Used Four Pillar Press for sale (16,286)

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2019, pressing force: 400 t, pressure:400 t stroke:900 mm Table dimensions:1200 x 1200 mm Gbsdefh Izmjpfx Ah Eew Deep-Drawing Pillow:150 t travel away deep-drawing pillow:280 mm Daylight Opening:1100 mm

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2026, machine/vehicle number: Pro.b 301365530.165, functionality: fully functional, pressing force: 30 t, stroke length: 535 mm, number of cylinders: 6, workpiece length (max.): 3,000 mm, cylinder diameter: 60 mm, No minimum price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! The machine is new and has no operating hours! TECHNICAL DETAILS Press drive: Hydraulic Total pressure: 30 t Number of cylinders: 6 Cylinder diameter: 60 mm Plate material: Steel Gbodpfx Ahs Af Hido Esw Workpiece length: max. 3,000 mm Workpiece width: max. 1,300 mm Workpiece height: max. 535 mm Total stroke: 535 mm Number of working areas: 1 MACHINE DETAILS Operating hours: 0 h Voltage: 400 V Current consumption: 5 A Fuse rating: 16 A Main motor power: 1.5 kW Dimensions & Weight Dimensions (L x W x H): 3,400 x 1,700 x 1,950 mm Unladen weight: 2,000 kg Number of transport packages: 1 EQUIPMENT Documentation CE certificate CE marking

Condition: used, Weinig Powermat 500 automatic planing and chamfering machine for four-sided planing and profiling of large timber (construction timber), featuring a memory function, electronic positioning and including a set of planing heads. AI-generated sample image; actual product may vary. Technical data: - Working width: 300 mm - Working height: 200 mm - Spindles: 5+1 - Spindle 1: Bottom / 11 kW / 40 mm / 8,000 rpm - Spindle 2: Right / 11 kW / PowerLock / 8,000 rpm - Spindle 3: Left / 11 kW / PowerLock / 8,000 rpm / CNC - Spindle 4: Top / 15 kW / PowerLock / 8,000 rpm / CNC Gedpfxs Afpfhs Ah Esbw - Spindle 5: Bottom / 11 kW / PowerLock / 8,000 rpm - Spindle 6: Chamfering unit / 1 kW / 10,600 rpm - Feed: 5–30 m/min // 4 kW

Condition: used, Jib Crane 1t, Slewing Jib Crane 1t, Pillar jib Crane 1t Articulated Jib Crane 1t, Slewing Jib Crane 1t, Pillar Mounted Articulated Jib Crane 1t, Used machine Gbsdpfx Aszxqhgoh Eow Overall dimensions: 5900 x 4020 x 700 mm Pillar height: 4020 mm Jib reach: 5200 mm Load capacity (Crane): 1 ton (1000 kg) Hoist unit (Wire rope hoist): Load capacity (Hoist): 1 ton (1000 kg) Lifting height: 2100 mm Electrical data: 400 V Wire rope diameter: 8 mm

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, Brand new, twin-column eccentric press not yet completely finished, therefore various options or customer requests can still be accommodated. Pressing force at 6.35 mm before TDC: 4,000 kN Working capacity from 30 strokes per minute: 25.4 kJ Gbjdpfx Ahe Ah S Huo Esw Stroke rate in continuous operation: 5 - 60 1/min Stroke (fixed): 280 mm Ram adjustment: 150 mm Tool mounting height (stroke down, adjustment up, with max. stroke): 620 mm Lateral column passage: 700 mm Table surface, dimensions: 1,150 x 1,100 mm Ram surface: 1,150 x 1,000 mm Passage between the guides, front: 1,020 Weight +/- 5%: 32,000 kg Power of the main motor: 30 kW The machine is ideal for insert operations or as a deburring press, but can also be equipped with an FQ drive and then used as a stamping press.

