Used Stamping for sale (502)

Condition: good (used), 2 columns punching tool, cutting tool, punching tool, punch, punching die, punching die, column frame -Punching tool: 2 columns -Stroke: 40mm -Stamp: without accessories, see photos -Dimensions: 245/240/H240 mm -Weight: 30 kg Pjdpfx Adomxpt Sonord

Year of construction: 2012, operating hours: 3,200 h, condition: used, Field of application: Construction Please contact ATS Norway for more information Please provide reference number upon request: 16748 Specifications: - 2012 model - About 3200 hours - Roof comes with - Comes with widths, then it adds 4 m width - Stamping knives - Feed sensor - Services taken by owner - Ready for delivery Pedpfx Aev U Sa Hodnjrd Description: Bomag asphalt paver with 3200 hours. Lays everything from 1.8 - 4 meters. Ready for delivery Hours: 3200

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2001, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 170610, Stamping machine with heated stamping head Psdjxy Rk Depfx Adnsrd

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2004, Immediately available from Swiss operation: CNC Punch – Nibbling Machine Boschert Type TWIN 750 CNC/Z Year of manufacture: 2004 Working area: 810 x 1500 mm Sheet length with repositioning up to 9999 mm Table: 750 x 3500 mm Revotol 6 Hydraulic punching force: 28 tons Max. workpiece weight: 200 kg Strokes/min: 250 Predpfx Aoxy N Ubodnod Strokes/min with fast cycling: 800 X-axis speed: 60 m/min Y-axis speed: 30 m/min Simultaneous X & Y-axis speed: 67 m/min Trumpf tooling Accuracy: plus/minus 0.05 mm Connection: 4.8 / 11 kW Complete tooling included Weight: 11.5 tons Price: EUR 9,000.– plus VAT ex location

Condition: good (used), functionality: fully functional, input voltage: 400 V, working width: 600 mm, total width: 750 mm, total length: 750 mm, total height: 1,250 mm, DGUV certified until: 12/2026, type of input current: three-phase, conveyor belt width: 600 mm, Bread roll stamping machine Eberhardt STA 5 x 7 Prodpoq T N A Uofx Adned for Kaiserstüpfler, star rolls and button rolls with 3 stamping boxes mobile machine connection 400V, 16A-CEE plug used machine Other bakery machines in stock!

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2023, operating hours: 5,001 h, functionality: fully functional, X working area max.: 3000 mm Y working area max.: 1500 mm Control: TRUMPF Control based on Rexroth IndraMotion MTX Machine: - Closed machine frame - Hybrid axis system - Linear magazine with 24 slots for clamps and tools - Hydraulic clamps (3 pieces) - Drives with maintenance-free three-phase motors - Repositioning with programmable hold-down device - Foot pedal for clamp closing - Parts chute on the right Punching Head: - Delta Drive - Rotatable mono-tool holder - Programmable hold-down position - Tool length compensation - Punch lubrication spray system - Punch slug extraction - Forming function - Stroke counter for punches Control: - TRUMPF Control based on Rexroth IndraMotion MTX - Touch panel with 19" TFT color display - Touchpoint - Programmable cutting gas pressure - Automatic shut-off - Remote support interface - Program management - Production planning Data Transmission: - USB interface - RJ-45 network interface - Central Link - Online Update Manager Safety: - CE marking and EC Machinery Directive - Dual-beam safety light curtain Extended Standard Equipment: - 1st positioning pin (inside right) + Brush tables + MultiTool + Thread forming with thread counter + Thread-former breakage monitoring + Lubricant level monitoring + Marking/rapid beading + Deburring and rolling technology + Adaptive stroke calibration + Die lubrication spray system + Smart Punch Monitoring + Parts flap on the left + Parts conveyor belt for parts flap left + Collection tray for parts conveyor left + Sensor for parts chute + Parts conveyor for parts chute right + Additional clamp + 4x individually openable clamps + 4x height-adjustable clamps + Automatic clamp closing loading sensor system + Optical loading sensor + Automatic repositioning movement to compensate for loading tolerance + Repositioning device for DeltaDrive + Vibration-dampened installation + Chip conveyor with tilting bin + Machine status light + Warpage detection + Wireless Operation Point SheetMaster Compact 3000 x 1500 (AK05): - Loading station with spreading magnet for sheet separation - Suction frame - Vacuum sensors - Double sheet detection - Unloading cart for residual grids and microjoint sheets - Second operator station for loading and unloading + Compact setup for light grid and reference point system + Peeling system SortMaster Compact: - Machine-integrated automated small part removal - Suction frame for unloading good parts up to 600 x 400 mm (X x Y) - 2 suction bars (each suction cup individually controllable) - Unloading area 600 x 800 mm - Vacuum sensors for the suction circuits + X-axis extension - Extension of the unloading area to 1200 x 800 mm Pjdpfx Asxxbwxsdnjrd

