Used Knee And Column Milling Machine for sale (71,110)

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2005, x-travel 750 mm y-travel 560 mm z-travel 600 mm Control HEIDENHAIN iTNC 530 total power requirement 70 kW weight of the machine ca. 11.000 kg dimensions of the machine ca. m D E C K E L M A H O (Germany) Vertical CNC Machining Centre with high speed linear drives in 3 Axis and in double column design for high precision work Model DMC 75 V LINEAR Year 2005 _____ Working range: Longitudinal stroke X Axis 750 mm Vertical stroke Z Axis 600 mm Cross stroke Y Axis 560 mm Table clamping size 950 x 650 mm Max. Table load 1.000 kg Max. height of workpiece 600 mm Tool holder Cone HSK 63 Spindle (KESSLER) speeds 18,000 rpm Torque, max. 86/130 Nm Spindle run-up time / stop time 3.2 sec Feeds / Quickfeeds, X, Y and Z Axes max. 90,000 mm/min Feed force 11.000/9.500 N Axis acceleration, X / Y / Z Axes 15 / 12 / 18 m/s Spindle drive 25/35 kW Total electrical load, approx. 75 kW - 400 V - 50 Hz Weight, approx. 11.000 kg Accessories / Special Features: This machine is very interesting because of the very stable double Column Portal Design and with the modern linear technology for fast and powerful high precision work. * HEIDENHAIN modern CNC Control System Model iTNC 530 in 3 axes, with all the usual options, cycles and sub programmes. * Table moves only in x axis and allows a comfortable loading of heavy workpieces * 30-position disktype tool magazine for max. tool Ø 100, 140 and 200 mm x max. length 300 mm. Max. weight 10 kg. Cut-to-cut time 6 sec. Pick-Up by main spindle. * BLUM tool-breakage control, Blum Receiver for RENISHAW –Head, no head Dsdpfx Aot Hw Treahjuw available. * Double linear motors ensure very fast feed motions and strong feed power, equipped with own cooling system. * KESSLER Milling Spindle, Liquid-cooled, steplessly programmable up to 18.000 rpm * Completely covered working area with 2 sliding doors, one with spin-type bull-eye. * KNOLL Coolant device with scraper-type chip conveyor and pressure pomp. * Spindle working hours approx. 23.000 h Condition : Very good. Machine can soon be inspected under power. Delivery : Ex stock, as inspected. Payment : Net, after conclusion of contract.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2006, x-travel 320 mm y-travel 240 mm z-travel 300 mm total power requirement 3 kW Dedpfx Aajwp S Sdjhsuw weight of the machine ca. 1 t

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1998, x-travel 800 mm y-travel 500 mm z-travel 510 mm total power requirement 60 kW Dsdot Hwtfjpfx Aahsuw weight of the machine ca. 10 t dimensions of the machine ca. m

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1978, spindle diameter 105 mm x-travel 1250 mm y-travel 1000 mm z-travel 600 mm table length 1100 mm table width 900 mm tool adaptor 50 ISO / MK total power requirement kW weight of the machine ca. t CNC Table Borer, Reconditioned 2002, BOSCH CC 300 Duedpfx Aajt Hwtxohew

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1982, x-travel 400 mm y-travel 400 mm Djdpfxsu U Sabj Aahjuw z-travel 380 mm total power requirement 2,6 kW weight of the machine ca. 1,5t t

Condition: used, x-travel 600 mm y-travel 400 mm Duodpfxowqrxms Aahow z-travel 500 mm total power requirement 6 kW

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1997, x-travel 800 mm y-travel 400 mm z-travel 350 mm total power requirement 40 kW weight of the machine ca. 8 t Dodpfx Ast Hwx Ieahjuw dimensions of the machine ca. m

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2000, x-travel 800 mm y-travel 500 mm Dedpfxjt Hwyre Aahouw z-travel 510 mm total power requirement 60 kW weight of the machine ca. 10 t dimensions of the machine ca. m

