Used Cnc Carousel for sale (8,495)

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2005, SPACESACER SS2101 rod feeder year 2005 Ljdpfxowcgdnj Ab Usah used - efficient

Condition: excellent (used), CNC INFOTEC Machining center Model: 3121 3-axis Year of production: 2016 Machine working area dimensions for axes X and Y: X: 2200 mm Y: 3100 mm Head stroke in the Z axis: 250 mm Machine working speed X, Y, Z: X: 60m/min Y:60m/min Z:12m/min Vacuum table Price of a new machine: approx. 75.000 € Lasdsun Rqyopfx Ab Ush Price: 27.900 €

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2002, 1 GOGLIO MX 60 moving column milling machine from 2002 CNC SELCA 4045D X 6000 Z 1800 Y 1100 Fixed table 6000 x 2000 Automatic head 1°X 3° Speed 3000 rpm - 24 kW Through-spindle coolant 20 bar Ljdpfx Aswxacvsb Uoah ATC 40 tools ISO 50 Chip conveyor Still in operation at the customer

Condition: used, • Type - PARTICA GLP 3000 • Year of manufacture – 2013 • No. GG 1800-0690 • With 3 axes • Many diamond and polishing tools • Dimensions: W 5200 x D 2900 x H 2000 mm • Travel paths approx. 3150x1415 mm Laodpfxsv Tya Sj Ab Uoh • 16-position tool changer • Weight: 4300 kg Very good condition, little use, from a small company.

Condition: like new (used), Machine is in good condition,not used. Laser head RAY TOOLS BM 110. Lasdpewfglksfx Ab Ueh

Condition: new, functionality: fully functional, turning diameter over cross slide: 654 mm, turning length: 1,514 mm, turning diameter: 418 mm, travel distance X-axis: 290 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 1,600 mm, spindle motor power: 18,500 W, rapid traverse X-axis: 18 m/min, rapid traverse Z-axis: 18 m/min, rotational speed (max.): 2,500 rpm, total height: 2,072 mm, total length: 5,575 mm, total width: 2,072 mm, overall weight: 9,000 kg, bar passage: 77 mm, spindle nose: ASA A2-8, LATHE FOCUS MOD. FBL 300 LMC WITH INCLINED BED Laedew A Rnkopfx Ab Ush TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS: CNC: FANUC 0i-TF Plus + Manual Guide I, 10.4'' color graphic display, remote handwheel Maximum turning length: 1,514 mm Distance between centers: 1,708 mm Maximum swing over bed: 654 mm Maximum turning diameter: 418 mm Bar capacity: 77 mm Spindle mount: ASA A2-8 Maximum spindle speed: 2,500 rpm Spindle motor: 15 – 18.5 kW X-axis travel: 290 mm Z-axis travel: 1,600 mm Rapid traverse X-Z: 18 m/min Tailstock travel: 1,510 mm Quill travel: 130 mm Quill diameter: 90 mm Quill taper: MT 5 Overall dimensions: 5,575 x 1,980 x 2,072 mm Weight: 9,000 kg COMPLETE WITH THE FOLLOWING STANDARD ACCESSORIES: - Hydraulic chuck Ø10'' Kitagawa, set of soft and hard jaws - Hydraulic chuck foot pedal - Serial, Ethernet, and USB ports - Belt-type chip conveyor with chip collection trolley - Rotating tailstock - Three-color alarm and cycle end warning lamp - Integrated work light - Levelling feet - Tool box with service keys - Programmable tailstock - Mobile coolant tank - Centralized lubrication system - Oil skimmer - Hydraulic spindle pedal - Set of tools and service keys - SAUTER turret, 12 positions - Tool holder BMT 65 - Driven tool motor 3.7/5.5 kW - Max driven tool speed: 4,000 rpm - No. 9 tool holders (4+4+1) - Power transformer - Operating and maintenance manuals, electrical diagrams, CNC manuals - CE Declaration INCLUDED ACCESSORIES: - Cooling system with Grundfos pump, 9.5 bar - Automatic tool presetting (Renishaw) - Hydraulic steady rest base with carriage-mounted positioning - Tailstock with carriage coupling via M function - Air blast through the spindle - No. 1 straight driven tool holder for BMT 65 - No. 1 angled driven tool holder for BMT 65 BRAND NEW MACHINE, CE COMPLIANT

