Used Kigo Powder Coating for sale (2,825)

Year of construction: 2016, condition: good (used), Coating head with unwinder. Application: coating with water-based acrylic adhesives. Bljdsyf Ebiepfx Aa Esd

Condition: good (used), working width: 850 mm, total width: 4,500 mm, total length: 14,300 mm, total height: 4,200 mm, overall weight: 10,000 kg, Equipment: CE marking, Coating and laminating line for the production of multilayer materials such as BOPP, PET, CPP, paper, and aluminum foil. Equipped with double turret unwinders and winder, coating unit, laminating unit, and electric dryers. Full specification available in the photos. Bljdpfx Aajyfuhlj Esd

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, ### 🔫 ProfiGun PM-1 powder gun Lightweight, ergonomic, perfectly balanced with a contoured grip. ✋⚖️ Adjust powder output and switch programs directly on the gun. 🎛️ Ceramic cascade up to 100,000 V for efficient charging of all powder types. ⚡ New-generation nozzles improve penetration on complex parts. 🎯🧩 Profiled nut for a secure grip + conductive handle for excellent operator grounding. 🔩🧤 Impact-resistant materials, fully demountable design, replaceable powder path tube. 🛡️🛠️ Patented in the EU and US. Polarity: negative. 🇪🇺🇺🇸➖ One-piece powder path + quick-release hose coupling reduce leaks and speed up hose changes. 🔌✅ ### 💨 ProfiJector powder pump Efficient injector with an optimized feed angle validated by research. 📐🔬 Lower powder and air consumption vs. right-angle injectors, with low running costs. ♻️📉 European patent protected. 🏅 ### 🖥️ PSS controller - 7" touchscreen 7-inch glove-friendly touch panel. 🧤📲 3 auto programs: overcoating, hard-to-reach areas, flat surfaces. 🔁 Fine tuning: 0.1 kV and 0.1 uA resolution. 🎚️ Advanced pneumatic valves for precise air dosing (patent pending) + real airflow measurement to detect drops or blockages. 💨📈⚠️ Diagnostics, program naming, external control via Modbus. 🧠🔧🔌 ### ⚡ ProfiCharge ceramic cascade (made in Poland) High-precision ceramic cascade up to 100,000 V, manufactured in Poland. 🇵🇱⚡ High-frequency ion emission (up to 17,000/sec) improves charging - less powder to the collector, more on the part. 🎯📉 Ultra-precise current control: 0-100 uA, stable even below 10 uA (0-10 uA focus with 0.1 uA steps). 🎛️ ### 💨 Air and application quality features Electronically controlled needle valves + integrated flowmeters for real-time, precise air delivery. 💨✅ Adjustable electrification curve for different powders and demanding parts. ⚙️🧩 Non-stick, puncture-resistant nozzles resist electrical breakdown, reduce clogging, and simplify color changes. 🧼✨ Automatic gun purge (from handle or screen) for faster, cleaner color changes. 🔁💨 ### 🛡️ Safety and compliance Blodpfx Aaoyfim Ae Eed Discharge energy below 2 mJ + antistatic hose with double grounding strap. ⚠️🔒 ATEX and EN 50050-2 compliant for potentially explosive areas. ✅ ### 🧠 Productivity and support Quick Program: fast switching via rapid trigger presses. ⚡🎛️ Visual wear counters + fault history, suggestions, and self-monitoring diagnostics. 👀🔧 Up to 8 languages: PL, EN, DE, FR, RU, ES, IT, SV. 🌍 Animated troubleshooter for guided diagnostics. 🧭 Professional mode (hints on/off) + daily and job statistics for order management. 📊⏱️✅