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1980, hobbing length 1750 mm milling width 260 mm max. module 10 min. module 12 total power requirement 8 kW Duodpfx Aajt Hxagehsw weight of the machine ca. 4500 kg dimensions of the machine ca. m D O N A U - K N A P P (Germany) Universal Automatic Rack Milling Machine Model UZFM – V 300 H Year approx. 1980 Serial No. 80-234x Max. length of rack 1,750 mm Milling travel / milling width cross max. 260 mm Module, steel / cast iron 10 / 12 Table clamping size 275 x 1,850 mm Mounting height below cutter, depending on cutter Ø 136 – 410 mm Cutter Ø, min./max Ø 125 + 2 x cutting depth / Ø 160 mm Cutter width max. floating / with support 50 / 140 mm Cutter mandrel Ø max. 50 mm Milling spindle head, swivelling right / left 30 / 45 ° 9 spindle speeds 22 – 179 rpm Milling slide swivelling right / left 30 ° Feeds, infinitely variable (milling slide) 0 – 600 mm/min Quick return 2,000 mm/min Milling spindle drive approx. 4 kW Total electrical load 8 kW - 400 V - 50 Hz Weight 4,500 kg Accessories / Special Features: * Automatic milling cycle control via cam bloc mounted on milling slide and table slide with possibility of jump switching (= automatic by-pass of an area which should not be milled) and pendulum milling operation (= synchronized milling on the first half of table, and workpiece change on the second half. * hydraulic workpiece clamping device: 1.800 x 260 mm each, clamping width 140 mm, clamping height inside the device 60 mm, with own hydraulic aggregate, hand switch, * Manual fine adjustment of table (0.001 mm) for exact positioning in a pre-milled rackgear. * Various change gears (approx. 10 pieces). * 2 cutter mandrels. * Various other accessories. * Central lubrication. * Built-in hydraulic unit. * Simple Coolant device. Separate switch cabinet, various rack cutter up to 160 dia. This machine is especially suitable for milling racks, and also for manufacturing broaching tools (relief milling is possible by swivelling the cutter head). Condition : Very good. Machine can be inspected under power. Delivery : Ex stock, as inspected Payment : Net, after conclusion of contract

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1995, x-travel 14000 mm y-travel 5000 mm z-travel 1500 mm w-axis 3000 mm column daylight 4000 mm column: max. dist. table - spindle nose 4500 mm Dsdpfx Aajvwgm Hjheuw workpiece weight 100 t table dimension - longitudinal 9000 mm table dimension - cross 3000 mm spindle taper ISO SK 50 spindle turning speed range 2-2500 U/min spindle motor 113 kW spindle diameter 200 mm max. torque on the spindle 9500 Nm feed in x - axis 1-10000 mm/min feed in y - axis 1-10000 mm/min feed range Z-direction 1-10000 mm/min rapid traverse 20000 mm/min height over floor 8600 mm control SIEMENS 840C weight of the machine ca. 360 t ATTACHMENTS angular milling head yes autom. tool clamping yes ball spindles yes guideway covers yes coolant unit yes high pressure cooling syst. (through spindle) yes closed cabin yes chip conveyor yes TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION 2 portal milling centres, each with 3 table pallets 9000 x 3000 mm: - Tool changer with 420 tools - Head pick-up system - Video monitoring via camera - High pressure lubrication unit for inner cooling 70bar AVAILABLE HEAD UNITS: - Fixed angle head HS800C600 105 Kw 600 long - Fixed angle head HSD350C850 50 Kw 850 long - Fixed angle head HSD 40C880 12 Kw 880 long - Fixed angle head HSD 190C1000 30 Kw 1000 long - Vertical spindle unit VS800C 105 Kw 900 long - Universal spindle unit USIO40C 20 Kw B-axis rotatable at 1° at a time - Angle spindle unit SO800C905 - 22,5° fix - Angle spindle unit HSE1200CS -25° fix - Universal spindle unit (fork milling) USP475C 75 Kw 1/2° Hirth --> 1.350 1/min , B-Achse 0,5 Grad Hirth One additional drilling extension SE 350C plus 1 SE500C. DESCRIPTION OF CONDITION In 2011/2012 these 2 identical machines were retrofitted The milling length was extended to 14meters and an automatic changing system for table pallets was installed. Both machines can be seen under power by prior appointment.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2005, x-travel 6000 mm y-travel 3500 mm z-travel 1500 mm control SIEMENS 840D table load 12 t height over floor 6300 mm table dimension - longitudinal 5000 mm table dimension - cross 2500 mm no. of tables 2 tool change unit 200 -fach weight of tools max. 30 kg tool taper HSK A 100 Dedevwglvjpfx Aaheuw diameter of tools max. 250 mm workpiece length 500 mm spindle turning speed range 5-6000 U/min c-axis -10 bis 370 ° b-axis 5 bis -95 ° column daylight 3000 mm distance spindle nose and table 1500 mm weight of the machine ca. 161 t dimensions of the machine ca. 20.5 x 11 x 6.3 m This WALDRICH-COBURG Valutec portal milling machine is in very, very good condition and can be beautiful condition and can be inspected by arrangement with the seller.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2016, x-travel 850 mm y-travel 520 mm z-travel 475 mm Control 840D sl Operate (CELOS) Siemens turning speed range - main spindle 20 - 14.000 min/-1 power capacity - main spindel 20,3 / 14,5 kW max. Torque 121 / 84 Nm tool taper SK 40 DIN69871 table surface area 1.160 x 570 mm max. table load 1.000 kg work height max. 800 mm number of toolpositions 30 pos. tool taper SK 40 DIN69871 max. tool diameter 80 / (130) mm max. tool length 300 mm change-time chip to chip 5,9 sec rapid traverse ( X / Y / Z ) 42 m/min feed speeds max. 36.000 mm/min feed power 6,5 kN Accelaration 5 m/s² total power requirement 18 kVA Dsdpfezkvtxex Aahjuw weight of the machine ca. 6,7 t dimensions of the machine ca. 5,5 x 3,5 x 2,8 m CNC-Machiningcenter Vertical DMG MORI - DMC 850 V New Design - Operating hours: Power-on: approx. 16,703 h / Spindle runtime: approx. 10,506 h - Design variant: WHITE - WITHOUT tools / WITHOUT Clamping-Units

