Used Degreasing for sale (86)

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), Year of construction: 2025, HD washbasin - HD brush washbasin The washbasin has an adjustable 60 bar high pressure pump with which cleaning takes place in a closed work area. The cleaning takes place with an aqueous degreaser (10kg included in delivery) and at approx. 45 ° C. Viewing window including lighting Medium filtration through a candle filter Comfort operation by means of a foot switch including turntable Technical specifications: Working area: 1,200 x 700 mm Usable height: 400 mm Payload: 50 kg Klsdshl If Nspfx Ah Nel Operating pressure: adjustable up to max. 60 bar Pump output: 14 lt / min Washing temperature: adjustable up to max. 45 ° C Tank capacity: 170 lt Heating capacity: 4,000 W. Total output: 8.0 kW Voltage: 400 V ac 1 P + N + PE; Frequency: 50 Hz Machine weight: approx. 180 kg Overall dimensions with the lid open: 1,480 x 991 x 2,080 mm

Year of construction: 2025, condition: as good as new (ex-display), HD washbasin - HD brush washbasin The washbasin has an adjustable 60 bar high pressure pump with which cleaning takes place in a closed work area. The cleaning takes place with an aqueous degreaser (10kg included in delivery) and at approx. 45 ° C. Viewing window including lighting Medium filtration through a candle filter Comfort operation by means of a foot switch Kodpfjhl If Tsx Ah Njll including turntable Technical specifications: Working area: 1,200 x 700 mm Usable height: 400 mm Payload: 50 kg Operating pressure: adjustable up to max. 60 bar Pump output: 14 lt / min Washing temperature: adjustable up to max. 45 ° C Tank capacity: 170 lt Heating capacity: 4,000 W. Total output: 8.0 kW Voltage: 400 V ac 1 P + N + PE; Frequency: 50 Hz Machine weight: approx. 180 kg Overall dimensions with the lid open: 1,480 x 991 x 2,080 mm

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2010, functionality: fully functional, Wagner Powder painting equipment for sale! Powder coating device, year 2010 consisting of: Booth: Prima Cube 16000 Powder supply: Powder Center Powder recovery: Cyclon Filter 16000 Movement generator: KHG 350 Production process configurations INCLUDING: I. Presumes Maximum size of parts: LxWxH=2600x400x1850 mm II. Equipment Technological Conveyor automatic speed V=1.2 mtrs/min. Klodpoww Adtsfx Ah Nel Speed regulation between 0.5-2.5 mtrs/min 1. Pretreatment Stand MNA-3-LPG, total size 16,7 mtrs Enter size L=2,5 mtrs a. Washing, degreasing and phosphating; L=3,6 mtrs -number of spray frames – 10 -number of nozzles in frame – 18 -number of nozzles in total – 180 -delivery of the pump – 162 m3/h -power of the pump – 15 kW -vessel 4 m3 for active liquid -inner heat exchanger with LPG burner – 160 kW -temperature 500C -mechanical oil separator - solution filter -the dosing system, membrane pump with regulator -washing time – 3 min b. Dripping zone L= 3,1 mtrs -time of dripping – 2 min 30 sec c. First rinsing; L= 1,2 mtrs -number of spray frames – 4 -number of nozzles in frame – 18 -number of nozzles in total – 64 -delivery of pump – 38 m3/h -power of the pump – 3 kW -vessel 1,5 m3 for water -first rinsing time – 1 min c. Dripping zone L= 3,1 mtrs -time of dripping – 2 min 30 sec d. Fine rinsing; L= 1,28 mtrs -number of spray frames – 3 -number of nozzles in frame – 18 -number of nozzles in total – 54 -delivery of pump – 33 m3/h -vessel 1,5 m3 for water -power of the pump – 3 kW -one extra spray frame -number of nozzles in frame – 18 -fine rinsing time – 1 min e. Dripping zone L= 2 mtrs -time of dripping – 1 min 40 sec Three openings to connect to exhaust system with three ventilators Operating space made of stainless steel. Pipes made of PVC or S/S. 1 unit 2. Automatic Dryer after water AST-1-KLPG: - operating space dimensions LxWxH=7000x3000x2800 - air curtains each side to avoid heat losses - one indirect heat exchanger heated with liquid petrol gas to produce 200 kW of rated power - three blowers 6000 m3/h of air delivery - two openings to connect to exhaust system - temperature sensor and temperature regulator - overheating sensor - circulation sensor - operating space made of zinc plated steel - thermal insulation 200 mm thick - drying time 10 min 1 unit 3. Automatic Curing Oven APT-2-KLPG for curing powder paints - operating space dimensions LxWxH=10200x3600x2800 - air curtains on one side to avoid heat losses - two indirect heat exchangers heated with liquid petrol gas to produce 300 kW of rated power, of each - eight circulation blowers, capacity of each 6 000 m3/h - two openings to connect to exhaust system - temperature sensor and temperature regulator - overheating sensor - circulation sensor - operating space made of zinc plated steel - thermal insulation 200 mm thick - curing time 25 min 1 unit 4. An overhead rail conveying system ATR-ADAX, for the paint shop including the following: • straight track with hangers L=400 mm 146 mtrs • drive station 2 pc • tension station 1 pc • chain lubrication station 1 pc • drawing of the track supporting structure 1 set