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 2516, nominal power (apparent): 45 kVA, controller manufacturer: Germany Beckhoff, workpiece length (max.): 2,500 mm, workpiece height (max.): 160 mm, number of spindles: 15, - Germany Beckhoff System, Closed-loop control, High bending accuracy. - Italy GIVI MEASURE precision linear encoder. -High strength machine body after heat-treated. - No need to change bending tool. Ljdpfx Abjwcu Afo Ujah - The Blank-holder tool can automatically change the length basic on the sheet length. - Multilateral automatic continuous bending. -Automatic programming software can finish all the process - Automatically check and optimize. the process -All servo motor control, fast and energy saving - Automatically control pressing force.

Condition: excellent (used), 5-axis Year of production: 2018 Ljdpfjun Rqgex Ab Ujah Machine working area dimensions for the X and Y axes: X 2100 mm Y 3100 mm Head stroke in the Z axis: 1250 mm Machine travel speed X, Y. Z: X: 80 m/min Y: 80 m/min Z: 12 m/min Vacuum table BECKER pump HITECO spindle in the HSK 63F standard Price of a new machine: approx. 135.000 €

Condition: reconditioned (used), Year of construction: 2024, functionality: fully functional, grinding wheel diameter: 500 mm, total width: 2,300 mm, total length: 6,730 mm, total height: 1,800 mm, grinding diameter: 320 mm, workpiece weight between centers: 250 g, grinding wheel width: 80 mm, spindle speed (max.): 1,800 rpm, feed length X-axis: 350 mm, feed length Z-axis: 1,550 mm, Good morning, We have to offer a six months old CNC SWG32 x 1500 CNC machine with SIEMENS SINUMERIC 828D sL control (after a complete revitalization of TOS HOSTIVAR BUB32 machine) The machine is still in Lease at ING Lease. The machine has already been partially repaid, our company does not want to recover the repaid installments. The assignment of the lease applies only to the remaining installments to be repaid (the cost of the assignment is borne by our company). For more technical and financial details, I invite you to contact me at the e-mail address or by phone Specification of the machine: - Year of manufacture:2024 - Maximum grinding diameter: 320 - Maximum grinding length: 1500 - Supply voltage: 3 x 400V - Control voltage: 24V - DC - Metric system - Maximum permissible weight of objects clamped in the canine: 250 kg - Total travel distance in the X axis: 350mm - Rotation of the grinding wheel spindle: 50 - 1500 rpm (7.5kW) - Plunge grinding infeed speed range 0.03 to 20mm/min - Wheel diameter: 500mm Laedpfx Abovkc D Is Ueh - Morse taper 5 - Measuring probe to determine the workpiece - Workpiece support - Electronic wheel (handheld panel)

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2025, This 3-axis QUICK CNC UE-481 was manufactured in 2025. It features a 1300 x 2500 x 200 mm working area, a 9 kW high-performance spindle, and a linear tool changer. The vacuum table has 6 zones, complemented by a Becker 250 m³/h vacuum pump. It includes a 3-sided safety fence with a front light barrier, tools, and dust extraction. If you are looking to get high-quality CNC routing capabilities consider the QUICK CNC UE-481 machine we have for sale. Contact us for more information. Application Types CNC Wood Machining Laedpfx Abswr N I Uo Ujh