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2020, functionality: fully functional, conveyor belt length: 17,000 mm, conveyor belt width: 1,500 mm, total length: 18,000 mm, total width: 2,300 mm, total height: 6,000 mm, discharge height: 4,500 mm, type of input current: three-phase, Equipment: CE marking, documentation/manual, Cometel C-1500-CH (P = 10”) Short summary The Cometel C-1500-CH (P = 10") is a heavy-duty chain conveyor engineered for high-volume removal of stamping scrap and industrial recycling materials. Designed for continuous service in demanding environments, the C-1500-CH features a robust chain-and-flight conveyor design with modular components and simple maintenance, making it suitable for metal stamping facilities, recycling centers, or any application requiring fast and reliable evacuation of substantial quantities of chips, slugs, and scrap. Key features - Heavy-duty chain & flight system: 10” pitch chain (P = 10") fitted with welded steel flights, sized to transport irregular, sharp, and high-density scrap materials without jamming. - Rugged construction: Structural steel chassis with wear-resistant liners in the trough and impact zones; available upgrades include stainless steel or Hardox wear plates for handling abrasive or corrosive materials. - Modular and configurable: Standardized modules for various lengths, widths, and flight heights allow adaptation to different machine lines, presses, or scrap bunkers. Pedpsxywfhjfx Adnsrd - High throughput capability: Engineered for continuous, high-capacity operation—ideal for bulk scrap flows found in metal stamping and recycling applications (capacity varies with material density, width, and flight dimensions). - Powerful drive & gearbox: Industrial gearmotor with torque reserve for peak loads; available soft-start function reduces mechanical stress during start-up. - Simple installation & integration: Flanged connections and precision alignment features enable rapid installation to presses, hoppers, balers, or downstream systems. - Maintenance-friendly: Quick-access inspection covers, greaseable chain pins, and replaceable wear strips minimize downtime and service requirements. - Safety & compliance: Fitted with safety guards, emergency stop cables, and optional safety interlocks to meet industrial safety standards; custom guarding available for robot or press interfaces. Typical materials handled - Stamping scrap (slugs, burrs, strips) - Sheet metal offcuts and coil edge trim - Heavier machining chips and fragmented scrap (with optional coolant drainage) - Mixed metal recycling streams (ferrous and non-ferrous)

Condition: excellent (used), Eos EOSINT plastic laser-sintering system Here we offer an Eos EOSINT plastic laser-sintering system. Eos EOSINT Plastic Laser-Sintering-System P380 The EOS P380 system includes the following Installation space container Powder container Overflow tank Cooler: Termo TEK Termochiller Type: 802-18644-3 Unpacking stamp Removal trolley 3DM 8 zone process chamber heating 250°C Each zone individually adjustable, homogeneous temperature field ± 1°C Kelvin 350mm x 350mm x 610mm Voltage 3/N/PE/ 400V AC Frequency 50 Hz Connected load 8 kW Fuse 32 A Prjdpfxsft R Swe Adnod MAX. Laser power 100 W Laser class open 4 Laser class Closed 1 Weight 850 kg Type: EOSINT P 380 condition: used / used Scope of delivery: (see picture) (Changes and errors in the technical data, specifications are reserved!) We can answer further questions for you on the phone.