Year of construction: 2018, condition: ready for operation (used), Gross volume: 90l, max. usable volume: 60l, max. filling weight: 175kg, drive type of the table: frequency-controlled electric gear motor, connected load table drive: 4kW, nominal speed table: 213/min, tilting drive type: hydraulic cylinder, tilting angle: 49°, max. tilting height when emptying: 2200mm, loader tilting drive type: hydraulic cylinder, tilting angle: 41°, max. tilting height when emptying: 2700mm, buffer drive type: electric unbalanced motor, drive power: 0.3kW, tilting drive type: hydraulic cylinder, tilting range: -25° to 12°, screening machine drive type: 2x electric unbalanced motor, drive power: 2x 0.25kW, media return chute drive type: electric unbalanced motor, drive power: 0.19kW, delivery rate hydraulic unit: 8.0l/min, operating pressure: 170bar, drive power pump motor: 3kW, tank volume: 30l, valve voltage: G24, length: 2812mm, width: 2094mm, operating hours: 14,021h, motor running hours: 427h. Application areas: edge rounding, coarse and fine grinding, descaling, degreasing, shining, polishing, deburring, cleaning. With documentation, an on-site inspection is possible. Kljdpow S Tymsfx Ah Njl

Year of construction: 2020, condition: new, Washers Ultrasonic Baths for washing, phosphatizing, chromating, degreasing, removing paint coatings materials Ksdpfx Ahofzk Ewo Nsll In ROMER Ultrasonic Washers, stainless steel is used which provides protection against acids. Bathtubs have an additional insulation wall, so they do not lose temperature and heat up faster. Good quality materials ensure long life of the vibrating elements. Heating system The heaters used in the ROMER bathtubs are made of the highest quality materials and are made of high temperature resistant ceramic elements. The heating system used ensures great thermal efficiency, hot water automatically mixes with cold water, heating the entire bathtub. Ultrasonic transducers Ultrasonic elements used in ROMER washers are installed in immersion modules, which better reflect vibrations and are exchangeable. The ultrasound range is 20-40kHz depending on the washed element, lower frequencies are used for large elements of high strength, lower for jewelry, sensitive mechanical systems, etc. All transducers are connected by high temperature resistant cables.

Year of construction: 2020, condition: new, Washers Ultrasonic Baths for washing, phosphatizing, chromating, degreasing, removing paint coatings materials In ROMER Ultrasonic Washers, stainless steel is used which provides protection against acids. Bathtubs have an additional insulation wall, so they do not lose temperature and heat up faster. Good quality materials ensure long life of the vibrating elements. Heating system The heaters used in the ROMER bathtubs are made of the highest quality materials and are made of high temperature resistant ceramic elements. The heating system used ensures great thermal efficiency, hot water automatically mixes with cold water, heating the entire bathtub. Ultrasonic transducers Ultrasonic elements used in ROMER washers are installed in immersion modules, which better reflect vibrations and are exchangeable. The ultrasound range is 20-40kHz depending on the washed element, lower frequencies are used for large elements of high strength, lower for jewelry, sensitive mechanical systems, etc. All transducers are connected by high temperature resistant cables. Kledpfx Ahsfz I N Ts Nsl

