Used Much Hand Saw for sale (15,311)

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2003, functionality: fully functional, saw blade diameter: 450 mm, Semi-automatic cold circular saw Make: Kaltenbach Model: KKS 450H Year of manufacture: 2003 Technical data: Manufacturer: Kaltenbach Model: KKS 450H Year: 2003 Saw blade diameter: 450 mm Mitre range: 180° rotary table Cutting capacity round: 150 mm Cutting capacity square: 140 mm Feed: hydraulic, infinitely adjustable Machine dimensions: L 1.10 x W 1.40 x H 2.0 m (plus roller conveyors) Fedpfx Aceyibwfo Nofu Weight: 1250 kg + roller conveyors Equipment: - Hydraulic retracting arm - Infeed roller conveyor, L = 6 m, with manual stop - Outfeed roller conveyor, L = 1 m All information subject to change without notice. A demonstration can be arranged anytime in our showroom.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1994, Window processing line, CNC window manufacturing plant, window angle machine -Manufacturer: Gubisch, Saw unit right left from window manufacturing plant type DST H -Motor: Fimec type H80SB25EF 4 kW / 2800 rpm -Shaft: Ø 30 x 70 mm -Saw blade: Ø 345 mm -Price/Fee: complete -Dimensions each: 470/410/H425 mm -Transport dimensions: 970/500/H425 mm Fedpfxeyibcze Ac Nefu -Weight: 87 kg

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2007, cutting width (max.): 1,060 mm, cutting height (max.): 1,060 mm, Bandsaw Kasto HBA 10×12 Year 2007 Cutting ranges: Cutting area round 1,060 mm Cutting area square 1,060 x 1,060 mm Cutting area flat 1,060 x 1,260 mm Clamping range 300 - 1,260 mm Smallest dimension to be sawn approx. Ø 300 mm Fodpfx Acowk D Efs Nsfu Smallest cut-off length 10 mm Minimum offcut length single cut 20 mm Minimum offcut length in automatic mode 100 mm Maximum table load 50 tons Table travel 6100 mm Total drive power 20 kW Saw motor 11 kW Infinitely variable cutting speed at 50 and 60 Hz 12 - 90 m/min Automatic feed length single 2,100 mm Clamping force of machine vice 50,000 N Saw blade dimensions 11,430 x 80 x 1.6 mm Cutting feed: infinitely variable Material feed: hydraulic Material clamping: hydraulic Saw blade guide: carbide, replaceable Saw blade tensioning: hydraulic Saw blade cleaning: with easily replaceable brush, motor-driven The offer is aimed exclusively at traders within the meaning of §14 BGB (German Civil Code) No sale to private individuals

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2007, Behringer HBM 540 A automatic band saw year of construction 2007 Working area flat 630x540 Round 540mm Ffodpfowi Ii Sjx Ac Neu Motor power saw drive 11KW Cutting speed 20-200m/min 2x infeed roller conveyor driven 6200mm width 1200mm each with cross feed Discharge roller conveyor 5030mm driven chip conveyor The offer is aimed exclusively at traders within the meaning of §14 BGB No sale to private individuals

Condition: excellent (used), CATALOGUE NUMBER 7065 TECHNICAL DATA - Max. saw blade diameter: 300 mm - Spindle diameter: 30 mm - Blade guards: 2 pieces - Pneumatic cutting (up/down blade movement) - Saw units adjustable at 45° - Manual spacing adjustment of the saw units - Min. cutting length at 90°: 220 mm - Max. cutting length at 90°: 2820 mm - Cutting width: 110 mm - Cutting height at 90 degrees: 90 mm - Pneumatic clamps: 2 pieces - Foot switch - Material support - Main motor: 2×1.6 kW - Dimensions (L/W/H): 3620x1100x1250 mm Fodpfox Sq E Iex Ac Nsfu - Weight approx. 500 kg – Unpainted – Tilting saw units – Used saw, in very good condition Net price: 13,900 PLN Net price: 3,300 EUR depending on the exchange rate 4.2 EUR (Prices may change with higher fluctuations)