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, ### 🔫 ProfiGun PM-1 powder gun Lightweight, ergonomic, perfectly balanced with a contoured grip. ✋⚖️ Adjust powder output and switch programs directly on the gun. 🎛️ Ceramic cascade up to 100,000 V for efficient charging of all powder types. ⚡ New-generation nozzles improve penetration on complex parts. 🎯🧩 Profiled nut for a secure grip + conductive handle for excellent operator grounding. 🔩🧤 Impact-resistant materials, fully demountable design, replaceable powder path tube. 🛡️🛠️ Patented in the EU and US. Polarity: negative. 🇪🇺🇺🇸➖ One-piece powder path + quick-release hose coupling reduce leaks and speed up hose changes. 🔌✅ ### 💨 ProfiJector powder pump Bsdpfx Aaoyfik Ie Eold Efficient injector with an optimized feed angle validated by research. 📐🔬 Lower powder and air consumption vs. right-angle injectors, with low running costs. ♻️📉 European patent protected. 🏅 ### 🖥️ PSS controller - 7" touchscreen 7-inch glove-friendly touch panel. 🧤📲 3 auto programs: overcoating, hard-to-reach areas, flat surfaces. 🔁 Fine tuning: 0.1 kV and 0.1 uA resolution. 🎚️ Advanced pneumatic valves for precise air dosing (patent pending) + real airflow measurement to detect drops or blockages. 💨📈⚠️ Diagnostics, program naming, external control via Modbus. 🧠🔧🔌 ### ⚡ ProfiCharge ceramic cascade (made in Poland) High-precision ceramic cascade up to 100,000 V, manufactured in Poland. 🇵🇱⚡ High-frequency ion emission (up to 17,000/sec) improves charging - less powder to the collector, more on the part. 🎯📉 Ultra-precise current control: 0-100 uA, stable even below 10 uA (0-10 uA focus with 0.1 uA steps). 🎛️ ### 💨 Air and application quality features Electronically controlled needle valves + integrated flowmeters for real-time, precise air delivery. 💨✅ Adjustable electrification curve for different powders and demanding parts. ⚙️🧩 Non-stick, puncture-resistant nozzles resist electrical breakdown, reduce clogging, and simplify color changes. 🧼✨ Automatic gun purge (from handle or screen) for faster, cleaner color changes. 🔁💨 ### 🛡️ Safety and compliance Discharge energy below 2 mJ + antistatic hose with double grounding strap. ⚠️🔒 ATEX and EN 50050-2 compliant for potentially explosive areas. ✅ ### 🧠 Productivity and support Quick Program: fast switching via rapid trigger presses. ⚡🎛️ Visual wear counters + fault history, suggestions, and self-monitoring diagnostics. 👀🔧 Up to 8 languages: PL, EN, DE, FR, RU, ES, IT, SV. 🌍 Animated troubleshooter for guided diagnostics. 🧭 Professional mode (hints on/off) + daily and job statistics for order management. 📊⏱️✅

Year of construction: 2003, condition: good (used), functionality: fully functional, Platform with dual dispensing units. - Electrical cabinet Bjdpfx Aajudwl Uj Eeld - suction - differential pressure gauge - safety - non-slip floor

Year of construction: 2025, condition: new, A conformal coating machine is an industrial device used in electronics manufacturing to automatically apply a protective conformal coating to printed circuit boards (PCBs). This coating shields sensitive electronics from external influences such as moisture, dust, chemicals, corrosion, and temperature fluctuations. The machine applies a thin, uniform protective layer to selected areas of the PCB. This process is fully automated and reproducible, which is essential for quality and reliability in serial production. Transport System Transports PCBs through the machine (inline or stand-alone). Bledjydnlhepfx Aa Ejd Coating Application Depending on the configuration: - Spray coating (selective or full coverage) - Jet coating - Film or mist application techniques XYZ Positioning and Motion System Provides precise control of the spray valve. Vision and Camera System (optional) For alignment, inspection, and process monitoring. Masking / Selective Coating Protects connectors, test points, and other areas not to be coated. Drying or Curing Module For UV, thermal, or air curing, depending on the coating material. Control Software Programmable for various PCB designs and coating recipes. Suitable Coatings - Acrylic - Polyurethane - Silicone - Epoxy - UV-curable coatings Applications ICT conformal coating machines are widely used in: - Automotive electronics - Industrial control systems - Medical equipment - Aerospace - Consumer electronics Advantages - Consistent and high coating quality - Reduced material waste - High repeatability - Suitable for mass production - Improved reliability and lifespan of electronics

Condition: used, Make : Inoxpa Usage : Powder Blending - Homogeniser Capacity : 5000 L/h Y.o.m 2016 Blsdpfx Aoxnx Dzja Ejd Powder Inlet Funnel Product Inlet Pump Product Outlet pump for circulation Sample Valve Stainless steel skid mounted Condition : Excellent