Year of construction: 2020, condition: new, Washers Ultrasonic Baths for washing, phosphatizing, chromating, degreasing, removing paint coatings materials Kjdpfx Aofz Aw Hoh Njll In ROMER Ultrasonic Washers, stainless steel is used which provides protection against acids. Bathtubs have an additional insulation wall, so they do not lose temperature and heat up faster. Good quality materials ensure long life of the vibrating elements. Heating system The heaters used in the ROMER bathtubs are made of the highest quality materials and are made of high temperature resistant ceramic elements. The heating system used ensures great thermal efficiency, hot water automatically mixes with cold water, heating the entire bathtub. Ultrasonic transducers Ultrasonic elements used in ROMER washers are installed in immersion modules, which better reflect vibrations and are exchangeable. The ultrasound range is 20-40kHz depending on the washed element, lower frequencies are used for large elements of high strength, lower for jewelry, sensitive mechanical systems, etc. All transducers are connected by high temperature resistant cables.

Year of construction: 2020, condition: new, Washers Ultrasonic Baths for washing, phosphatizing, chromating, degreasing, removing paint coatings materials In ROMER Ultrasonic Washers, stainless steel is used which provides protection against acids. Bathtubs have an additional insulation wall, so they do not lose temperature and heat up faster. Good quality materials ensure long life of the vibrating elements. Heating system The heaters used in the ROMER bathtubs are made of the highest quality materials and are made of high temperature resistant ceramic elements. The heating system used ensures great thermal efficiency, hot water automatically mixes with cold water, heating the entire bathtub. Ultrasonic transducers Ksdofz Dtzspfx Ah Nell Ultrasonic elements used in ROMER washers are installed in immersion modules, which better reflect vibrations and are exchangeable. The ultrasound range is 20-40kHz depending on the washed element, lower frequencies are used for large elements of high strength, lower for jewelry, sensitive mechanical systems, etc. All transducers are connected by high temperature resistant cables.

Year of construction: 2020, condition: new, ROMER® deals with the production of single technological equipment for powder coating plants as well as complete fully automatic turnkey coating plants. ROMER® provides heating solutions for the aero and automotive industries for the largest corporations in the world. Kodefz Ndyepfx Ah Njll We provide warranty and post-warranty service for devices sold by us with a full range of spare parts. the trawl applied to a poorly prepared surface will fall off or corrode after a short period of time. Ensuring the best coating is essentially good degreasing - which is the basis of any painting. The coating of a poorly degreased detail will fall off after a very short time. After degreasing, the next step is to tear down the outer coating of the detail, which improves paint adhesion, e.g. when bending sheet metal, and protection, e.g. with a phosphate layer, which in turn will prolong corrosion resistance. There are many solutions that solve the above issues. What is the most important thing in a powder coating shop? You probably don't have experience with the applicator. Nothing more wrong, even the best applicator will not help you if your oven has bad temperature distributions, in the place where the element is overheated, the paint will discolor and where not heated, the paint will fall off. First of all, the stove is the most important. Oil, gas or electric furnace? You don't know how to power your stove? how is cheaper what does this involve? What are the operating costs? We will try to answer your questions. Depending on the customer's requirements, transport systems can move on the floor or be suspended on poles. - For comfortable solutions for manual installations, we recommend suspended cross traverses (cross transport). - For automated systems, chain conveyors are most often used that do not stop and are a great solution for companies that focus on quality and repeatability of the process. - For companies that make different items at the same time and have e.g. several cabins with different colors, flexible solutions with the use of the power-and-free conveyor are used. This is the most expensive solution.