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2021, operating hours: 250 h, Description APS-2030 Quotation Entry-level model 3-axis gantry milling machine Area of application simple applications in wood, plastics, etc. Model: V-2030 Table size [mm]: 2000 x 4000 Working area X and Y axis mm 2020 x 3020 Working area Z axis [mm]: 30cm Vacuum zones 6 pieces Equipment Steel construction simple frame construction with reinforced gantry frame Switching element and control in the external control cabinet. to reduce the installation area Work table material: hard PVC Functions T-slot and vacuum plate divided into 6 sections Travel system X and Y axis rack and pinion drive Travel system Z axis ball screw (TBI) Linear guides on X, Y and Z axis PMI Travel motors servo X, Y and Z axis (Delta) Spindle 9 kW air-cooled ( max. travel speed 60 m/min max. working speed 40 m/min Working accuracy < 0.2 mm Repeatability 0.03 mm on 300 mm Workpiece positioning optional Tool length sensor yes Control Eding CNC Software Vectric CUT2D Electrical connection Electrical connection 3 phases 320 V, 50 Hz Ambient temperature 0° C -45 °C Lodpfjvy I Iwjx Ab Ueah all prices quoted are net plus the currently applicable statutory VAT.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1991, CNC Machining Center weinig UNICONTROL 10 Location Gorzów Wlkp. Conditions of delivery OWN RECEIVING Cost of delivery to be negotiated Startup type to be negotiated Description Comments Longitudinal saw: 2800 rpm min., 3 kW, power take-off and slot spindle: 5 x 100 mm, 11 kW, 2.800 rpm. min., 1 spindle profiling: 6000 rpm. min., 11 kW, 2. Spindle profiling: 6000 rpm. min, 11 kW. "Angle windows, machining center WEINIG UNICONTROL 10 Number of spindle spindles: 1 Number of spindles molding: 2 Lodpfx Abedm Umls Ujah Length of the spindle spindle mm: 300 Xrwk8iolx Length of profiled spindle mm: 295 Separate shaft grooves: yes Continuous stroke mm: 100 Spindle diameter mm: 50 Cutting tool cutting wheel mm: 232 Cutting wheel for perforation mm tool: 360 Length of material max mm: 2,600 Equipped for profiling: yes Automatic kontherholz: yes Glaucoma: Yes Workpiece rotation: Roller transport Main engine power kW: 11 Max feed rate m / min: 8 Control: Spindle ON / OFF only Working condition: dismantled / stored "

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 1032, warranty duration: 12 months, total width: 2,300 mm, total length: 1,685 mm, bending angle (max.): 90 °, working width: 3,200 mm, workpiece length (max.): 3,200 mm, workpiece height (max.): 370 mm, nominal power (apparent): 4 kVA, number of spindles: 4, sheet thickness aluminum (max.): 6 mm, sheet thickness steel (max.): 4 mm, type of input current: three-phase, -Complete machine frame processing -Double-cylinder electro-hydraulic synchronous control -A variety of electro-hydraulic CNC systems are optional -Mechanical compensation -Segmented mold Lsdpfx Abowfwkwe Ujah -High-precision back gauge structure -Scalable number of axes