Condition: good (used), Manesty coating pan Bjdjn Hvy Rspfx Aa Eold 150Kg coating pan, copper pan, 3Ph

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2004, PVC-coated wire for making fence_ green coated wire with diam. 2,3 mm - 2,8 mm - 3,8 mm Bsdox Ruhkopfx Aa Eeld grey coated wire with diam. 2,5 mm - 2,8 mm - 4,2 mm

Year of construction: 2008, condition: used, Manufacturer : Dumoulin Model: TD 20 Year: 2008 Type : Coating pan Coater type: solid drum for impregnation Rotor diameter: Ø 700 mm Blsdpfx Aox R A Tnoa Ejd Rotor depth: approx. 550 mm Unloading: automatic by reversing the rotation of the cylinder Spraying: Axflow pump + Endress Hauser Promag 53 magneto-inductive flowmeter (year 2021) Air handling unit : not available, controllable from electrical cabinet. Reference available in documentation Siemens PLC and control panel

Year of construction: 2000, condition: used, Manufacturer : Dumoulin Model : TD 1500 Year: 2000 Bedpfx Ajx R A Rgea Eold Type: coating machine Classification: ATEX motorisation and sensors Operating unit: from 4 to 15 kg of mass to be impregnated. Coater type: solid drum for impregnation Turbine diameter: Ø 600 mm Turbine depth: 400 mm Removable mixing blades Materials: 304 L stainless steel Unloading: automatic by reversing the rotation of the cylinder Driven by 0.37 kW geared motor, electronic variable speed drive from 2 to 25 rpm. T°C recorder Timer Rotor speed indicator Ventilation unit integrated into the frame : 1 x EU 13 air filter (absolute filter) 1 x 0.37 kW electric fan 1 x ADF electric heater (heating element) 1500 W with temperature regulator (sensor) 1 x stainless steel nozzle and blower in the drum      

Year of construction: 1983, condition: used, Manufacturer: Manesty Model: Accela-cota 150 Year : 1983 Type: film and sugar coating unit Technical file available Classification: ATEX EEx (to be requalified) Coater Useful volume: approx. 170 L Maximum weight: 150 Kg Diameter of drum: 1219 mm / 48″. Rotation speed: 2.5 – 15 rpm Cabinet with frequency converter Air treatment unit Air volume: 2890 m3/h Temperature : 0-80°C Bjdpfx Ajx R Avpja Eeld Steam pressure : 2 – 5 bars Steam consumption : 145 kg/h Fan motor power : 0.75 KW Fan (not original) Power : 17,5 KW

Condition: used, A full coating unit, with its equipment, designed for coating products by means of a continuous or discontinuous spraying process. Additional documents : Plan implantation équipements + système cip . pdf 1 Glatt GC 750/500 coating unit – drive motor : 1,1 kW – 380 V – 50 hz – IP 54 – Ex - ventilateur d'entrée d'air : 1000 m3/h - 6860 trs/min - 2’003 Pa - Max 80°C - 1,1 kW - IP 54 Bedpfx Ajx R Amnsa Eeld – air inlet fan : 1000 m3/h – 6860 rpm – 2’003 Pa – Max 80°C – 1,1 kW – IP 54 – air outlet fan: 1200 m3/h – 2900 rpm – 1’030 Pa – Max 80°C – 7,5 kW – IP 55 – Drum speed: 2 – 18 rpm – Sold with two perforated drums ⌀500mm and ⌀750 mm – Adaptable 2-head spray arm + Peristaltic pump– Spare parts, seals, … - Capacity : 20L : 7 to 15 kg 60L : 30 to 45 kg 1 Dust collector Herding FilterTechnik Extraction air volume: 1200 m3 / h Extraction air volume: 1200 m3 / h 1 Wanson CD-36 steam boiler - Power: 36 kW – Steam output: 48 kg/h – Operating pressure: 5 bar – Temperature : 159°C – Water volume: 10 L 1 Cleaning system (CIP) Used for easy cleaning and maintenance of the machine.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1996, Manufacturer : Marchesini Model: MS 235 / AS 237 / BA 50 Year : 1996 Type : 4-seal pouch packaging line for powders. 1. Bagging machine Vertical automatic machine with intermittent movement for filling and sealing bags, for medium and high speed production lines, for powders. Volumetric shaving filler Mechanical speed: 100 strokes/min Range of formats : max reel outer diameter: 400 mm (800 mm with reel) max reel width: 800 mm (820 mm with waste) bag length: 60 to 120 mm Reel support trolley Hopper handling trolley Weight: 2100 kg Bodpsx R Alksfx Aa Ejld 2. sachet counting unit 3. Cartoning machine Capacity : 70 cartons / minute Dimension A = 40 - 145 mm Size B = 20 - 80 mm Size H = 70 - 190 mm A+B = 190 mm Weight: 900 kg