Year of construction: 1999, condition: used, The Ilpra FS 5000 is equipped with twin stages of all stations, the filling heads are built to fill various products ie. Yoghurt, Cream, Sauces, Milk, Fruit pieces of 1 cm, Custard, Etc. The easy maintenance makes these machines highly recommended in production floors keeping productivity at a steady pace. Ilpra cup fillers are mainly driven by a main motor and signals for the air cylinders to take action on each station. The filling volumes depend on the clients needs, therefor these have a standard filling volume of 50-500 ml per cup, we can enlarge the filling volume by increasing the diameter of the filling cylinder on request. Cup Diameter: 95 mm Outside diameter Filling Range: 50-500 grams Capacity: 4800 cups/Hour Prjdpfsxyh R Uex Adnjd Stations: Cup Dispenser -> Filling -> Aluminium Lid Applicator -> Sealing -> Date Stamping -> Out-feed Conveyor Guarding: Fully Enclosed Cabin Control Panle: Simple Push button Controls Air Requirements: 6 Bar Pressure Electrical Requirements: 400 v / 3 phase / 50 -60 hz Filling Type: Piston Volumetric Filling Hopper: Included Condition: Good Condition Serviced

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2007, 1 numbering stamp Prjdpfx Adjxyfr Aensd

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2024, operating hours: 100 h, Automatic wooden pallet production line. Manufacturer - STORTI  Year - 2024 Capacity - 4-5 pallets/min. The pallet legs (logs) are fed automatically on a chain conveyor belt, then the upper elements are positioned in the molds by the operator. It moves to the first nailing machine where the upper part of the pallet is assembled. It is automatically rotated 180 degrees and prepared for the assembly of the lower part of the pallet in the second nailing machine. The corner chamfering, longitudinal milling and stamping of the pallet are then automatically performed. Prjdpfoxwl Daox Adnod The newly formed pallet enters the automatic stacking installation with 90 degree rotation and turning function. NOTE : Line is instaled in 2025 and make 100 hours !   New line just put into operation!

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1999, operating hours: 52,324 h, functionality: fully functional, X working area max.: 1270 mm Y working area max.: 1270 mm Control: Bosch Type 3 Basic Standard equipment: - Robust C-frame - Safety light barriers - Coordinate guide with integrated linear magazine - 2 clamping claws - Automatic tool changer - Automatic repositioning - Tool length compensation - Forming capability - Mono tool holder with 360° rotation for all tools - Programmable hold-down device - Multitool drive - Punch slug extraction - Brush tables - Part chute 200 x 200 mm, sorting of parts into 2 containers - NC-controlled, digital, maintenance-free three-phase drives Prsdpfx Adsxxbdlenod - Network interface RJ34 - 3.5" floppy disk drive - TOPS 2000 graphical programming - Online diagnostics via modem - Operating manual + Vibration-damped installation + Multitool + Thread forming + Start post

Condition: used, This listing is for a Thermo Scientific Orion AQUAfast Colorimeter. The unit is in full working condition and is ready for immediate release. The Thermo Scientific Orion AQUAfast Colorimeter is a robust and versatile multi-parameter instrument designed for efficient water and wastewater analysis. With over 90 pre-programmed methods, including tests for key nutrients such as total nitrogen and total phosphate, this colorimeter offers precise and reliable results for a wide range of testing needs. Ideal for both laboratory and field use, the AQUAfast colorimeter features automatic wavelength selection, a waterproof design, and user-friendly features to simplify and enhance the testing process. Prsdpfoxx Acpex Adnjd Key Features: Rugged Waterproof Design: With an IP67 rating, this colorimeter is built for durable performance in challenging environments, making it perfect for both field and laboratory applications. Extensive Preprogrammed Methods: Includes over 90 preprogrammed methods for common water and wastewater parameters, such as total nitrogen and total phosphate, ensuring easy and accurate testing for a variety of needs. Automatic Wavelength Selection: The colorimeter automatically selects from 6 LED wavelengths (430, 530, 560, 580, 610, and 660 nm) to match the optimal wavelength for each test parameter, improving efficiency and accuracy. Countdown Timer: The built-in countdown timer ensures precise and consistent timing for all tests, helping users achieve repeatable results with ease. Data Storage: Capable of storing up to 1000 test results with a date and time stamp for easy data management and review. Long Battery Life: Enjoy extended operation with up to 26 hours of continuous use or 3500 tests, making it ideal for long fieldwork sessions. Multilingual User Interface: The interface supports multiple languages, including English, French, German, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, and Spanish, making it accessible for a wide range of users. Compatible with Thermo Scientific Orion Reagents: Use with Thermo Scientific Orion reagents ensures high accuracy and consistency in test results. Specifications: Wavelengths: 6 LED wavelengths (430, 530, 560, 580, 610, and 660 nm) Preprogrammed Methods: Over 90 methods for common water/wastewater analysis Data Storage: 1000 readings with date/time stamp Battery Life: Up to 26 hours continuous use or 3500 tests User Interface: Multilingual (English, French, German, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Spanish) Waterproof Rating: IP67 Countdown Timer: Yes, for precise test control Dimensions: Portable and lightweight for field use (exact dimensions available on request)