Year of construction: 2020, condition: new, ROMER® deals with the production of single technological equipment for powder coating plants as well as complete fully automatic turnkey coating plants. ROMER® provides heating solutions for the aero and automotive industries for the largest corporations in the world. We provide warranty and post-warranty service for devices sold by us with a full range of spare parts. the trawl applied to a poorly prepared surface will fall off or corrode after a short period of time. Klsdpfsflrc Sjx Ah Nol Ensuring the best coating is essentially good degreasing - which is the basis of any painting. The coating of a poorly degreased detail will fall off after a very short time. After degreasing, the next step is to tear down the outer coating of the detail, which improves paint adhesion, e.g. when bending sheet metal, and protection, e.g. with a phosphate layer, which in turn will prolong corrosion resistance. There are many solutions that solve the above issues. What is the most important thing in a powder coating shop? You probably don't have experience with the applicator. Nothing more wrong, even the best applicator will not help you if your oven has bad temperature distributions, in the place where the element is overheated, the paint will discolor and where not heated, the paint will fall off. First of all, the stove is the most important. Oil, gas or electric furnace? You don't know how to power your stove? how is cheaper what does this involve? What are the operating costs? We will try to answer your questions. Depending on the customer's requirements, transport systems can move on the floor or be suspended on poles. - For comfortable solutions for manual installations, we recommend suspended cross traverses (cross transport). - For automated systems, chain conveyors are most often used that do not stop and are a great solution for companies that focus on quality and repeatability of the process. - For companies that make different items at the same time and have e.g. several cabins with different colors, flexible solutions with the use of the power-and-free conveyor are used. This is the most expensive solution.

Year of construction: 2020, condition: new, ROMER® deals with the production of single technological equipment for powder coating plants as well as complete fully automatic turnkey coating plants. ROMER® provides heating solutions for the aero and automotive industries for the largest corporations in the world. We provide warranty and post-warranty service for devices sold by us with a full range of spare parts. the trawl applied to a poorly prepared surface will fall off or corrode after a short period of time. Ensuring the best coating is essentially good degreasing - which is the basis of any painting. The coating of a poorly degreased detail will fall off after a very short time. After degreasing, the next step is to tear down the outer coating of the detail, which improves paint adhesion, e.g. when bending sheet metal, and protection, e.g. with a phosphate layer, which in turn will prolong corrosion resistance. There are many solutions that solve the above issues. What is the most important thing in a powder coating shop? You probably don't have experience with the applicator. Nothing more wrong, even the best applicator will not help you if your oven has bad temperature distributions, in the place where the element is overheated, the paint will discolor and where not heated, the paint will fall off. Kedpfjfz A H Dox Ah Noll First of all, the stove is the most important. Oil, gas or electric furnace? You don't know how to power your stove? how is cheaper what does this involve? What are the operating costs? We will try to answer your questions. Depending on the customer's requirements, transport systems can move on the floor or be suspended on poles. - For comfortable solutions for manual installations, we recommend suspended cross traverses (cross transport). - For automated systems, chain conveyors are most often used that do not stop and are a great solution for companies that focus on quality and repeatability of the process. - For companies that make different items at the same time and have e.g. several cabins with different colors, flexible solutions with the use of the power-and-free conveyor are used. This is the most expensive solution.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2020, READY TO USE IMMEDIATELY! This degreasing system operates under vacuum with modified alcohol. Degreasing of metal components contaminated with oil and chips from machining. Suitable solvents: modified alcohols Class AIII hydrocarbons (flash point > 55°C) Ultrasonic Weber 750W 40kHz Double loading table Klodpfx Ahehg Ugie Nol Double bag filter Lubrication Corrosion protection (spraying) Cartridge filter Very good condition (system has been used very little) 6-month warranty From Service Metalclean AG System processes: spray, immersion, ultrasonic, and vapor degreasing including vacuum drying. Specifications: Basket dimensions: 480 x 320 x 200 mm (h) Maximum load: 50 kg Average batches per hour: up to 5 System dimensions: 1600 x 1600 x 2400 mm (h) System weight: 2300 kg Connected load: 16 kW Energy consumption: 10 kW/h Solvent volume: approx. 250 liters

Condition: refurbished (used), Year of construction: 2002, operating hours: 38,650 h, functionality: fully functional, Solvent system Completely overhauled. 3 tanks. Ultrasonic immersion/spraying/vapor degreasing/vacuum drying. Integrated distiller with automatic oil discharge. Automatic loading 5+5. Shopping cart dimensions 4x T520xW320xH200. Fill volume 1000L Kedpfxewndu Ue Ah Nsll

Year of construction: 2012, condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Optimal for degreasing, optionally also for preservation Kljdpfx Aowzkuboh Nsl Automatic loading – basket rotation Vacuum drying Batch size: 530 x 320 x 200 You can find more equipment on our homepage under Used Equipment

