: double-cylinder press Welding method: manual welding Strip storage device Function: To ensure continuous production of the welded tube, a storage unit must be installed after the shear and butt welding platform so that the storage unit can continuously feed the strips while the strip steel material is prepared for stacking, unwinding, butt cutting, and welding. Design: Frame type, with moving and fixed frames (including feeding device) Feeding speed: max. 120 m/min Storage speed: max. 200 m/min Length of stored strips: 200 - 400 m Pinch roller motor: AC 11 kW Forming and sizing machine Working height: +850 mm Power: AC/DC motor: 160 kW, 1000 - 2000 rpm Reducer: Gear hardening Arrangement: Passive five-roll straightening machine, vertical rolls for feeding material, forming through 7 horizontal roll stands and 8 vertical roll stands, guiding, pressing, deburring, cooling, and sizing through 6 horizontal roll stands and 5 vertical roll stands, 1 round sizing stand Round sizing stand: 1 set of smoothing device, two sides with 8 rolls each, 4 rolls per side. 30 mm, 40cr, quenching, tempering, and hardening Horizontal roll shaft: 60 mm, bearing at position 55, made of material 40Cr Heat treatment of horizontal roll: surface hardening, HRC 50-55 Bearing guide: forged steel 45# Vertical roll shaft: 40 mm, material 40Cr, quenched, tempered, and hardened Vertical and horizontal rolls - Design: Portal design, opening width: 120 mm, clamping of horizontal roll stand: adjustment via worm gear Material of horizontal and vertical roll stands: welded (aging annealing) Gearbox: Gear: Spiral bevel gear Shaft of pinch roll: 50 mm, 2 rolls for pinching, adjusted via a manual screw rod Guide shaft: 40 mm Hjdpfx Agezuz H Sjtsfl Deburring knife: 2 pcs., one for working and one as a spare Cooling tank Cold cut-off saw Function: The cold cut-off saw is one of the most important machines in the ERW tube line. It can cut the tubes to the preset length during high-speed production. Type: KK-5-50 Tube diameter: Round tubes 16-63.5 mm and corresponding square and rectangular tubes Length cut: any length between 1 - 6 m Material thickness: 0.6-2.5 mm Drive motor: 11 kW servo Yaskawa Feeding motor: 2.9 kW serco Yaskawa Saw motor: 11 kW, AC motor with frequency converter Feeding method: Servo multi-stage speed feed Speed adjustment: max. 110 m/min Clamping force: pneumatic Drag chain Saw blade: 400 mm Saw gearbox model: KK-80 Saw stroke (device length): 3 m Device dimensions: 4500 x 1500 x 1300 mm Conveyor track, table, and packaging machine Function: The formed tubes are automatically removed from the roll.

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 1999, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 255100, punching force: 20 t, total height: 2,150 mm, total width: 2,900 mm, total length: 4,900 mm, sheet thickness (max.): 3 mm, sheet thickness steel (max.): 3 mm, working range: 1,270 mm, type of input current: three-phase, travel distance X-axis: 1,270 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 1,270 mm, workpiece weight (max.): 75 kg, overall weight: 11,000 kg, input current: 40 A, input frequency: 50 Hz, table load: 75 kg, feed rate X-axis: 82,000 m/min, feed rate Y-axis: 82,000 m/min, feed rate Z-axis: 82,000 m/min, travel speed (max.): 82,000 mm/min, input voltage: 400 V, AMADA EUROPE 255 CNC Punching Machine CNC turret punching machine AMADA EUROPE 255, year 1999, equipped with a GE Fanuc Series 18i-P CNC control. The machine is installed and available for inspection and demonstration while powered on, by appointment. Technical specifications: Manufacturer: AMADA EUROPE Model: EUROPE 255 Year of manufacture: 1999 CNC control: GE Fanuc Series 18i-P Punching force: 200 kN (20 t) Working range X x Y: 1,270 x 1,270 mm Maximum sheet thickness: 3 mm Table load: 75 kg Turret: 27 stations Maximum positioning speed: 82 m/min Power supply: 400 V / 50 Hz / 3-phase Nominal current: 40 A Installed power: 29 kW Hfedpfxozw Ui Eo Agtol Machine dimensions: approx. 4,900 x 2,900 x 2,150 mm Machine weight: approx. 11,000 kg CE marked The machine is currently installed and can be inspected while powered on. Available immediately. Inspection by appointment. Location: Greece