Condition: used, mileage: 70,000 km, power: 120 kW (163.15 HP), first registration: 08/2023, fuel type: diesel, overall weight: 2,800 kg, color: white, gearing type: mechanical, emission class: euro6, number of seats: 3, Equipment: ABS, air conditioning, central locking, soot filter, Chat with us now via WhatsApp: Quick & easy contact with our sales advisor. Attention!!! Sale preferably to business customers. Internal ID Number: [ 3139 ] ----Optional packages: * 12–64 months warranty (valid EU-wide) * New inspection * New TÜV & emissions test * Nationwide delivery * Financing available even without down payment * Spring offer: On request and for an additional charge of only €999, increase towing capacity up to 3,500 kg (vehicle- and manufacturer-dependent). ----Vehicle highlights: * 19% VAT deductible * 1 owner * Euro 6 emission standard * Regularly serviced * German vehicle * Immediately ready for use Ffedpfx Ajyh Tknjc Nsu * Long wheelbase * Automatic climate control * Reversing camera * Cargo area with wood cladding Special features: Audio System Audio 30 (DAB, Bluetooth), DAB tuner (digital radio reception), rear door without glazing (opening angle 180 degrees), wood flooring in cargo area, comfort lighting in passenger/cargo area, spare wheel carrier at rear frame incl. jack, reversing camera, seats in driver’s cab: passenger seat as double bench, panelling in load/passenger compartment: plywood, lashing rails in cargo area - sidewalls at belt height, two-way speakers front Further equipment: 3-button remote for central locking, third brake light, adaptive brake light, passenger airbag, driver airbag, hill-start assist, trailer hitch: electrics for trailer socket, aspherical exterior mirrors both sides, electrically adjustable and heated exterior mirrors both sides, outside temperature display, roof rack fastening rails, BlueEfficiency package, brake assist, ceiling light in cargo area, Design and Equipment Line PRO, automatic headlight activation, driver assistance system: Attention Assist (fatigue sensor), breakdown management assistance system, crosswind assist, windscreen with antenna, 250 A alternator, speed limiter 210 km/h, cup holders front, seatbelt tensioners, lockable glove compartment, body/build: standard panel van, body/build: long, instrument cluster with pixel-matrix display, communication module (LTE) for digital services, main fuel tank 57 liters, full-width cargo partition, load securing/lashing points, steering wheel (mechanically adjustable), multi-function steering wheel incl. trip computer, Mercedes-Benz emergency call system, model update, engine 2.0 l – 120 kW CDI CAT, rear fog light, Pro, wheelbase 3,200 mm, tires 205/65 R16C 103/101 T, low emissions Euro 6d, windshield wipers with rain sensor, sliding side door right, seatbelt warning system (driver/passenger), seat cloth/upholstery: fabric, cab seats: driver comfort seat, driver’s seat with lumbar support, steel wheels 6.5x16, C-pillar panelling, half-height hard-fibre lining in load/passenger area, fleece battery 92 Ah, service interval display Assyst, heat-insulating glazing, perm. gross weight 2.80 t ----Leasing or financing needed? We offer attractive offers—even without down payment! Feel free to contact us. Contact: Phone: E-mail: Location: Nutzfahrzeuge West GmbH Rudolf-Diesel-Str. 2 45711 Datteln – Germany Opening hours: Mon–Fri: 9:00 – 18:00 Sat: 9:00 – 14:00 ----Note: All information provided online is non-binding.

Condition: used, mileage: 44,000 km, power: 88 kW (119.65 HP), first registration: 01/2020, fuel type: diesel, color: black, gearing type: mechanical, emission class: euro6, number of seats: 3, Equipment: ABS, air conditioning, central locking, soot filter, Now chat via WhatsApp: Contact our sales advisor quickly and easily. Attention!!! Preferential sale to business customers. Ffodpfx Acoyh Tkbo Nou Internal ID Number: [ 3156 ] ---Optional available: * 12-64 months warranty (valid EU-wide) * New inspection * New roadworthiness and emissions test (TÜV & AU) * Nationwide delivery * Financing possible even without a down payment * Spring offer: Upon request and for an additional charge of only €999, increase of trailer load capacity up to 3,500 kg (vehicle and manufacturer dependent). ---Vehicle Highlights: * 19% VAT deductible * 1 previous owner * Accident-free * Euro 6 standard * Regularly serviced * German vehicle * Immediately ready for use * Sortimo shelving system in the cargo area * Air conditioning * Roof rack * Tow bar * On-board computer * Bluetooth multimedia function * Reversing camera * Electric window lifters * Central locking * All-weather M+S tires * etc. ---Leasing or financing desired? We offer attractive terms – also possible without down payment! Feel free to contact us. Contact: Phone: E-Mail: Location: Nutzfahrzeuge West GmbH Rudolf-Diesel-Str. 2 45711 Datteln – Germany Opening hours: Mon–Fri: 9:00 am – 6:00 pm Sat: 9:00 am – 2:00 pm ---Note: All details on the internet are non-binding and serve only for general vehicle description. Errors, typing mistakes, and prior sale reserved. The binding condition of the vehicle results exclusively from the purchase contract on site or through written confirmations. Vehicles with a mileage over 50,000 km or older than 3 years are preferably sold to business customers.