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2026, functionality: fully functional, Kaiser Press 50 -Exhibition machine / 0 operating hours -Electro-hydraulic drive -Operation: Foot pedals and push buttons on the control panel -Pressing force max.: 50 tons -Power consumption: 0.75 kW -Voltage: 230 V -Frame width: 930 mm -Maximum frame width incl. hand crank and electric unit: 1300 mm -Overall height: 1900 mm -Cylinder stroke: 145 mm plus 60 mm threaded spindle -Usable width – working area inside: max. 750 mm -Usable height – working area: 0 mm to 780 mm -Frame depth: 220 mm -Overall depth with foot: 535 mm (can be fastened to the floor) -Support depth of the height-adjustable work table (cross member): 245 mm -Cross member adjustable in 6 positions (hole spacing: 140 mm) -Height adjustment of the cross member via hand crank (no manual lifting required) -Hydraulic unit can be moved sideways: 300 mm (ball-bearing mounted in the upper guide area) -Includes 8 pressure dies with integrated holder: -2t with Ø9.8 mm -3t with Ø11.7 mm -6t with Ø15.7 mm -8t with Ø17.7 mm -10t with Ø19.8 mm -12t with Ø21.8 mm -13t with Ø24.8 mm -15t with Ø30 mm -Welded construction -Includes work light to illuminate the working area -Pressure indication via pressure gauge -2 prism supports included in delivery -Automatic piston retraction -Integrated tool tray in the lower area of the press Dimensions: L x W x H 0.9 x 0.3 x 1.9 meters / Weight 290 kg Errors and omissions excepted. Gjdpfoztfbwsx Ah Eebw

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2010, KOMORI LITHRONE S-529 M C 66 million Year: 2010 Max. sheet size: 530 x 750 mm Max. print area: 520 x 736 mm Min. sheet size: 200 x 360 mm Substrate thickness range: 0.04 – 0.8 mm Max. production speed: 16,000 sheets/h *PQC-S remote control system (Quality Control System) for printing ▪️Remote ink control ▪️Remote dampening control ▪️Remote register control *KHS-AI® computer-controlled machine management system ▪️Intelligent inking system ▪️Machine self-diagnostic function ▪️Advanced CIP4-based information flow management ▪️Module for connection to a scanning unit * Touchscreen monitoring * High-Speed-Start system * Densitometric scanning unit * Automatic blanket cylinder washing * Automatic inking unit washing (dual nozzles for solvents and water) * Automatic impression cylinder washing * Remote substrate thickness adjustment from the control console * Remote substrate format adjustment from the control console * Semi-APC (Semi-Automatic Plate Change) system * Stream feeder with an 800 mm pile height * Feeder head equipped with lifting suckers (2x) and forwarding suckers (2x) * Deionizing air blast at the feeder head * Side air blasts * Pile support table for manual pile preparation * Table • Stream feeder with additional suction tapes * Electronic feed control * Electronic front-lay (register mark) control * Skew control via front-lay bar * Optoelectronic sheet-flow monitoring from the feed pile * Ultrasonic double-sheet detection (ULTRASONIC) * High-precision impression cylinders * Reduced number of transfer cylinders * Solid-construction transfer cylinders * Accessible plate cylinder * Accessible blanket cylinder * Chrome-plated impression cylinder * Cylinder designed for high-load/heavy-duty applications * Diamond-coated transfer grippers * Precision ink-feed adjustment (500-step ink-fountain key opening) * Inking unit featuring 19 rollers, including 4 oscillating/distributing rollers * Anti-ghosting roller (B and D positions) Gjdpfxe Ah Sbxj Ah Eobw * Independent drive for the ink-fountain roller (ductor) * Adjustable ductor dwell time * Remote control of ink zones via the PQC-S console * Option to disengage the inking unit on the first or fifth printing unit KOMORIMATIC Dampening System * Dampening system suitable for both alcohol-based and alcohol-free printing * Oscillating roller for uniform dampening solution distribution, preventing ghosting and streaking * Rotational speed reduction • Continuous cleaning of the printing cylinder (or flat cylinder surface) based on the type of soiling * Integrated sensor * Pneumatic engagement and disengagement of rollers, controlled from the operator console * High-pile delivery (stack height: 900 mm) * Sheet decurler * Deionizing bar * Automatic lubrication for delivery chains * GRAFIX powder spray system o Automatic adjustment for printing speed o Automatic format compensation * Engagement and disengagement of dampening rollers * Engagement and disengagement of inking rollers Coating unit with TRESU chambered doctor blade system o Suitable for water-based and UV coatings o Remote register adjustment: ▪️ Lateral ▪️ Circumferential ▪️ Diagonal (adjusted at the transfer cylinder) o Remote adjustment for substrate thickness o Extended delivery: 2,000 mm o Special gripper bars – shadow-free (prepared for the installation of UV dryers) o Designed for tool-free mounting of rubber or photopolymer plates * Chambered doctor blade system