Condition: used, Automatic tablet coating machine Brand: Narong Industries Model: Rama NR Cota 19 series 5 DRUM DIAMETER: 19″ / 48 cm CAPACITY: 3 to 7 kg Blowing / Extraction / Rotation Option – Heating – Speed variation – Extraction temperature measurement Bsdpsx Rz Tyofx Aa Eold – Supply air temperature measurement – Spray pressure measurement – Light: interior lighting Research and development / Pilot unit

Year of construction: 1991, condition: used, Equipment used for coating of food or pharmaceutical products. Non-tilting stainless steel turbine 2 liquid spraying ramps / 2 powder spraying ramps Complete installation with : – 2 x interchangeable spraying / coating arms including each: 1 liquid spraying ramp with double heating jacket + 1 powder spraying ramp. – Accurate unit dosing powder (screw system) – Galvanised steel frame / mobility rail for the 2 spray arms (easy switching) – Lateral unloading trolley – Ventilation / air treatment unit – 8 weights / scales on the feet – Electrical cabinet Bodpfx Aasx Rz H Ho Ejld – 500 litre melting tank skid Max. load 3000 kg One-sided loading, Central unloading with reverse rotation Length 8 m x diam. 2.2 m + Documentation and drawings available

Condition: used, Thickness gauge, coating thickness gauge -Manufacturer: PCE, thickness gauge with case Bsdpfx Asr H Nlwsa Eold -Type: PCE-CT 27FN -Measuring range: 0 - 1250 µm -Accessories: see photos -Dimensions: 250/210/H55mm -Weight: 0.7 kg

Condition: used, Coating roller machine, roller application machine -Transfer in current condition as seen Bedpfx Ajc Uv Ncea Ejld -Manufacturer: Giardina -Max. Width: 1260 mm -Casting gap: adjustable -with: 3x brush units -Connection power: 11 kW -Dimensions: 4600/2360/H1600 mm -Weight: approx. 4000 kg

Year of construction: 2002, condition: used, Technical details: control: Soft - PLC burner heads: 1 Stück Distance between centres: ca. 4000 mm Rotary-table: Ø 890 mm Rotary-table: drehbar 360° mm Rotary-table: schwenkbar: 130° mm electrics - voltage/frequency: 3x400 V / 50 Hz V/Hz total power requirement: ca. 22 kVA weight of the machine ca.: 5,0 t dimensions L x W x H: 5,7 x 2,4 x 2,8 m dimensions electric cabinet: 1600 x 640 x 1500 mm PTA-welding, Plasma coating system Plasmabeschichtungsanlage mit 8-Achsen Performance: Coating of sealing plates, seat rings, cones, tapered spindles and other wear parts. Bedpju Nwf Iofx Aa Eeld Powder dosing system: -control process control system / adjustment of the powder quantity -Powder quantity approx. 10kg, powder grain size 25µ - 500µ -Quantity regulation of the powder dosage Current source: -control MOSFET; rangePilot max. 200A and Tranfer 300A -digital display -air cooled -control 0-10V / 0-20mA Plasma torch: -water cooled -continuous power P max. pilot 100A and transfer 300A High frequency ignition unit: -HF generator for arc ignition Gas control system: -process controlled for fully automatic flow. -plasma gas system flow unit electrically controllable -gas = Argon 99.99 pure gas -flow rate plasma gas system 0,05 - 5 l/min.; powder gas system 0,50 - 20 l/min.; protective gas system 1,50 - 30 l/min. Support stand with moving tip Water cooling unit Control panel Housing *

Condition: good (used), - Type: AKLE-L 700 - Year of manufacture: 2011 - Serial number: 0127930010 - 2 x available both are new unused Blsdporu Dd Rofx Aa Eod