Condition: used, mileage: 343,415 km, power: 220 kW (299.12 HP), first registration: 08/2018, fuel type: diesel, number of seats: 48, gearing type: automatic, emission class: euro6, color: white, brakes: retarder, Equipment: ABS, air conditioning, electronic stability program (ESP), parking heater, +++1st hand+++ +++Excellent condition+++ General Engine: Mercedes-Benz AdBlue Emissions standard: EURO 6 Total seats: 48 Seating configuration: 45+2+1 high/fixed Ffedpfx Aceyh S Hbs Nou Standing places: 41 Transmission: Automatic Safety * Retarder * ABS, ESP, EBS * Fog lights Passenger compartment * Auxiliary heater * Air conditioning * Driver’s microphone * Pram/stroller space * Wheelchair ramp * Wheelchair space * Stop request button * Interior camera Exterior * Matrix/destination display Lawo * Double-width door: 1 * Lift/lowering system * Power steering * Digital tachograph * Sun visor * Electrically adjustable exterior mirrors * Roof hatches * Roof fans * Roof ventilator Other * German vehicle registration document * Twin tyres * Vehicle length: 12.33 m * Vehicle width: 2.55 m * Vehicle height: 3.35 m * Hubcaps * Tyres: front axle approx. 70% * Tyres: rear axle approx. 40% Our internal vehicle number: 12177 Subject to errors and alterations. Images and text may differ from the actual vehicle. Over 300 vehicles in stock at all times.

Condition: used, mileage: 281,325 km, power: 220 kW (299.12 HP), first registration: 08/2019, fuel type: diesel, number of seats: 48, gearing type: automatic, emission class: euro6, color: white, brakes: retarder, Equipment: ABS, air conditioning, electronic stability program (ESP), parking heater, +++1st owner+++ +++Excellent condition+++ General Information Engine: Mercedes-Benz AdBlue Emission standard: EURO 6 Total number of seats: 48 Seating: 45+2+1 high/fixed Standing places: 34 Transmission: Automatic Safety Features * Retarder * ABS, ESP, EBS * Fog lights Passenger Compartment * Auxiliary heater * Air conditioning * Driver’s microphone * Stroller storage area Ffodpoyh S E Rsfx Ac Nsu * Wheelchair ramp * Wheelchair space * Stop request button * Interior camera Audio, Communication, Electronics * Radio * USB port at multimedia system Exterior * Matrix/destination display system Bustec * Double-width door(s): 1 * Lift/lowering system * Power steering * Tachograph card * Sun visor * Electrically adjustable exterior mirrors * Roof hatches * Roof ventilators * Roof fans Other Features * German registration document * Twin tires * Vehicle length: 12.33 m * Vehicle width: 2.55 m * Vehicle height: 3.35 m * Hub caps * Tyres: front approx. 70% * Tyres: rear approx. 30% Our internal vehicle number: 12179 Subject to errors and omissions. Images and description may differ from the actual vehicle. Always over 300 vehicles in stock.

Condition: good (used), sheet width - max. 1020 mm plate thickness 1,5 mm cutting length 1020 mm Ffsdpou Hq Svjfx Ac Nou weight ca. 300 kg dimensions of the machine ca. 1,3 x 0,8 m Hand lever shears with counterweight, length stop, blank holder with Quick clamping, mm scale on the table, pull-out sheet metal support. Demonstration machine at a special price. Machine dealer with own stock of 1600 m².