Condition: ready for operation (used), Konica Minolta Bizhub 6120p with 6.9 million prints, fully equipped, tested, and ready to print. Equipment: - PF 710 - RU 510 Gbedpfxszh Hn Io Ah Esw - FS 532 KONICA MINOLTA ACCURIOPRESS 6120 HIGH-PERFORMANCE BLACK & WHITE DIGITAL PRODUCTION PRESS ONLY 6.9 MILLION PRINTS – JUST 10% OF ITS RATED LIFETIME! The Konica Minolta AccurioPress 6120 is an extremely reliable, heavy-duty digital production press, designed for intensive, high-volume printing. KEY PERFORMANCE FIGURES: Printing speed: 120 pages/minute Maximum monthly volume: 2.5 million prints Rated machine lifetime: 70 million prints Preventive maintenance: every 1 million prints Drum & developer replacement: approximately every 1.2 million prints EXCEPTIONAL REMAINING POTENTIAL! With only 7 million prints, this machine has used just 10% of its rated lifetime, leaving 90% remaining production capacity – approximately 63 million prints, subject to proper maintenance. An exceptionally robust and reliable digital press, offering outstanding productivity and long-term value. As an experienced retailer of used copiers, we have developed significant expertise in packing and pallet/container shipping to guarantee our customers receive machines in perfect condition. Our company offers the largest range of production copiers and handles worldwide deliveries upon request. Please do not hesitate to contact us for further information.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1977, Druck 250 t Staenderweite 1120 mm Godpfx Ahox Ug Dj Esbw Hub 250 mm Entfernung Tisch/Stoessel, gr. Hub oben, Verst. oben 500 mm Tischflaeche 1100 x 900 mm Tischhoehe ueber Flur 950 mm seitlicher Staenderdurchgang 700 mm Stoesselflaeche 1100 x 900 mm Geschwindigkeit ab mm/s Geschwindigkeit auf mm/s Arbeitsgeschwindigkeit mm/s Ölinhalt 730 l Antriebsleistung 56 kW Gewicht 25 t Raumbedarf (BxTxH) 2,3 x 1,55 x 3,96 m Zusatzinformationen u mit oelhydr. Antrieb, hydr. (§20) und elektr. Steuerung nach UVV, Lichtschranke (Sick), obere und untere Hubbegrenzung, druck- und wegabhaengig steuerbar, Schnittschlagdaempfung, Kurzhubsteuerung, neue Steuerung (Mitsubishi), Sicherheitssteuerung (PNOZ Multi), Bildschirmsteuerung mit Touch-Screen, Schaltschrank

Condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2007, operating hours: 70,192 h, laser hours: 21,800 h, laser power: 2,700 W, TruMatic 6000 K01 (1600) Large-format, 2700 Watt Gbsdpfx Ahj Afxvgj Esw NC: 70192 h Laser on: 70000 h Beam on: 21800 h Sheetmaster Gripmaster+ shear Loading and unloading cart Fire extinguishing system Parts conveyor Options: Multishear Thread forming Marking/Signing

Year of construction: 2025, condition: as good as new (ex-display), functionality: fully functional, Vacuum Press – Ready for Immediate Use | Excellent Condition | Versatile Applications For sale: High-quality vacuum press in excellent condition – ideal for joineries and woodworking companies seeking to work more efficiently and flexibly. This press enables you to: - Perform precise veneering - Carry out form bonding - Shape mineral-based materials and plastics - Achieve efficient production even for single pieces and custom solutions What this means for you: Expand your service portfolio and take on jobs that were previously not feasible or profitable. Technical Specifications: Vacuum Press Pioneer Vertical L Usable area: 3050 x 1350 mm Frame internal dimensions: 3130 x 1430 mm Max. workpiece height: 850 mm Overall dimensions: 3960 x 1640 x 1450 mm Gjdpfxo Afxxvo Ah Eobw Weight: 880 kg Heater Pioneer Heat L Usable area: 2700 x 1100 mm Overall dimensions: 3110 x 1700 x 760 mm Weight: 685 kg Special features: - Easy operation - Low maintenance requirement - Versatile applications - Lifetime warranty (excluding wear parts) - Includes digital user manual and AI support! Inspection and test run possible at any time.