Condition: new, Discover the ultimate power and precision of our vertical lathe series. With its robust construction and proven technology, it delivers groundbreaking results for your machining projects. Experience the limitless possibilities of our CNC variant and take your production to the next level. TECHNICAL MAIN DATA (CNC MODEL): - Max. swing diameter: 1500/1800/2750/4000/5000 mm - Max. turning diameter: 1250/1600/2500/4000/5000 mm - Max. workpiece height: 1000/1600/2000/2000/2000 mm Lajdpfx Asd I I Ileb Ush - Spindle motor power: 30/37/55/75 kW - Table diameter: 1000/1250/2250/3600/3600/4500 mm - Max. table speed: 500/400/120/63/63/50 rpm ACCESSORIES: Fanuc or Siemens control, ZF gearbox, chip conveyor, lubrication system, hydraulic system, machine guard, air gun, tricolor lamp, work light, chip cart, foot pedal, standard tool holder. SPECIAL ACCESSORIES: C-axis, tool magazine, linear scale, tool presetter, workpiece probe, electrical cabinet air conditioner, special tool holder, and more. For further details, please refer to the attached PDF file. TECHNICAL MAIN DATA (CONVENTIONAL MACHINE): - Faceplate diameter: 1000|1400|1800|2000|2300 mm - Swing diameter: 1200|1600|2000|2300|2600 mm - Turning height: 1000|1250|1400|1600|1500 mm - Table speed: 6.3-200|5-160|3.2-100|5-160|2.5-80 m/min - Gear stages: 16 - Max. workpiece weight: 3.2|5|8|8|8 t - Main motor power: 22|30|37|37 kW - Approx. machine weight: 9|14|18|23|21 t ACCESSORIES: Tool holder: 5-fold; Faceplate: with 4 jaw clamps; Servo motors: for axis adjustment, and more. For further details, please refer to the attached PDF file. Conventional vertical lathe with solid and proven technology, power, and precision for the machining of heavy workpieces. - Optimal loading - easily accessible with crane and forklift - Vertical support with 5-fold tool holder and side support (optional) with separate feed for internal and external machining - Heavy-duty column construction with wide, hardened guides - Hydraulic clamping of the crossbeam - Stable guide construction provides excellent stability and accuracy to the vertical arm - The spindle runs in a highly precise double-row roller bearing and is adjustable - The drive is through a reduction gear for high torque and a speed range of 2.5 - 80 min- Warranty: 12 months on the machine Now get a 15% energy subsidy from BAFA when replacing an old machine! Also benefit from the favorable leasing and hire purchase conditions of our leasing partners. Ask us about it. Of course, you also receive free delivery, assembly/commissioning, and ready-to-use handover as well as control training from us. The special net price displayed refers to the smallest model of the conventional series. The images show the CNC variants as well as a conventional version.

Condition: refurbished (used), Year of construction: 1974, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 1276, CNC Hot Radial Forging GFM SX-13 New in 1974 / 2022 New control system PLC SIEMENS S7 Machine number: 1276 No. of Hammers: 4 Forging force each hummer: 160 Ton Hammer stroke / min: 700/min Hammer lenght: 240 mm Diameter setting range: 80 mm Maximum forging diameter: Structural steel, round-cross section: Ø 130 mm square cross section: Ø 115 mm Smallest dimensions forged: Ø 25 mm Manipulator A max. displacement: 6820 mm Manipulator B max. displacement: 7150 mm Laodpfoq U R T Nex Ab Ujh Maximum workpiece length: 6000 mm Rapid speed manipulator: 400mm/sec Total connected power: 300 kW 380 V, 50 Hz Machine dimensions: Forging height over floor: 615 mm Total height pf the machinr over floor: 1665 mm Total machine lenght: 32670 mm Total foundation lenght: 33400 mm Tot. machine width (without auxliary equipments): approx 3885 mm Total foundation width: 16000 mm Total weight of the machine: 84.000 Kg

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2000, travel distance X-axis: 3,000 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 1,000 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 1,000 mm, feed length X-axis: 4,000 mm, feed length Y-axis: 4,000 mm, feed length Z-axis: 4,000 mm, rapid traverse X-axis: 10 m/min, rapid traverse Y-axis: 10 m/min, rapid traverse Z-axis: 10 m/min, CNC bed type milling machine MTE BF 3200 Year of manufacture 2000 CNC control HEIDENHAIN TNC 426/430 Technical data: X travel 3000 mm Y travel 1000 mm Z travel 1000 mm Table size 3200 x 1000 mm Tool holder SK 50 Spindle speed 40 – 2500 rpm Spindle motor 22 kW Feed range 0 – 4000 mm/min Ledpfxowtpm Hs Ab Ueah Rapid traverse 10 m/min Machine weight approx. 18.5 t ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Electronic handwheel Manually swiveling milling head vertical/horizontal +/- 90° Milling head at rear axis manually swiveling / travel 90° Coolant system Machine can be inspected under power. Availability: immediately Sale from location Westerkappeln Dismantling and loading can be arranged upon request.