Year of construction: 2010, condition: used, functionality: fully functional, COMANDULLI OMEGA 60 SX edge grinding machine for rounding edges, manufactured in 2010. Belt running direction: left to right. Pre-grinding support. 1+1 automatic pre-grinding supports at 45°. 6 grinding supports for straight and round edges. 1 upper and 1 lower chamfering supports. Hfedpfxjzz Nyms Agtel Water drip unit. 2 roller tables, each 2 m in length.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2021, machine/vehicle number: 7771, functionality: fully functional, pressing force: 100 t, stroke length: 300 mm, operating speed: 75 mm/s, reverse speed: 75 mm/s, table height: 900 mm, throat depth: 1,000 mm, total width: 3,100 mm, overall weight: 8,900 kg, travel distance X-axis: 1,000 mm, controller model: EC20 - graficzne 2D, working width: 3,000 mm, bending force (max.): 100 t, back gauge: 1,000 mm, back gauge speed R-axis: 250 mm/s, back gauge travel distance R-axis: 200 mm, back gauge travel distance Z-axis: 1,000 mm, distance between stands: 3,000 mm, control type: CNC control, degree of automation: semi-automatic, back gauge adjustment: CNC-controlled, number of axes: 4, actuation type: electric, Equipment: CE marking, emergency stop, european tool clamping system, safety light barrier, Servo-electric press brake SAFANDARLEY type E-Brake 100-3100 NS (100T - 3060 mm) AMADA tooling system Manufacturer: Netherlands - Lochem We are the official representative of SafanDarley in Poland. - Servo-electric drive - Press force: 100 T - Bending length: 3060 mm - Stroke: 300 mm Hfodeylt Ukepfx Agtol - CNC control in axes Y1 / Y2 / X / R / Z1 / Z2 - CNC-controlled backgauge with 4 axes - X / R / Z1 / Z2 - 2D graphical control - EC20 model - Programmable light curtain - AMADA tooling system - WILA tooling system - lower clamp compatible with 4V / 2V / 1V / T-type dies, 60 mm base - Lower table crowning compensation

Year of construction: 2015, condition: excellent (used), Manufacturer: S+S Separation and Sorting Technology GmbH Type: Unicon-D 2000/400/450/100 Year: 2015 Hfjdpfsk Eakvsx Agtol Electrical data: -230 V -0,7 A -50 Hz -IP 65

Condition: good (used), We are offering several dies, punches, reducing sleeves, and a quick-release clamping set for Peddinghaus here. Hodpfx Agow Tri Netefl Exact details can be found in the PDF.

Condition: good (used), We are offering several dies, punches, reducing sleeves, and a quick-release clamping set for Peddinghaus here. Exact details can be found in the PDF. Hjdpfxjw Trkgj Agtsfl

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2011, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 818745 / (PPS 2013- 001), This machine was updated in 2013 with a two-hand safety system. It is a semi-automatic machine that prints labels and presents them in a fixed position. The operator places the box in the fixture and presses the OK button with both hands for safety. Afterward, the label will be applied. The unit consists of an Allen printer 53XL80 and a table-top version – Herma 414 from 2011. The table height can be adjusted by pressing a button. The control system is integrated into the HERMA 400 labeler. Machine capabilities: Labeling of cartons. Output: max. 30 pcs./min. Size – Cartons (55 x 30 mm and 95 x 120 mm). Label specifications: Label size: 70 x 20 mm, 100 x 70 mm, 100 x 45 mm, 140 x 25 mm. Label specifications: K: Core diameter 76 mm R: Reel diameter max. 300 mm B: Label width max. 160 mm Hfsdpfx Aozx D I Tjgtol L: Label length max. 800 mm Label winding outside.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2005, Type 1B/1K-M Max. length of workpiece. 5000 mm Max. workpiece width. 300 mm Quontity of mortising: 180 mm Max. working height 1/Max 20mm Hfsdpfsu Hi Trsx Agtsl Number of motors 2/380 V 50Hz Air pressure 6 bar Made in Italy 2005y Transport dimensions 4200x2000x2400mm Weight 2000 kg Price 4900 Eur (EXW Jonava, Lithuania)