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2021, functionality: fully functional, We have a Kirk-Rudy Firejet C4 inkjetsytem full colour KR519 year 2021 available. Complete with feeder, alignmenttable, mailbase and conveyor. This machine has not been used much so now for you a chance to buy a almost new one for a used price! Gbjdpfozwlbrox Ah Ejw

Condition: excellent (used), CATALOGUE NUMBER 6674 TECHNICAL DATA - Max. planing width: 150mm - Max. planing height: 130mm 7 spindles: 1) Horizontal, lower: 150mm, 3kW 2) Vertical, right: 130mm, 3kW 3) Vertical, left: 130mm, 4kW 4) Horizontal, upper: 150mm, 4kW 5) Horizontal, lower: 150mm, 3kW 6) Vertical, right: 130mm, 4kW - Diameter of all spindles: 35mm - All spindles are adjustable up/down and right/left - 4 toothed feed rollers from above - 4 rubber feed rollers from above - 2 pressure rollers from above - Electric thickness adjustment: 0.25kW - Length of infeed table: 1970mm - Central lubrication of the table - Infinitely variable feed speed adjustment - Feed motor: 1.5kW - Diameter of dust extraction nozzles: 6x120mm Gbsdpfx As Af Utloh Eow - Dimensions (L/W/H): 4000x1300x1600mm - Weight: approximately 3000kg – Made in Germany – With 6 heads – Used planer, very good condition Net price: 36900 PLN Net price: 8581 EUR Net price calculated based on an exchange rate of 4.30 PLN/EUR (In case of significant exchange rate fluctuations, the price may change)

Condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2014, control type: CNC control, actuation type: hydraulic, controller model: Delem Touch, bending force (max.): 100 t, working width: 3,060 mm, stroke length: 100 mm, overall weight: 7,700 kg, total length: 3,600 mm, total width: 1,650 mm, total height: 2,400 mm, input voltage: 400 V, Equipment: CE marking, documentation/manual, emergency stop, european tool clamping system, foot remote control, lower tooling, safety light barrier, upper tooling, Technical Data Manufacturer: Trumpf Type: TruBend 3100 – B26 Year of Manufacture: 2014 Capacity: 100 t Bending Length: 3060 mm Distance Between Uprights: 3384 mm Stroke Length: 200 mm Dimensions: approx. L 3.6 x W 1.65 x H 2.40 m Weight: 7.7 t Gbsdpfxj Agck Sj Ah Ejw Equipment - Controlled axes: X, X1, R, Z1, Z2 - Self-adjusting combined crowning system - Machine control: Multi-Touch Delem - Amada tool clamping system, top and bottom - Work area lighting - Laser-safe safety light curtain - Control panel with foot pedal - Large tool set All information is without guarantee. A demonstration is possible at any time in our showroom.

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2024, bore capacity in steel (diameter) 32 mm Gbjdpfx Aowlvk Nsh Eew throat 245 mm bore stroke 135 mm spindle taper MT 3 table-size 410 x 380 mm spindle turning speed range 10 - 2.100 U/min voltage 400 V total power requirement 1,1 kW weight of the machine ca. 210 kg dimensions of the machine ca. 0,7 x 1,8 x 1,75 m - Threading device - Machine vice 150 mm - Drill cassette 9-piece 14.5 mm - 30 mm, MK 2 / MK 3 - Cutting oil spray

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2024, bore capacity in steel (diameter) 35 mm throat 320 mm bore stroke 150 mm spindle taper MT 4 table-size 500 x 400 mm spindle turning speed range 75 - 3.010 U/min feed range - boring 0,1 / 0,15 / 0,22 / 0,33 mm/U quill stroke 150 mm voltage 400 V total power requirement 1,8 kW weight of the machine ca. 275 kg dimensions of the machine ca. 0,70 x 1,00 x 1,95 m - Serial-No.: 138050673 - Electromagnetic feed - Threading device - Machine vice 150 mm - Two clamping screws 14 mm Gsdpfx Ajwlvlaeh Eobw - 9-piece drill cartridge 14.5 mm - 30 mm, MK 2 / MK 3 - Cutting oil spray