Year of construction: 2023, condition: new, Technical specs CNC – 800 Control Syntec Drive system YASKAWA servo drive Main motor 7,5 Kw Spindle speed till 7000 Rpm Max drilling dept 800 mm Drilling diameter 2,5 till 30 mm X stroke 800 mm Y stroke 800 mm Z stroke 800 mm cutting feed 300 mm/min spindle speed 7000 Rpm spindle motor Servo 11 Kw X servo motor 3,9 Kw Y servo motor 3,9 Kw Z servo motor 3,1 Kw oil pump motor 5,5 Kw oil pressure 21 bar table loade 6000 kg machine weight 8,3 ton machine power 34 Kw. Lajdpfxsk N Dtuo Ab Ueh Machine size 4,2 x 3,5 x 2.6 meter installation on request. price free on truck.

Condition: repair required (used), Manufacturer: Amada Type: 5020 Year of construction: 1990, Number of axles: 3 Pressing force: 50t Bending length: 2000mm Sold without prisms, The machine works, moves, Lajdpfjv Umm Iox Ab Uoh Error: End position of the Y-axis must be repaired. Height adjustment is missing,

Condition: new, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2025, machine/vehicle number: 1235, controller manufacturer: Germany Beckhoff, working width: 1,200 mm, bending angle (max.): 90 °, sheet thickness steel (max.): 4 mm, sheet thickness aluminum (max.): 6 mm, total length: 1,685 mm, total width: 1,262 mm, type of input current: three-phase, workpiece length (max.): 1,200 mm, workpiece height (max.): 430 mm, nominal power (apparent): 3 kVA, number of spindles: 6, opening width: 400 mm, - Germany Beckhoff System, Closed-loop control, High bending accuracy. - Italy GIVI MEASURE precision linear encoder. -High strength machine body after heat-treated. Lasdpowfwkqsfx Ab Ush - No need to change bending tool. - The Blank-holder tool can automatically change the length basic on the sheet length. - Multilateral automatic continuous bending. -Automatic programming software can finish all the process - Automatically check and optimize. the process -All servo motor control, fast and energy saving - Automatically control pressing force.

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), Year of construction: 2024, operating hours: 10 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 8046723D038, spindle motor power: 11,000 W, turning diameter over cross slide: 380 mm, spindle speed (max.): 3,000 rpm, overall weight: 2,000 kg, type of input current: three-phase, total width: 1,800 mm, total length: 2,500 mm, total height: 1,800 mm, torque: 373 Nm, Equipment: documentation/manual, CNC LATHE STYLE 350 [850 dbc] - main spindle motor power 11kW - main spindle bore Ø54 mm, 3,000 rpm - manual universal with 3 jaws D200mm - VDI30 turret with 8 positions - Coolant gun, including high-pressure pump - Work area lighting (LED) - Cooling system - Automatic lubrication - Ball screw protection - Full fairing with sliding doors - Speed potentiometer Lajdpfxovvwblj Ab Uoh - Coolant control button - Handwheel - Remote support on machine – allows remote diagnostics