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2002, operating hours: 22,347 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 190347, travel distance X-axis: 3,000 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 1,600 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 1,500 mm, table load: 3,000 kg, controller model: Heidenhain TNC 430 B, No minimum price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! TECHNICAL DETAILS Travel in X-axis: 3,000 mm Travel in Y-axis: 1,600 mm Travel in Z-axis: 1,500 mm Table size (2x): 2,000 x 2,000 mm Table load: 3 t Spindle speeds: 60 - 3,000 rpm Spindle mount: ISO 50 MACHINE DETAILS Dsdpszku Sgsfx Aahjuw Control system: Heidenhain TNC 430 B digital Number of controlled axes: 6 Milling drive: 25 kW Total power consumption: 50 kW Dimensions & Weight Footprint: approx. 6.5 x 3 x 3 m Machine weight: approx. 26 t Program runtime: 22,347 h EQUIPMENT Integrated coolant system (ICS) 40-position automatic tool changer Chip conveyor High-speed spindle (30,000 rpm) 2 pallets

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2000, operating hours: 25,616 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 184640, travel distance X-axis: 3,000 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 1,400 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 1,500 mm, table load: 5,000 kg, controller model: Heidenhain TNC 430 B, No minimum price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! TECHNICAL DETAILS Travel in X-axis: 3,000 mm Travel in Y-axis: 1,400 mm Djdszku R Aspfx Aahouw Travel in Z-axis: 1,500 mm Table size: 3,000 x 1,400 mm Table load: 5 t Spindle speeds: 60 – 3,000 rpm Spindle connection: ISO 50 MACHINE DETAILS Control system: Heidenhain TNC 430 B digital Milling drive: 22 kW Total power consumption: 50 kW Dimensions & Weight Space requirement: approx. 6.5 x 3 x 3 m Machine weight: approx. 22 t Program runtime: 25,616 h Machine operating hours: 53,291 h Control system operating hours: 55,029 h EQUIPMENT 20-position automatic tool changer Milling head can be swiveled and rotated automatically in 1.5° increments Chip conveyor Adaptable high-speed spindle (30,000 rpm) Mist coolant system