Condition: excellent (used), Four-jaw spiral chuck Diameter 315 mm Chuck height, flange 125 mm Short taper bore, size 6 Taper diameter 106.39 mm Pitch circle diameter for studs 133.4 mm Gbsdpfolguy Sex Ah Eow 4 studs, M 12 Accessories: 1 chuck key 1 set of hardened boring jaws 1 set of hardened turning jaws Weight 103 kg Shipping dimensions: W 800 x D 600 x H 550 mm

Condition: new, Wood briquetting press Amis ABP 60 L -Exhibition machine- ----- Technical data ----- Briquette Ø: 60 mm, Hydraulic unit 3 kW: 140 bar, Voltage: 400 V, frequency: 50 Hz, Fuse protection: 16 A, Capacity approx.: 20-35 kg/h, Gsdpfxeu R Sxxj Ah Eebw Weight approx.: 300 kg - Easy handling - Hydraulic control - Briquette diameter 60 mm - Briquette length adjustable as required (max. 60 mm) - Motor equipped with motor protection switch and emergency stop - No electronic components such as regulators, sensors and sensors or complicated controls - Large storage container - Tempered briquette tongs - Replaceable press bar - Pressing without the addition of additives - Thanks to the pre-compressor, even voluminous chips can also be processed - No adjustment work or pressure monitoring of the pressure necessary - New exhibition machine -

Condition: refurbished (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2025, operating hours: 300 h, machine/vehicle number: C15_202500022, stroke length: 270 mm, operating speed: 100 mm/s, reverse speed: 100 mm/s, overall weight: 2,800 kg, pressing force: 44 t, year of last overhaul: 2026, Equipment: CE marking, angle measuring system, documentation/manual, safety light barrier, Electric Press Brake C15 - IRIS+ Angle Measuring System CoastOne - Made in Finland Gbsdo Agvbuspfx Ah Eow Year of manufacture: 2025 - Project machine Press force: 44T Bending length: 1600mm Spindles: 2 x 22T Control: TC15-2D graphic Light barrier: Lazersafe IRIS+ angle measuring system Backgauge: 5-axis controlled X-R-Z1-Z2-Dx axes Tool holder: Manual type WILA / TRUMPF / Type B Light working area front and rear Front support table - height adjustable Dual foot pedal for opening and closing the Y-axis 1 set of press brake tools included 36-month warranty after installation Delivery extra; immediately available Viewing under power possible at any time by appointment!

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2015, machine/vehicle number: ID: 524034/01, overall weight: 1,400 kg, load capacity: 1,000 kg, Used pillar-mounted slewing crane from KONECRANES, type AS10-5.0, manufactured in 2015. The crane has a lifting capacity of 1,000 kg and an outreach of 5,000 mm. The overall height is approximately 3,750 mm. The system is equipped with a KONECRANES CLX10C041100 electric chain hoist, manufactured in 2015, with a lifting capacity of 1,000 kg. The electric chain hoist operates at 400 V / 50 Hz and has two lifting speeds of 1.3 and 4.0 m/min. Condition: used, stored in disassembled condition. Gjds Agxdxspfx Ah Eobw