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2008, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: EMZ3610116, punching force: 30 t, sheet thickness (max.): 4 mm, sheet thickness steel (max.): 4 mm, sheet thickness aluminum (max.): 4 mm, sheet thickness brass (max.): 3 mm, sheet thickness copper (max.): 3 mm, working range: 3,000 mm, type of input current: three-phase, travel distance X-axis: 2,500 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 1,500 mm, Equipment: safety light barrier, EMZ 3610 fully functional. The machine can be inspected while in operation. Maintenance has been carried out annually without interruption by Amada. Please feel free to submit a counteroffer including disassembly. The machine will be available around mid-December. Prodpsxxyvgefx Adned

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2022, controller manufacturer: Sonstige, controller model: AMNC-3i, _____ Description: Control : Sonstige AMNC-3i Movement X/Y/Z : 3000/1500 mm Technical data Punching machine:EMK-3612MII (58) Punching force:300 kN Prjdpfxsxvv Tve Adnsd Positioning accuracy:± 0.1 mm Number of tool stations:58 Machine frame:Bridge frame Machine table type:Brush table Punching drive:Servo-electric dual drive Travel range (X x Y):1525 x 3050 mm Control:AMNC-3i (21.5" screen size) Features :Punch & forming function :Good parts flap :scrap conveyor system Dimensions Length:5436 mm Width:6212 mm Height:2342 mm Weight:21500 kg

Condition: repair required (used), 3-column press Installation dimensions: W 350 mm x L 200 mm x H 250 mm Podpfjxxm Aaex Adnsrd incl. roller feed

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2017, operating hours: 8,000 h, machine/vehicle number: S1631C0399, control type: CNC control, degree of automation: automatic, actuation type: electric, controller manufacturer: TRUMPF, controller model: TruLaser Cell 8030, laser type: fiber laser, laser source manufacturer: TRUMPF, laser source model: TruDisk 3000, laser hours: 8,000 h, laser power: 3,000 W, laser wavelength: 1,030 nm, TRUMPF TruLaser Cell 8030 – 3D Laser – 2017 – 3 kW TruDisk is one of the most advanced and efficient 3D laser cutting machines in the world, widely used in the automotive industry, especially for processing hot-formed stamped components, body parts, rocker panels, and B-pillars. The machine is equipped with a TRUMPF TruDisk 3000 fiber laser (3 kW), offering high cutting quality, process stability, and low operating costs. The system features a 5-axis motion system and a spacious, ergonomic working chamber. Technical Data: Manufacturer: TRUMPF Laser- und Systemtechnik GmbH (Germany) Model: TruLaser Cell 8030 Type: L60 Year of manufacture: 2017 Serial number: S1631C0399 Laser: TRUMPF TruDisk Laser type: solid-state fiber laser Laser power: 3000 W (3 kW) Podpfx Adsxxl A Eensrd Wavelength: 1030 nm Operation: CNC Controller manufacturer: TRUMPF / Beckhoff Controller model: Beckhoff CX-Series (CX2030 / CX2040, TruControl system) Power supply: 400 V / 50 Hz Connected load: 45 kVA Protection: 3 × 100 A Media: electric + pneumatic (no hydraulics) Motion axes: 5-axis 3D machining Maximum cutting thickness: Mild steel: up to 6 mm Stainless steel: up to 4 mm Aluminium: up to 3 mm