Condition: new, color: grey, overall weight: 10,000 kg, maximum load weight: 9,290 kg, empty load weight: 710 kg, loading space volume: 7 m³, gearing type: other, driver cabin: other, Vehicle location: inbound / in transit, steel body Kodpjvhiz Uefx Ah Nsll Body: skip container approx. 7 m³ asymmetric/open, skip container 7 cbm open asymmetric - old DIN Material quality: SJ235 (ST37-2) Floor plate / side plates: 6 / 4 mm Tipping bearings: triple, one-sided tipping bearing - with warning markings - UVV inspection label – Container tested and approved according to UVV - Continuous net or tarpaulin hooks - 4x mounting pins - Mounting pins and tipping bearings ST 52 - Corners reinforced inside and outside Container fully welded, degreased, shot-blasted, primed inside and outside with 40 µm alkyd primer, and finished externally with 40 µm alkyd resin paint in RAL7016 anthracite grey Price per unit! ACCESSORY DETAILS WITHOUT GUARANTEE, subject to changes, prior sale, and errors!

Condition: new, color: grey, overall weight: 10,000 kg, loading space volume: 10 m³, gearing type: other, driver cabin: other, Vehicle location: inbound / in transit, steel body Body: approximately 10m³ open, asymmetric roll-off container - old DIN standard Material grade: SJ235 (ST37-2) Floor plate / wall plates: 6 / 4 mm Tipping bearings: triple-sided, single-sided tipping bearings - with warning markings - UVV sticker – container inspected and approved according to accident prevention regulations (UVV) - Continuous net or tarpaulin hooks Kjdpfx Ajvhi Afsh Nell - 4x mounting bolts - Mounting bolts and tipping bearings made from ST 52 - Corners reinforced inside and outside Container fully welded, degreased, shot-blasted, primed inside and outside with 40 µm alkyd primer, and painted outside with 40 µm alkyd resin paint in RAL7016 anthracite grey Price per unit! ACCESSORY SPECIFICATIONS WITHOUT WARRANTY, subject to change, prior sale, and errors! -

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), Year of construction: 2025, functionality: fully functional, This degreasing system operates under vacuum (pressure swing process) with modified alcohol or hydrocarbon. (New system) 12-month warranty Immediately available from St. Gallen With vacuum pressure swing process System process: spray, immersion, ultrasonic, and steam degreasing including vacuum drying. Specifications: Ultrasonic 2*1000 W - 25 kHz Double fine filter Chamber door in bulletproof glass 2-tank system, capacity 400L Double distillation and residual distillation Automatic oil discharge 3-stage water separation Electropolished chamber for ultra-fine cleaning Screw vacuum pump (latest generation) Loading trolley 2 wash baskets, mesh size 7mm and 12mm Kjdpsqy H H Dofx Ah Noll 12" touch panel Prepared for automatic loading Maximum basket size (480 x 320 x 200 mm) Maximum load weight 100 kg System dimensions 2400 x 2400 x 3300 mm System weight (basic version) 2500 kg Color RAL 9003 (white) RAL 7021 (black)

Year of construction: 2025, condition: as good as new (ex-display), HD washbasin - HD brush washbasin Washstand has an adjustable 60 bar HD pump with which the cleaning takes place in a closed working chamber. The cleaning is done by means of aqueous degreaser (10kg included in delivery) and at approx. 45°C. Viewing window incl. lighting Medium filtration via candle filter Comfort operation by means of foot switch inclusive turntable technical data: Working surface: 800 x 600 mm useful height: 400 mm load capacity: 50 kg Operating pressure: adjustable up to max. 60 bar Pump capacity: 14 lt/min Washing temperature: adjustable up to max. 45°C Tank capacity: 100 lt Ksdpfx Ajd H Umreh Nell Heating capacity: 3.000 W Power, total: 7,0 kW Voltage: 400 V ac 1 P+N+PE; Frequency: 50 Hz Machine weight: approx. 140 kg Overall dimensions with open lid: 1,100 x 910 x 2,020 mm