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2006, operating hours: 3,010 h, total height: 2,300 mm, total length: 2,850 mm, total width: 2,150 mm, Empty weight: 6.000 kg Price: On request - Year: 2006 - Documentation available: Yes - CE marking present: Yes - CE certificate present: No - Operating hours: 3010 - Drive system: CNC - Horizontal/vertical: Horizontal - Control system brand: Fanuc - Control system type: Oi-MC - Power [kW]: 11.0 - Number of axes [pcs]: 3 - X-axis travel [mm]: 1000 - Y-axis travel [mm]: 530 - Z-axis travel [mm]: 510 - Table length [mm]: 1200 - Table width [mm]: 510 - Tool holder: ISO40 - Max. spindle speed [rpm]: 10000 - Options: Chip conveyor, Tool magazine - └ Tool magazine [pcs.]: 24 - Tools included: Yes - Transport dimensions: 2850mm x 2150mm x 2300mm (l x w x h) - Transport weight [kg]: 6000kg - Transport packages [pcs.]: 3 Financial information VAT: The price shown is exclusive of VAT VAT/margin: VAT deductible for entrepreneurs Delivery and trade-in always possible for everything in the industrial sectors Lukas van Rossum Dedpfoxbq U Eox Aahjuw

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1986, Deckel Maho 800E, manufactured in 1986: - Table surface area: 600 x 1100 mm - Travel in x-axis: 800 mm Dusdoza Am Espfx Aahew - Travel in y-axis: 450 mm - Travel in z-axis: 500 mm - Footprint: 3000 x 2500 x 2030 mm - Weight: approx. 4000 kg

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2008, operating hours: 82,500 h, functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 5,000 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 3,000 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 1,750 mm, feed rate X-axis: 65 m/min, feed rate Y-axis: 65 m/min, feed rate Z-axis: 65 m/min, spindle speed (max.): 20,000 rpm, rapid traverse X-axis: 65 m/min, rapid traverse Y-axis: 65 m/min, rapid traverse Z-axis: 65 m/min, torque: 63 Nm, overall weight: 90,000 kg, Equipment: rotational speed infinitely variable, First commissioning: 2008 Control system: Heidenhain iTNC 530 incl. handwheel HR420 X-axis: approx. 5,000 mm Y-axis: approx. 3,000 mm Z-axis: approx. 1,750 mm A-axis: -120 / +95° C-axis: ± 360° Maximum workpiece size 3,800 mm (X-direction) 1,800 mm (Y-direction) 1,150 mm (Z-direction) Can be machined in 5 axes (90° free A-axis) in a single setup using a 300 mm long tool. Machine operating hours: approx. 83,000 h Total spindle hours: approx. 37,000 h Machine bed (can be installed flush or above ground!) Dimensions: 5,000 x 2,250 x 300 mm - manufactured from EN-GJL-250 9 T-slots according to DIN 650-28H12 with a spacing of 250 mm and 125 mm from the edge 2-axis milling head, inspected by the manufacturer! Spindle power: 20 kW Spindle speed: max. 20,000 min-1 Duodpfxezkuirj Aahew Torque: max. 63 Nm Tool holder: HSK 63A Tool clamping: hydraulic Holding torque (clamped) A & C axis: 2,000 Nm Drive system for linear axes Feed rate X, Y, and Z axes: up to 65 m/min Axis acceleration X, Y, and Z axes: up to 5 m/s2 Connection data Voltage: 400 V Frequency: 50 Hz Power consumption: 130 kW Dimensions, weights Machine footprint without peripherals: approx. 7,500 x 8,500 x 6,600 mm Total weight: approx. 90,000 kg Color Enclosure, portal, control cabinet: RAL 7035 light gray Milling head and applications: RAL color 5002 aquamarine blue Additional equipment - Minimum quantity lubrication - 50-position tool changer - Work area cover Condition of the machine The milling head has been freshly inspected by the machine manufacturer, thus partially overhauled and fully functional. Completely new machine bed from Stolle! The additional modules shown on the machine bed are not included in the scope of delivery. The extraction systems and ducts shown are also not included in the scope of delivery. The previous owner was an established Formula 1 team from Central Europe. The machine was always under a maintenance contract with the manufacturer. Currently, the machine is disassembled and stored. However, an inspection is still possible at any time by arrangement.