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2014, machine/vehicle number: G03929/20, overall weight: 815 kg, load capacity: 500 kg, 🇬🇧 Used pillar slewing crane from KONECRANES, type AS5-4.0, manufactured in 2014. The crane has a confirmed lifting capacity of 500 kg and an outreach of 4,000 mm. The total height is approximately 3,650 mm, the lower edge of the jib is approximately 3,400 mm, and the highest hook position is approximately 3,000 mm. Gedpe Agxd Hofx Ah Eebw The system is equipped with a KONECRANES CLX05 electric chain hoist, manufactured in 2015, with a lifting capacity of 500 kg. The electric chain hoist has lifting speeds of 1.3 / 4.0 m/min, is ISO class M5, has protection class IP55, and is designed for 400 V / 3-phase / 50 Hz. The confirmed scope of supply includes the crane column, slewing jib, electric chain hoist, manual trolley, chain container, hook block, a composite anchor base plate with a diameter of 1,050 mm and fixing bolts, as well as the power supply system on the jib. Condition: used, stored disassembled.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2015, machine/vehicle number: ID: M 947 05 15, overall weight: 160 kg, load capacity: 50 kg, Used pillar-mounted slewing crane from PURTEC Engineering GmbH, type SSK-K, manufactured in 2015. The crane has a load capacity of 50 kg, an outreach of approximately 2,500 mm, and an overall height of approximately 3,000 mm. The lower edge of the jib is approximately 2,600 mm, and the highest hook position is approximately 2,300 mm. The system is equipped with a DEMAG DCS-Pro 1 50 1/1 H5 VS30-30 electric chain hoist, manufactured in 2015, with a lifting capacity of 50 kg and a lifting height of 5.0 m. The hoist features a lifting speed of 30.0 m/min, FEM class 4m / M7, and a power rating of 0.73 kW. Condition: used, stored disassembled. Gbjdpj Agxd Ujfx Ah Eow

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2016, machine/vehicle number: DC-Com 1 125 1/1 H4 V8/2, overall weight: 320 kg, load capacity: 125 kg, Used pillar-mounted jib crane from Terex MHPS GmbH (DEMAG), type KBK. The crane has a load capacity of 125 kg, an outreach of approximately 2,900 mm, and an overall height of approximately 4,000 mm. The lower edge of the jib is approximately 3,500 mm, and the highest hook position is approximately 3,250 mm. Gbsdpfxj Agxfyo Ah Esw The system is equipped with a DEMAG DC-Com 1 125 1/1 H4 V8/2 electric chain hoist, manufactured in 2016, with a lifting capacity of 125 kg and a lifting height of 4.0 m. The chain hoist features two lifting speeds of 2.0 and 8.0 m/min, FEM class 3m / M6, and a power rating of 0.18 kW. Condition: used, stored disassembled.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2014, machine/vehicle number: ID: 152-015251, overall weight: 990 kg, load capacity: 2,000 kg, Used pillar jib crane from ABUS, type VS, manufactured in 2014. The system is equipped with an ABUS GM 6 2000.5-2 electric chain hoist, manufactured in 2014, with a lifting capacity of 2,000 kg. The electric chain hoist has two chain falls and two lifting speeds of 1.3 and 5.0 m/min. The crane is equipped with a motorized slewing mechanism. Condition: used, stored disassembled. Gbedpo Agxcwefx Ah Esw

Condition: excellent (used), Catalog number 6765 Gsdpfx Aeztzmcoh Esbw TECHNICAL DATA - max. width of workpiece 230mm - max. height of workpiece 160mm number of spindles 4: 1) horizontal lower 230mm, 5.5kW 2) vertical right 160mm, 5.5kW 3) vertical left 160mm – electrically adjustable right/left from the control panel, 5.5kW 4) horizontal upper 230mm – electrically adjustable up/down from the control panel, 7.5kW - all spindles adjustable up/down, right/left - spindle diameter 40mm from above: - infeed rollers, toothed, pulling, 6 pcs, including 2 double rollers - outfeed rollers, pulling, rubber, 2 pcs from below: - infeed roller, toothed, pulling, metal, twisted in the lower table + - outfeed roller, pulling, metal, smooth - rollers adjustable pneumatically - length of infeed table (with pneumatic feeder) 3390mm - possibility of operation without activating the pneumatic feeder, - table adjustable up/down - central lubrication - electric adjustment of planing thickness - stepless adjustment of feed rate - feed on Cardan shafts - feed motor 4kW - enclosed in a cabinet - diameters of dust extraction nozzles 4x120mm - dimensions (L/W/H) 7000x1950x1700mm, - weight approximately 3000kg – for wet and dry wood – pneumatic feeder on the infeed table, – used planer, very good condition Net price: 65900 PLN Net price: 15326 EUR Net price calculated according to the exchange rate of 4.30 PLN/EUR (with larger exchange rate fluctuations, the price may change)