Condition: used, pressure ca. 5 t dayligth 110 mm throat 40 mm weight of the machine ca. ca. 50 kg dimensions of the machine ca. 1,2 x 0,5 x 1,3 m 6 t (estimaeted) hand-operated spindle press. The machine is professionally and durably lashed. Machine dealer with own stock of 1600 m². Fjdpfx Ajxr Ravoc Nefu

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2002, cutting diameter 320 mm saw band length 4160 mm cutting width 610 mm cutting lenght max. 500 mm clamping head: max. 620 mm saw speed stufenlos 15-120 m/min work height max. 760 mm dimensions of saw-band 4160 x 34 x 1,1 mm Control Siemens Siematic OP3 total power requirement 2,6 kW weight of the machine ca. 1,96 t dimensions of the machine ca. 2,55 x 2,45 x 1,5 m Well-maintained fully automatic miter band saw with Siemens Siematic OP3 control for quantity and cutting length, hydraulic frame clamp, stepless saw band speed. Machine only used in individual production with small pieces for about 3 hours per week! Estimated operating hours = 3400. Cutting range 0° / 90° - round 320 mm - FLAT 610 x 320 mm !!!! Cutting range 75° - round 320 mm - flat 350 x 200 mm Cutting range 60° - round 300 mm - flat 300 x 200 mm Cutting range 45° Ffjdpfxsv Htime Ac Nsu - round 260 mm - flat 250 x 180 mm Cutting range 30° - round 160 mm - flat 150 x 150 mm Please notice: Price of this machine new: €28000 Machine dealer with own stock of 1600 m².

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1981, roll diameter 315 mm throat 295 mm workpiece height 190 mm Motor Capacity 0,37/0,8 kW Ffodpfoyatycox Ac Nou table-size 470 x 450 mm saw band length 2220 mm cutting speeds 450 + 900 m/min weight of the machine ca. 110 kg dimensions of the machine ca. 640 x 510 x 1600 mm

Condition: used, pressure 6 t dayligth 180 mm spindle diameter 32 mm throat 115 mm ram stroke 90 mm table surface area 300x270 mm weight of the machine ca. 70 kg dimensions of the machine ca. 800 x 1350 mm 6 t (estimaeted) hand-operated spindle press. The machine is professionally Ffodpfx Acevgnnwj Nsu and durably lashed. Machine dealer with own stock of 1600 m².

Condition: used, sheet width - max. 170 mm plate thickness 3,4 mm Ffjdpjv Dxziofx Ac Nou angle steel/side length 50 mm weight of the machine ca. 70 kg dimensions of the machine ca. 0,7 x 0,16 x 2,1 m Is cutting flat steel, L-beam, Scorper, round and square material. Machine dealer with own stock of 1600 m².

Condition: used, sheet width - max. 300 mm Ffjdpfouvd A Eex Ac Nju plate thickness 8 mm flat steel 80 x 10 mm blade length 300 mm machine length 860 mm machine height 565 mm weight of the machine ca. 172 kg Long measuring shear Machine dealer with own stock of 1600 m².

Condition: good (used), Thickness of sanding paper 1,1 mm Width of sanding paper 34 mm Length of sanding paper 5620 mm Ffsdpfx Acoxwzbhs Nsu a total of 19 units in stock

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1999, saw blade diameter 450 mm cutting diameter 150 mm saw blade diameter möglich: 400 + 370 mm Saw blade 50 mm Fedpfxjxqrdmo Ac Njfu saw blade feed stepless ca. 0 - 1000 mm/min rapid return speed 3300 mm/min table rotating + / - 90 Grad cutting speed 7 - 43 m/min total power requirement 4 kW weight of the machine ca. 1050 kg Overall size 1020 x 1350 x 2000 mm Semi-automatic cold circular saw, made by Kaltenbach, type KKS450H, with Siemens S7 PLC control for cutting speed and sawing height, feed roller conveyor, discharge roller conveyors with hand crank, remote control and digital display. Machine dealer with own stock of 1600 m².