Condition: used, total height: 2,700 mm, total width: 3,000 mm, total length: 5,300 mm, Colour: White Empty weight: 11.000 kg Price: On request What are Presale Items at Second Owner? Presale items are machines that we sell in their current condition ("as-is"). We have purchased these machines based solely on photos and sell them with the information provided in the advertisement. Unfortunately, we do not have additional details, such as exact dimensions or machine specifications. Additionally, these machines are often not yet in stock and have not been inspected by us. Dedpfx Aajzkqwreheuw These machines are offered at competitive prices, which means the prices are lower than usual, but the risk lies entirely with the buyer. Please carefully review the information in the advertisement before making a purchase. If you have any questions, feel free to contact us! - Documentation available: No - CE certificate present: No - Serial number: 9220212 - Drive system: Conventional - Bed milling machine model: Movable table - Number of axes [pcs]: 3 - X-axis travel [mm]: 3200 - Y-axis travel [mm]: 1000 - Z-axis travel [mm]: 1000 - B-axis rotation [°]: 360 - C-axis rotation [°]: 360 - Table length [mm]: 3500 - Table width [mm]: 800 - Tool holder: ISO50 - Main spindle power [kW]: 15 - Min. spindle speed [rpm]: 40 - Max. spindle speed [rpm]: 2000 - Max. workpiece weight [kg]: 4000 - Options: Digital readout - Transport dimensions: 5300mm x 3000mm x 2700mm (l x w x h) - Transport weight [kg]: 11000kg - Transport packages [pcs.]: 1 Financial information VAT: The price shown is exclusive of VAT VAT/margin: VAT deductible for entrepreneurs Delivery and trade-in always possible for everything in the industrial sectors Lukas van Rossum

Condition: used, total height: 2,200 mm, total width: 2,300 mm, total length: 6,400 mm, Colour: Grey Empty weight: 15.000 kg Price: On request Dedpfxezkqvns Aahjuw What are Presale Items at Second Owner? Presale items are machines that we sell in their current condition ("as-is"). We have purchased these machines based solely on photos and sell them with the information provided in the advertisement. Unfortunately, we do not have additional details, such as exact dimensions or machine specifications. Additionally, these machines are often not yet in stock and have not been inspected by us. These machines are offered at competitive prices, which means the prices are lower than usual, but the risk lies entirely with the buyer. Please carefully review the information in the advertisement before making a purchase. If you have any questions, feel free to contact us! - Documentation available: Yes - CE certificate present: No - Drive system: Conventional - Bed milling machine model: Movable column - Number of axes [pcs]: 3 - X-axis travel [mm]: 4300 - Y-axis travel [mm]: 1200 - Z-axis travel [mm]: 1200 - B-axis rotation [°]: 360 - C-axis rotation [°]: 360 - Table length [mm]: 6000 - Table width [mm]: 1200 - Tool holder: ISO50 - Min. spindle speed [rpm]: 10 - Options: Digital readout - Transport dimensions: 6400mm x 2300mm x 2200mm (l x w x h) - Transport weight [kg]: 15000kg - Transport packages [pcs.]: 1 Financial information VAT: The price shown is exclusive of VAT VAT/margin: VAT deductible for entrepreneurs Delivery and trade-in always possible for everything in the industrial sectors Lukas van Rossum