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2018, operating hours: 2,206 h, machine/vehicle number: 2JK20, fuel type: gasoline, color: red, Empty weight: 2.840 kg Mast: articulated arm Working height: 2.000 cm CE mark: yes Technical condition: good Visual appearance: good Delivery terms: EXW Production country: IT Please contact Vink Machinery for more information Hinowa Lightlift 20.10 IIIS * 2018 * 2206 working hours * Gasoline and 230 volts * 20 meters working height * 10 meters horizontal range * Adjustable tracks * Remote Control * Stamp machine Pjdenh Nf Repfx Adnerd * incl. documents

Condition: used, This listing is for a Thermo Scientific Orion Star A211 Bench Top pH Meter. The unit is in full working condition and is ready for immediate release. The Orion Star A211 is designed for accurate and convenient pH measurement, making it essential for various laboratory applications. Key Features: Versatile Measurements: Capable of measuring pH, mV, ORP, and temperature, catering to a wide range of analytical needs. Advanced Calibration: Offers up to 5-point pH calibration with automatic recognition for common buffer standards (USA/NIST and DIN), ensuring high accuracy. Data Logging: Can log up to 2000 data point sets with time and date stamps, facilitating easy tracking of measurements for future reference. Data Transfer Capabilities: Easily transfer calibration and data logs via USB or RS232 to a printer or computer, streamlining data management and reporting. User-Friendly Design: Includes an electrode stand for convenient placement and storage of sensors, along with a comprehensive keypad featuring menu-specific function keys for intuitive operation. Pjdpfxexxy I Aj Adnjrd Multilingual Support: Supports multiple languages (English, Spanish, French, Italian, German, and Chinese), making it accessible for diverse users. Backlit Graphic LCD Display: Displays critical information, including pH/mV/RmV, temperature, electrode status, time, date, sample ID, user ID, and calibration points, ensuring that users have real-time access to vital data. Specifications: pH Range: -2 to 20 mV Range: ±2000.0 mV Temperature Range: -5°C to 105°C Resolution: pH: 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 mV: 0.1 Temperature: 0.1°C Accuracy: pH: ±0.002 mV: ±0.2 mV or ±0.05% of reading (whichever is greater) Calibration Points: 1 to 5 Data Management: Ability to transfer single, range, or all data points to a printer or computer.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1993, pressing force: 160 t, Press brake used Make: BBM Model: AP ME 160-40 year of construction 1993 Psdpfx Adetufbnsnsrd Pressure capacity 160 to. folding length 4050 mm Table width 190 mm Stroke 250 mm throat 315 mm Equipment CNC control Swivel operation at the front right CNC backgauge (X-axis) CNC electric depth adjustment Manually adjustable stop fingers adjustable table crowning, by crank Rear and side guards 3 front support arms Double foot switch Accessories: 2 Multi-V-matrices as well as 1 brand. Deer foot stamp

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2016, FAM Lifis 2 V-belt Slicer High-performing V-belt slicer for larger diameter products. The Lifis 2 is designed for uniform crosscut slicing of leafy-type vegetables and long-shaped products at high production outputs. It offers food processors precision cutting along with substantial savings in production time and product waste. Its clean cut quality leads to longer product shelf life for fresh-sliced products. The Lifis.2 can be supplied with a large number of interchangeable cutting wheels offering maximum flexibility in cut sizes and types (flat slice, crinkle slice, square pieces etc.). Applications The Lifis.2 accepts products up to a size of 220 mm (8 21/32”) for compressible leafy-type vegetables. It is particularly suitable for gentle cutting of all types of lettuce (romaine, radicchio, oak, gem, etc.) and spinach. Pre-cutting may be necessary for some large products. It also handles both round and elongated firm products such as celery, rhubarb, zucchini, iceberg, and cabbage heads up to 180 mm (7 3/32”) in diameter. CUT SHAPES & SIZES Cut shapes: Flat cut slices, shreds and stamps (rectangular slices) Prjdpfx Asxw Ultedned Cut sizes: Various cut sizes possible from 2mm up to 38mm for firm products and up to 80mm for leafy vegetables Capacity in kg/h: Up to 9.000 kg/h, depending on product, cutting size and Manufacturer: FAM Model: Lifis 2 Year: 2016 Max. product input size solid products: Diameter 180mm Max. product input size compressible products: Diameter 220mm Capacity: Up to 9.000 kg/h (depends on product) Power: 4kW / 50Hz / 400V Machine Dimensions LxWxH: 343x106x147 cm Machine Weight: 650 kg.