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2009, Used machine Year of manufacture: 2009 Equipment and technical specifications: Cutting range: - Cutting length: 4300 mm - Cutting height: 2100 mm - Cutting depth: max. 60 mm Extraction: - Saw unit: 120 mm - Frame end: 100 mm Workpiece support: - Stable plastic support for optimal stability, even for narrow workpieces - Chips are removed via inclined slits Roller transport system: - Manual operation for easy and gentle material transport Indexing: - Manual, vertical and horizontal Feed: - Manual, vertical and horizontal Saw blade: - Tungsten carbide (HM), 250 mm, hollow flat tooth, 48 teeth Saw motor: Fsdpoxllv Ejfx Ac Njfu - 4 kW at 5450 rpm, 400 V, 50 Hz Cross-cut fence: - Includes workpiece support for narrow parts (4 fields) Extraction system according to BG guidelines TRK (below 2 mg fine dust / m³ air) Includes a set of new supporting strips Dimensions: approx. 5100 x 1100 x 2600 mm Weight: approx. 1100 kg Availability: short-term Location: 63934 Röllbach

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2022, Used machine Year of manufacture: 2022 Features and technical data: - Heavy-duty professional panel saw - With scoring unit; adjustable from outside, with separate drive motor - Sliding table made from anodized aluminum with proven, permanently smooth-running ball contact system on hardened guide rails (10-year manufacturer's warranty from date of initial commissioning) - Saw rip fence with round bar guide; foldable for large panels, with quick clamping and integrated fine adjustment - Table extension - Table widening - Integrated on/off switch on the sliding table - Motorized height and tilt adjustment of the saw unit, digital display for tilt angle - Programmed control of saw blade height, tilt, and the position of the rip fence - Swiveling operator panel at eye level - Quality Made in Italy - Crosscut length: 3200 mm - Cutting height 90°/45° with scorer max.: 136.5/97 mm - Crosscut width left of saw blade max.: 3260 mm - Cutting width with rip fence: 1270 mm - Saw blade tilt: 90 - 45° - Saw blade diameter with scorer max.: 400 mm - Scoring blade diameter: 120 mm Fodpfx Aox Hbrujc Nofu - Main saw blade speed: 3500/5000 rpm - Scoring blade speed: 9200 rpm - Sliding table dimensions: 360 x 142 x 3200 mm - Extraction ports: 120 + 80 mm - Motor power: 7.0 kW, 400 V - Scoring unit motor power: 0.55 kW Dimensions: approx. 3200 x 950 mm Weight: approx. 745 kg Availability: short-term Location: Röllbach

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2010, cutting diameter 510 mm saw band length 6400 mm cutting width 1,1 mm cutting range - square - 500 x 500 mm feed length 750 mm feed length: multiple max. 6750 mm Ffjdpeyh Rlpsfx Ac Nju cutting speed 20 - 140 m/min dimensions of saw-band 6400 x 54 x 1,1 mm cutting range min. ø 10 mm cutting range min. 10 x 8 mm control BEHRINGER control TERMINAL BT-41 total power requirement 5,5 kW weight of the machine ca. 3,0 t dimensions of machine L x W x H 3,15 x 2,34 x 2,40 m - double column guided - Accessories: chip conveyor, coolant