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2024, machine/vehicle number: 986U042310279, Size B2, water-based coating unit for digital finishing, corona unit, high capacity feeder, high capacity stacker. Machine can be installed inline with an HP Indigo 12000 or 15000. Bljdox Apdnspfx Aa Eod

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2024, ### 🔫 ProfiGun PM-1 powder gun Lightweight, ergonomic, perfectly balanced with a contoured grip. ✋⚖️ Adjust powder output and switch programs directly on the gun. 🎛️ Ceramic cascade up to 100,000 V for efficient charging of all powder types. ⚡ New-generation nozzles improve penetration on complex parts. 🎯🧩 Profiled nut for a secure grip + conductive handle for excellent operator grounding. 🔩🧤 Impact-resistant materials, fully demountable design, replaceable powder path tube. 🛡️🛠️ Patented in the EU and US. Polarity: negative. 🇪🇺🇺🇸➖ One-piece powder path + quick-release hose coupling reduce leaks and speed up hose changes. 🔌✅ ### 💨 ProfiJector powder pump Efficient injector with an optimized feed angle validated by research. 📐🔬 Lower powder and air consumption vs. right-angle injectors, with low running costs. ♻️📉 European patent protected. 🏅 ### 🖥️ PSS controller - 7" touchscreen 7-inch glove-friendly touch panel. 🧤📲 3 auto programs: overcoating, hard-to-reach areas, flat surfaces. 🔁 Fine tuning: 0.1 kV and 0.1 uA resolution. 🎚️ Advanced pneumatic valves for precise air dosing (patent pending) + real airflow measurement to detect drops or blockages. 💨📈⚠️ Diagnostics, program naming, external control via Modbus. 🧠🔧🔌 ### ⚡ ProfiCharge ceramic cascade (made in Poland) High-precision ceramic cascade up to 100,000 V, manufactured in Poland. 🇵🇱⚡ High-frequency ion emission (up to 17,000/sec) improves charging - less powder to the collector, more on the part. 🎯📉 Ultra-precise current control: 0-100 uA, stable even below 10 uA (0-10 uA focus with 0.1 uA steps). 🎛️ ### 💨 Air and application quality features Electronically controlled needle valves + integrated flowmeters for real-time, precise air delivery. 💨✅ Adjustable electrification curve for different powders and demanding parts. ⚙️🧩 Non-stick, puncture-resistant nozzles resist electrical breakdown, reduce clogging, and simplify color changes. 🧼✨ Automatic gun purge (from handle or screen) for faster, cleaner color changes. 🔁💨 ### 🛡️ Safety and compliance Bjdeflpi Nspfx Aa Eold Discharge energy below 2 mJ + antistatic hose with double grounding strap. ⚠️🔒 ATEX and EN 50050-2 compliant for potentially explosive areas. ✅ ### 🧠 Productivity and support Quick Program: fast switching via rapid trigger presses. ⚡🎛️ Visual wear counters + fault history, suggestions, and self-monitoring diagnostics. 👀🔧 Up to 8 languages: PL, EN, DE, FR, RU, ES, IT, SV. 🌍 Animated troubleshooter for guided diagnostics. 🧭 Professional mode (hints on/off) + daily and job statistics for order management. 📊⏱️✅