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2015, Manufacturer: S+S Separation and Sorting Technology GmbH Type: Unicon-D 2000/400/450/100 Hjdpfxelatz Do Agtefl Year: 2015 Electrical data: - 230 V - 0,7A - 50 Hz - IP 65 Inclusion dimensions: 2060 x 650 x 1260 mm Belt width: 390 mm Belt length: 2000 mm

Condition: good (used), functionality: fully functional, Fuchs Terex MHL430 machine for sale. The machine is from 2002. Liebherr 924 Litronic machine for sale. The equipment is from 2007 Hfjdpfx Agepq R Sxetel

Year of construction: 2008, condition: ready for operation (used), We are offering this ready-to-use Roll-o-Matic roller die-cutting machine, roller size 0.932/3000, manufactured in 2008. Usable roller width: 3000 mm. The upper roller has a diameter of 320 mm and is equipped with a PA or cast nylon cutting sleeve. The roller gap can be adjusted independently on both sides and is equipped with an absolute value display for the roller gap. Operating modes: setup operation; semi-automatic operation; fully automatic operation with a light barrier and time control. Includes 5 conveyor belts, a counter, and additional equipment: support rollers for the lower roller to reduce deflection under high load. Chain drive and more powerful motor. Includes control buttons on both sides. Hsdpez Ag Uksfx Agtsfl If you have any questions or require more information, please send us a message or call us.

Condition: used, input voltage: 400 V, input frequency: 50 Hz, type of input current: three-phase, Equipment: foot remote control, For sale is a Mubea / Muhr und Bender BFL 350, a robust combined profile and bar steel shear with punching and notching capabilities. This machine is ideally suited for processing profiles and bar steel, as well as for punching and notching operations. Thanks to its combined design, various processing steps can be carried out with a single machine. Hfedez Ahanjpfx Agtjl Technical data: Manufacturer: Mubea / Muhr und Bender Type: BFL 350 Design: combined profile/bar steel shear with punching and notching capabilities Punching force: 35 t Punching: up to Ø 28 mm with a sheet thickness of 10 mm Punching: up to Ø 23 mm with a sheet thickness of 12 mm Cutting capacities: Round steel: up to Ø 30 mm Flat steel: up to 28 mm Angle steel: up to 90 x 90 x 8 mm Flat steel: up to 150 x 13 mm Flat steel: up to 80 x 16 mm The Mubea / Muhr und Bender BFL 350 impresses with its versatile applications and its solid construction, designed for industrial use. Inspection is possible by prior arrangement. If you have any questions about the machine or would like further information, please do not hesitate to contact us.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2022, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 5480, EUROMAC XT FLEX 12S 1500/30-2500 CNC punching / nibbling machine. Technical data: - Year of construction: 2022 - Serial number: 5480 - Max. punching force: 30 t - Working range X axis: 2500 mm - Working range Y axis: 1500 mm Hfedpfxez Aaw So Agtjl - Multitool holders included: XMTE6 and XMTE10 - Chute door for extraction of parts up to 1000x1500 mm, with part detection Machine is located in Ivanjica, Serbia. Further information, additional photos and inspection on request.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2000, input voltage: 400 V, input current: 35 A, input frequency: 50 Hz, type of input current: three-phase, overall weight: 9,200 kg, Equipment: safety light barrier, We offer this used TRUMPF Trumatic 2000 R punch machine, year of construction 2000. Maximum punching capacity: 180 kN Type: 9110 Serial number: 700359 Year of manufacture: 2000 Mains supply voltage: 400 V Mains supply frequency: 50 Hz Connected load: 17 kVA Distribution voltage: 400 V Control voltage: 24 V DC Fuse rating: 3 x 35 A Air pressure: 7-14 bar Machine weight: 9200 kg Hedpfx Aoz Ak Diogtefl If you have any questions or need more information, feel free to send us a message or give us a call.