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), Year of construction: 2025, HD washbasin - HD brush washbasin The washbasin has an adjustable 60 bar high pressure pump with which cleaning takes place in a closed work area. The cleaning takes place with an aqueous degreaser (10kg included in delivery) and at approx. 45 ° C. Viewing window including lighting Medium filtration through a candle filter Comfort operation by means of a foot switch including turntable Technical specifications: Working area: 1,200 x 700 mm Kedohl Ifzepfx Ah Njll Usable height: 400 mm Payload: 50 kg Operating pressure: adjustable up to max. 60 bar Pump output: 14 lt / min Washing temperature: adjustable up to max. 45 ° C Tank capacity: 170 lt Heating capacity: 4,000 W. Total output: 8.0 kW Voltage: 400 V ac 1 P + N + PE; Frequency: 50 Hz Machine weight: approx. 180 kg Overall dimensions with the lid open: 1,480 x 991 x 2,080 mm

Year of construction: 2025, condition: new, functionality: fully functional, load capacity: 75 kg, The Wave 450 parts cleaning unit is a very flexible vacuum assisted degreasing machine able to perform an high degree of parts decontamination. All the operations such degreasing cycle as spray, immersion jets, ultrasonic, as well the distillation and filtration process and parts drying treatment are sequenced in automatic way and in a total vacuum ambient. The Wave 450 machine can operate with: Modified Alcohol solvents (MA) / Hydrocarbons Class III (H-III) / Chlorinated (PER) Those solvents are specifically used when the demand calls for a strong degreasing phase, evaporate completely without leaving debris residues on the processed parts. Standard features Kljdpowc Sdaofx Ah Nsl  Continuous solvent distillation  Full solvent distillation  Sludge stripping 2nd distiller Oil/solvent separation  Full solvent filtration at each cycle  Chip drying and deodorizing before emptying by the operator  Chip drying and deodorizing before opening / cleaning by the operator  Vacuum / solvent charging - discharging system  Water/solvent separation Distillation The distillation of the solvent enalble to maintain unchanged the degreasing power of the solvent. All our systems offer the double stage distiller as standard, guaranteeing the separation between solvent and oils, further expulsion of water takes place in the water separator. PLC S7 and HMI 12" Siemens are a standard feature The machine is compliant to Industry 4.0 and so Industry 5.0. Basket dimension is: mm 480 x 300 x 200 H

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, pressure: 6 bar, compressed air connection: 6 bar, operating pressure: 6 bar, warranty duration: 12 months, total width: 1,500 mm, total height: 1,000 mm, total length: 1,500 mm, type of input current: three-phase, suction capacity: 1,500 m³/h, turntable diameter: 1,200 mm, Equipment: cabin, Wet-blasting machines PP-UM are designed to manage an homogeneuos mixture of shot, air, water and as requested detergent. The final result is a soft blasting process on the surface (in comparison to a dry blasting process). The common media blasting shots are corundum, silicates and glass beads. A special pump (heavy duty design for aggressive liquids) allows to maintain homogeneously the solution and delivers the mixture to the blasting gun/guns. The compressed air guarantee the correct shot impact on the surface (6-8 bars). Kedpewdgi Hofx Ah Nsll The process can be manual or fully automated as machines model PP-UA, complete equipped with in-out motorized work table, 2 axis gantry robot…) allow to set a fully automatic process. The machines can be equipped with paper-filter in order to remove the light oil contaminants to the recirculating solution (avoiding the degreasing of the pieces before the treatment).

Year of construction: 2025, condition: as good as new (ex-display), Parts cleaning machine / spray cleaning system type TR450 The spray rotary cleaning system type TR450 is an automatic cleaning and degreasing system with a cover that can be easily opened upwards. The system is designed for cleaning individual parts and/or bulk goods in baskets measuring LxWxH 520x320x200h mm. The basket must be closed with a lid for the cleaning process. The cleaning result depends on the fact that the parts can be easily circulated in the basket in the case of bulk goods. The fill level in the basket must be observed for this. The system is also equipped with a flood tray under the basket, which enables the parts to be scooped up in a flood, thus achieving an even better cleaning result. Kedpefbt Siefx Ah Njll including the following equipment: - Completely made of stainless steel 1.4301 inside and out - Level monitoring and automatic fresh water refill - Insulation of the entire system - Hot air drying (output: 11.6 kW) - Steam vapor extraction - Oil skimmer for bath maintenance - Automatic fresh water refill - 1 small parts basket 520x320x200h mm, mesh size: 6x6 mm, incl. height-adjustable lid Connected load: approx. 20 kW (32 amp plug)