Year of construction: 2025, condition: new, Curing ovens shown in the photos can vary in price depending on size, configuration, and optional features. 💡📏⚙️ At ROMER, we manufacture both standard models and fully bespoke solutions, tailored to your process requirements. 🏭✅ Tell us your part size, line capacity, curing profile, and available space - and we will propose the best setup and the options that actually improve daily performance. 🔥🎯 🧠📡 Control and monitoring Live process control for temperature, time, airflow, and modes - with alarms and saved recipes for repeatable cycles. 🔁✅ 🔥🧩 Heating module Fast heat-up and stable temperature thanks to efficient heating elements and quick energy transfer. ⚡🌡️ 🌀💨 Air circulation Uniform airflow reduces temperature differences for consistent coating quality. 🎯✅ 🧱❄️ Insulation and design Smart chamber construction minimizes heat loss - faster reaching setpoint, lower consumption. ♻️📉 🛡️⚠️ Safety and certification Sensors, interlocks, and protection logic increase safety and reliability. 🔒👷 ⚡💰 High efficiency Optimized heat transfer and reduced losses mean real operating savings. 📉🔥 ⏰🤖 Automatic start Programmable schedule - automatic preheating before the shift for smoother production starts. ⏱️✅ 🚪🔒 Self-latching doors + intelligent chimney Prevents accidental opening, chimney activates only when needed for safer operation. 🧯✅ 🌿🔋 ECO mode Low-energy standby when idle - fuel consumption reduction up to 20% (depending on process). 🌱📉 👀💡 View and lighting Inspection without opening the door - fewer temperature drops, easier supervision. ✨👁️ 🛤️🔥 Guide rails + automatic hood Heat hood runs only during loading to reduce temperature loss, automatic rail infeed improves ergonomics and loading speed. 🙌⚙️ 🎛️🌡️ MULTI-ZONE HEAT Independent zone control for uniform curing of parts with different mass and geometry. 🧩✅ 🧠♨️ MTS system Heating elements mounted without thermal bridges - higher efficiency and faster time to set temperature. ⚡⏱️ Bledpfx Asfz I Rxsa Eed 2-in-1 🧱↔️🧱 Split chamber Movable partition for two independent zones - drying and curing in one unit for maximum flexibility. 🚀🔁 🎚️🌀 VFD ventilation Variable fan speed based on chamber conditions - better control and lower electricity use. ⚙️💡

Year of construction: 2025, condition: new, Curing ovens shown in the photos can vary in price depending on size, configuration, and optional features. 💡📏⚙️ At ROMER, we manufacture both standard models and fully bespoke solutions, tailored to your process requirements. 🏭✅ Tell us your part size, line capacity, curing profile, and available space - and we will propose the best setup and the options that actually improve daily performance. 🔥🎯 🧠📡 Control and monitoring Live process control for temperature, time, airflow, and modes - with alarms and saved recipes for repeatable cycles. 🔁✅ 🔥🧩 Heating module Fast heat-up and stable temperature thanks to efficient heating elements and quick energy transfer. ⚡🌡️ 🌀💨 Air circulation Uniform airflow reduces temperature differences for consistent coating quality. 🎯✅ 🧱❄️ Insulation and design Smart chamber construction minimizes heat loss - faster reaching setpoint, lower consumption. ♻️📉 🛡️⚠️ Safety and certification Sensors, interlocks, and protection logic increase safety and reliability. 🔒👷 ⚡💰 High efficiency Optimized heat transfer and reduced losses mean real operating savings. 📉🔥 ⏰🤖 Automatic start Programmable schedule - automatic preheating before the shift for smoother production starts. ⏱️✅ 🚪🔒 Self-latching doors + intelligent chimney Prevents accidental opening, chimney activates only when needed for safer operation. 🧯✅ 🌿🔋 ECO mode Bjdpfx Aefz Nd Iea Ejld Low-energy standby when idle - fuel consumption reduction up to 20% (depending on process). 🌱📉 👀💡 View and lighting Inspection without opening the door - fewer temperature drops, easier supervision. ✨👁️ 🛤️🔥 Guide rails + automatic hood Heat hood runs only during loading to reduce temperature loss, automatic rail infeed improves ergonomics and loading speed. 🙌⚙️ 🎛️🌡️ MULTI-ZONE HEAT Independent zone control for uniform curing of parts with different mass and geometry. 🧩✅ 🧠♨️ MTS system Heating elements mounted without thermal bridges - higher efficiency and faster time to set temperature. ⚡⏱️ 2-in-1 🧱↔️🧱 Split chamber Movable partition for two independent zones - drying and curing in one unit for maximum flexibility. 🚀🔁 🎚️🌀 VFD ventilation Variable fan speed based on chamber conditions - better control and lower electricity use. ⚙️💡

Year of construction: 2003, condition: excellent (used), Powder compacting automatic press DORST DACS15 Yom: 2003 Mechanical high-efficiency automatic press Pressing force: max. 150kN Ejection force: 50kN Bedpfxeggrw Ro Aa Eeld Die support in pressing position: max. 150kN Return force of lower punch: max. 32kN Closing force of upper punch: max. 12kN Upper punch stroke: 90mm Upper punch adjusting travel: 60mm Stroke rate: 8...40strokes/min