Condition: good (used), 4. Axle for DMU 80/100/125 Dsdpfx Aajzkqc Uohjuw Was installed on a DMU125 and is in perfect working order.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2004, Ref. -No.: 10604 Manufacturer: UNION Type: TC 110 Year of construction: 2004 Type of control: CNC-Steuerung Control: SINUMERIK 840 D Powerline Storage location: Halberstadt Country of origin: Germany X-Travel: 2000 mm Y-Travel: 1250 mm Z-Travel: 1000 mm W-Axis: 550 mm Table Height: 1050 mm Spindle Diameter: 110 mm Table Dimensions (Lengthxwidth): 1600 x 1250 mm Number of T-slots: 10 Max. Workpiece Weight: 6000 kg Dedezkpv Hopfx Aahouw Clamping Area: 1250 mm T - groove width: 22 mm T - slot spacing: 125 mm Tool Taper: ISO 50 Max. Torque: 1639 Nm Feed Speeds X/Y/Z Axis: 6000 mm / min Rapid Traverse X-Axis: 15000 m / min Rapid Travel Y-Axis: 15000 m / min Rapid Traverse Z-Axis: 15000 m / min Feed Capacities X/Y/Z: 16000 x 16000 x 20000 N swivel angle: 360 ° Further information: Includes angle head 0,001° The machine can be viewed under power.

Year of construction: 2016, condition: ready for operation (used), - USED - TRAVELLING COLUMN MILLING MACHINE LONGITUDINAL TRAVEL: 6000 mm TRANSVERSAL TRAVEL: 1500 mm VERTICAL TRAVEL: 2500 mm RAPID FEEDS L-T-V: 35 m/min SPINDLE: 337- 5000 rpm; 42 kW; 1180 Nm WORKTABLE: 300 x 2500 x 7000 mm HEAD: ISO 50 ; MILLESIMAL POSITIONING ; A/B AXIS AUTOMATIC TOOL MAGAZINE: PICK-UP ; 12 POS CONTROL UNIT: HEIDENHAIN TNC 640 HIGH PRESSURE COOLANT: 20 Bar Duedpfx Asx Ru Azjahow NOTE: AUTOMATIC HEAD CHANGE; COMPRESSED AIR INSIDE THE TOOL; RTCP; AUTOCAL SOFTWARE FOR AUTOMATIC CALIBRATION

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 1992, Retrofitted: 2023 Duodeyf Rtkspfx Aahjw Numerical control: HEIDENHAIN TNC-320 Technical features Dimensions Table dimensions: 4500 x 1100 mmNumber of T slots: 8T slots dimensions: 22 mm Traverses of axis  X axis traverse: 4000 mmY axis traverse: 1200 mmZ axis traverse: 1250 mmVertical capacity (VC): 57 – 1307 mm Milling head Head type: Universal manual U22Tool clamping system: HydraulicTaper nose: ISO 50 (DIN 2080)  /  Pull stud: DIN 69872Speed range: 20 - 2000 rpmSpindle power: 22 kW Feedrates Feedrate: 5 - 5000 mm/minRapid feedrate (X / Y,Z): 15000   /   10000 mm/min Weight and dimensions Maximum weight on table: 8000 kgMachine weight approx.: 23500 kgMachine dimensions approx.: 11100 x 5392 x 3400 mm Accessories Guarding: 2 sliding doors and new perimetral wire-mesh ctronic handwheel: New HR-510Coolant: External Sale conditions Warranty: 6 months mechanical partsPrice and sale conditions: On request View all technical features

Condition: used, x-travel 1.020 mm y-travel 510 mm z-travel 610 mm surface area 1.020 x 610 mm spindle tunring speed 10.000 U/min spindle taper SK 40 Dedpfx Aezaf Ixsaheuw In our estimation, the machine is in good used condition and can be inspected under power by appointment. Accessories, as well as the tools and clamping devices shown in the images, are included in the scope of delivery only if explicitly noted in the additional information. Subject to changes, errors in technical data and specifications, and prior sale!

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2007, x-travel 2.000 mm y-travel 800 mm z-travel 1.000 mm Control Heidenhain iTNC 530 spindle tunring speed 4.500 U/min tool taper SK 50 number of tool places 20 Pos. table surface area 2.000 x 700 mm max. table load 4.000 kg weight of the machine ca. 11.000 kg auto power on hours ca. 23.408 h Processing hours ca. 5.834 h In our assessment, the machine is in good used condition and can be inspected under power by appointment. Accessories, tools, and clamping devices shown are only included in the scope of delivery Dodpfoy Nfbrex Aahsuw if this is noted in the additional information. Technical data and specifications are subject to change without notice and errors. Prior sale is reserved.