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, measuring range Z-axis: 500 mm, incl. calibration part, 4 measuring pins with balls, 1 battery unit with charging station, in very good condition Psdpfx Asxxmupsdnerd

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1964, A3 platen with HAKRO hot foil stamping device Predpfjxvcquex Adned available at short notice

Condition: used, This listing is for a Jenway 3540 pH & Conductivity Meter. The unit is in full working condition and is ready for immediate release. The Jenway 3540 is a versatile combined pH and conductivity meter tailored for water testing applications in laboratories. Its compact design and dual functionality make it an excellent choice for efficient analysis of both parameters. Key Features: - Conductivity Measurement Range: Measures conductivity from 0.01 μS/cm to 1.999 S/cm, suitable for various water quality assessments. - pH Measurement Range: Capable of measuring pH levels from 2 to 20.000, accommodating a wide range of samples. - Temperature Measurement Range: Operates within -10.0 to 105.0°C (14 to 221°F), enabling measurements in diverse environmental conditions. - Versatile Measurement Options: Includes salinity and TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) measurement, resistivity, and ORP/Redox measurement via the pH channel. Predpfx Adjxxymxsnod - Ultra-Pure Water Function: Ensures ideal temperature compensation for precise readings in ultra-pure water applications. - Temperature Compensation: Offers both manual and automatic temperature compensation with an adjustable temperature coefficient (0.00 to 10.00 % per °C). - Adjustable Conductivity-to-TDS Factor: Customize the TDS factor from 0.4 to 1.0 for accurate conversions based on specific sample conditions. - User-Friendly Features: Selectable units for temperature (°C/°F), ready indicator, and measurement hold features enhance usability. - Data Management: Store up to 500 data sets with date and time stamps, ensuring comprehensive record-keeping. - Output Options: USB or RS232 output enables easy data transfer to software or printers, facilitating analysis and reporting. - GLP-Compliant Data Storage: Maintains compliance with Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) standards for traceability. - Compact Design: Features a built-in stand and wall-mount option, saving valuable lab space. Applications: - Water Quality Testing:Ideal for testing pH and conductivity in drinking water, wastewater, and industrial applications. - Laboratory Research:Useful in laboratories for environmental monitoring and experimental setups requiring precise pH and conductivity measurements. - Aquaculture and Hydroponics:Supports monitoring water parameters critical to fish farming and soil-less cultivation, ensuring optimal growing conditions.

Condition: used, This listing is for a Zebra TLP 3842 Printer. The unit is in full working condition and is ready for immediate release. The Zebra TLP 3842 is a thermal transfer barcode printer designed for high-quality printing of labels, tags, and barcodes. Its advanced technology ensures clear, precise output, making it ideal for various labelling needs. Key Specifications: Print Resolution: 300 dpi resolution allows for high-quality graphics and small text, ensuring legibility and detail. Print Width: Supports a maximum print width of 4 inches, accommodating a range of label sizes. Connectivity: Equipped with multiple interfaces: Parallel, Serial, and USB, providing flexible connectivity options for different setups. Memory: 512 KB RAM and 1 MB Flash memory support efficient processing and storage of label formats and graphics. Power Supply: Comes with a U.S. power supply; a dispenser option is also available for added functionality. Real-Time Clock: Note that the printer does not include a real-time clock, which may be relevant for time-stamping labels. Applications: Prescription Bottle Labelling: Ideal for pharmacies requiring accurate and clearly printed labels for medications, ensuring compliance and safety. Laboratory Specimen Labelling: Perfect for labs needing to label samples and specimens clearly, minimizing the risk of mis-identification. Prsdoxxyl Ijpfx Adnsd Electrical Component and Mechanical Part Labelling: Useful in manufacturing settings for labelling parts and components, aiding in inventory management and traceability.