Condition: excellent (used), Catalogue number 7280 TECHNICAL DATA - track width: 340mm - shaft width: 400mm - max blade diameter: 350mm - blade bore diameter: 80mm - max cutting height: 120mm - table width with clearance: 700mm - table length: 1720mm from above: - pawls - metal slip pressure roller - pawls - metal slip pressure roller - shaft with saw blades - 2 pcs metal slip pressure rollers from below: - guide bar - metal slip roller - pawls - track - electric body lifting 0.55kW - central lubrication - variable feed speed control 1.5kW - main motor 37kW - dust extraction nozzle diameter: 200mm Ffsdpfoyh Nupjx Ac Nou - overall dimensions (L/W/H): 1800x1670x1780mm - weight approx. 2500kg – German made – Used multi-blade saw, in very good condition Original photos Net price: 76,900 PLN Net price: 18,300 EUR (depending on an exchange rate of 4.2 EUR) (Prices may vary with significant fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), CATALOG NUMBER 7212 TECHNICAL DATA - Track width: 250mm - Shaft width: 400mm - Shaft diameter: 80mm - Maximum blade diameter: 400mm - Blade bore diameter: 80mm - Maximum cutting height: 140mm - Table width with clearance: 730mm - Table length: 2130mm From the top: - Pawls - Pressure shaft, slip type - Pawls - Pressure shaft, smooth - Saw shaft - Smooth pressure shaft, 4 pcs From the bottom: - Smooth slip shaft - Pawls - Track Infeed table + guide rail: - Roller width: 460mm - Feeder dimensions (L/W): 1660x630mm - Overall dimensions (L/W/H): 2010x630x900mm Outfeed table: - Feed rollers: 8 pcs - Roller width: 800mm - Overall dimensions (L/W/H): 4400x980x880mm - Centralized lubrication - Electric body raising/lowering: 0.55kW - Electric adjustment of saw shaft: 0.55kW - Stepless feed speed adjustment: 1–39m/min - Feed motor: 1.1kW - Main motor: 30kW - Extraction port diameter: 210mm - Overall dimensions of multirip saw (L/W/H): 2520x1870x2000mm + control panel - Total weight: approx. 2500kg ADVANTAGES – German-made – High cutting height – Infeed and outfeed tables – Used multirip saw, very good condition Fodpfxeyh Nt Ej Ac Nofu Net price: 89,900 PLN Net price: 21,400 EUR Net price calculated at the exchange rate of 4.2 PLN/EUR (Price may change in case of significant exchange rate fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), CATALOG NUMBER: 6911 TECHNICAL DATA - Track width: 350 mm - Shaft width: 370 mm - Max cutting height: 200 mm Maximum saw blade diameter: - Upper shaft: 340 mm - Lower shaft: 300 mm - Blade bore diameter: 80 mm From above: - Kickback guards - 2 pressure slip shafts Ffedpsyh Nr Uefx Ac Nju - Pressure unit - Saw shaft 37 kW - 2 smooth slip shafts From below: - Infeed table + guide rail - Kickback guards - Crawler track - Saw shaft 37 kW - Crawler track - 1 outfeed shaft, slip, smooth - Pneumatically pressed rollers - Maximum saw blade diameter: 300 mm - Electric lifting of upper body up/down 1.1 kW - Automatic central lubrication - Electrically controlled stepless feed speed adjustment 3 kW - Extraction nozzle diameter: 230 mm, 250 mm - Dimensions (LxWxH): 3000x2300x1900 mm - Weight: approx. 4500 kg ADVANTAGES – Italian production – Twin-shaft – Used multi-blade saw – very good condition Net price: PLN 168,900 Net price: EUR 40,200 Net price calculated at an exchange rate of 4.2 PLN/EUR (In case of significant exchange rate fluctuations, the price may change)

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2010, CATALOGUE NUMBER: 6591 TECHNICAL DATA - Maximum cutting height: 250 mm - Track width: 450 mm - Shaft width: 450 mm - Blade bore diameter: 80 mm - Shaft diameter: 60 mm - Minimum blade diameter: 300 mm - Maximum blade diameter: 400 mm - Maximum infeed material width: 860 mm - Minimum workpiece length: 1,500 mm * From above: - Kickback devices - 2 pneumatically pressed, metal, toothed feed rollers - Kickback devices - Pneumatically pressed, metal, toothed feed roller - Pressure unit - Saw shaft - Pressure unit - 2 pneumatically pressed, metal, toothed feed rollers * From below: - Metal idler roller - Guide - Kickback devices - Track - Saw shaft - Track - Stepless feed speed adjustment via inverter: 4–40 m/min - Main motors: 2 × 75 kW - Feed motor: approx. 3 kW - Electric body lift (up/down): 0.55 kW - Electric adjustment of saw shafts: 2 × 0.18 kW - Centralized lubrication - Extraction connector diameter: 2 × 300 mm - Dimensions (L × W × H): 3,400 × 2,650 × 2,200 mm - Weight: approx. 7,500 kg ADVANTAGES Fodpfx Ajyh Nr Ijc Nofu – Czech manufacture – Double-shaft – DTR technical documentation – Used multi-blade saw, very good condition Net price: 275,900 PLN Net price: 65,690 EUR Net price based on exchange rate 4.2 PLN/EUR (price subject to change in case of significant exchange rate fluctuations)