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2002, machine/vehicle number: 54, functionality: fully functional, pressing force: 60 t, table width: 1,100 mm, table length: 3,000 mm, The machine is in like-new condition! Submitting a bid obligates you to pick up the machine on the following dates: Monday, October 5, 2026, Tuesday, October 6, 2026, Wednesday, October 7, 2026, and Thursday, October 8, 2026, until 12:00 PM. The machine is already in storage. TECHNICAL DETAILS Punching force: 60 t Table size: 1,100 × 3,000 mm EQUIPMENT Setup operation Automatic operation Continuous operation Hedpfx Agezzny Sstsfl Wiring diagrams Operating manual

Condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2006, operating hours: 83,800 h, Equipment: CE marking, LVD STRIPPIT GLOBAL 30 1225 turret press The machine is in very good technical condition and was used by Alsanit. It has been regularly serviced exclusively by the manufacturer's service department. Only new and original spare parts are used during service. The turret press is currently in continuous production use. If you are interested, we encourage you to schedule a visit to confirm the technical condition and technological capabilities of the machine. General data: Location: Alsanit Sp. z o.o., ul. Wieleńska 2, 64-980 Trzcianka, Poland Province: Wielkopolskie Year of manufacture of the turret press: 2006 Date of purchase and installation of the machine: June 2019 Machine operating hours: 83584 cycles Maximum pressing force: 300 kN (30 tons) Maximum sheet thickness: 6.4 mm Turret system type: Thick Turret Control unit: CNC: GE FANUC 180 IP Maximum travel in the X-axis: 2,576 mm Maximum travel in the Y-axis: 1,337 mm Maximum table load (uniform): 145.6 kg Simultaneous speeds: 110 m/min Number of strokes per minute (punch diameter 25 mm): ±2% 400 min-1 Number of strokes per minute (nibbling function - 2 mm): 1000 min-1 Number of strokes per minute (marking/0.5 mm): 1700 min-1 Maximum slide speed in the X-axis: 83 m/min Maximum slide speed in the Y-axis: 73 m/min Number of tool stations in the turret: 30 pcs Station A – max. diameter 12.7 mm: 8 pcs Station B – max. diameter 31.7 mm: 16 pcs Station C – max. diameter 50.8 mm: 2 pcs Station D – max. diameter 88.9 mm: 4 pcs Number of indexed (rotary) stations in the turret: 4 pcs (stations D) Note: Each station D can accommodate a multi-tool (1 multi-tool contains 3 to 8 tools), which increases the number of tools from 12 to 32 pcs. Machine height: 2,325 mm Machine length: 5,584 mm Machine width: 5,160 mm Machine weight: 13,750 kg Hfjdpfx Aezxzagjgtol Sheet size: 1250 x 2500 mm Number of sheet clamps (individually programmable): 3 pcs Tilting scrap collector for cut parts: 450 x 500 mm Brush table protecting against scratching the sheets CE certificate Electrical power supply: 380/415 Volt, 35.5 kVA, 63 A, cable cross-section (3+1)x16 mm2 Additional equipment: Scrap conveyor; Brush table MACHINE SPECIFICATION The machine is constructed as a closed bridge frame. The rigid construction ensures stability, reduces noise, vibrations, and oscillations during operation, which in turn has a positive effect on the long service life of both the tools and the machine. The sheet clamps are controlled by a foot switch, and the pin that extends from the table for positioning allows the operator's hands to remain free for proper placement of the sheet on the table. The turret drum of the LVD Strippit Global 30 punch press is made as a cast monoblock, mounted in the machine structure and supported by high-quality and precise bearings. In addition, inside the turret drum, in each tool station, there are hardened and improved sleeves, which can be easily replaced if necessary. The servo drive of the turret ensures precise bidirectional rotation of the turret and the indexing stations (which are locked by a ball head pin after reaching the required angular position, and the accurate linearity and perpendicularity are ensured by tapered, hardened sleeves).