Year of construction: 1974, condition: refurbished (used), functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 1293, CNC Radial Forging Machine GFM mod. SX-16 Manufacture: GFM (Austria) YOM: 1974 / 2022 Model: SXL-16 Machine number: 1293 PLC: Siemens S7 - Technology V4.2 with CNC Bosch Rexroth XM Numbers of Hammers: 4 Forging force: 800 Ton (200 t per Hammer) Strokes per minute: 580 Hammer length: 320 mm Maximum hammer setting scope - calculated by diameter: 100 mm Maximum diameter of forging regarding: - structural steel: circular cross section – Ø 160 mm square cross section – 130 mm - high alloy steel: circular cross section – Ø 120 mm square cross section – 100 mm Extreme quadrangle: 12 x 120 mm Maximum length of forging: 6000 mm Min and Max diameter of mounting in manipulator: 30 - 160 mm Feed of manipulator A: 6800 mm Feed of manipulator B: 7200 mm Passage through manipulator: Ø 130 mm Manipulators speed in fast move: 400 mm/s Feed speed of manipulators (stepless adjustment): 10 ÷ 115 mm/s Cooling water pressure: 3 ÷ 5 bar Temperature of inlet water: max. 30˚C Cooling water consumption: 34m3/h Ledpfxjq U Sa Ss Ab Uoah Pipe diameter for cooling water: 2” Compressed air pressure: min. 5 bar Pipe diameter for compressed air: Ø20 mm Consumption of compressed air: 1,5 Nm3/h Power supply (nominal power): 350 kW Motor voltage: 500 V Control voltage 220 V Power of main engine: 200 kW Power of pump motors: 185 kW Power of manipulators motors: 2 x 22 kW Dimensions of the machine Axis height of forging above the hall level: 750 mm Maximum height of machine above the hall level: 2.050 mm Maximum length of machine on the hall level: 33.740 mm Foundation length: 34.200 mm Maximum width of machine on hall level without loading equipment: 4350mm Foundation width: 15.600mm Machine net weight: 124.490 kg

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1997, travel distance X-axis: 3,708 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 1,208 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 1,002 mm, feed length X-axis: 5,000 mm, feed length Y-axis: 5,000 mm, feed length Z-axis: 5,000 mm, rapid traverse X-axis: 15 m/min, rapid traverse Y-axis: 15 m/min, rapid traverse Z-axis: 15 m/min, spindle speed (max.): 3,000 rpm, spindle speed (min.): 35 rpm, CNC Bed-Type Milling Machine – Universal ZAYER 20 KF 4000 Year of manufacture: 1997 CNC control: HEIDENHAIN TNC 426/430 Technical specifications: X travel: 3708 mm Y travel: 1208 mm Z travel: 1002 mm Table size: 4000 x 1000 mm Tool holder: SK 50 Spindle speeds: 35–3000 rpm Spindle motor: 22 kW Feed range: 6–5000 mm/min Rapid traverse: 15 m/min Machine weight: approx. 19.5 t ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Electronic handwheel Ledpfxowtpfpo Ab Uoah Automatically swivelling milling head vertical/horizontal +/-120° (stepless) Milling head automatically swivelling in the rear axis / 90° rotation Coolant system The machine can be inspected under power. Delivery time: immediately Sale from location Westerkappeln Dismantling, loading available on request.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2012, - 3-axis CNC center SCM Pratix S - model PRATIX 12B from 2012. - Range X, Y, Z axes: 2500x1250x150+ mm - Number of tool spaces in the magazine: 8 - Machine table: Raster aluminum table, 2 sections. - Control: PC control - Software: SCM NESTING, SCM XILOG MAESTRO - Serial no.: AH/115920 Number of milling axes: 1 Drilling unit: 1 - practically unused Maximum spindle speed: 24,000 rpm Tool holder: HSK-F63 Ledpfx Aeuu Ntgeb Ujah Main engine: 6.6 kW Table measurements: 130 cm x 260 cm Portal construction: Machine with movable portal Vacuum pumps: 2 pcs. BECKER from 2012 - one placed outside, the other installed in the machine. Vacuum pump capacity m³/h: 240/280 m³/h. Interface for reading CAD format (.dxf) Security: Rejects Weight approx. 2,500 kg Length: 5,900 mm Width: 2,790 mm Height: 2,190 mm Automatic tool length measurement

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2024, We offer very flexible CNC Pallet nailing machines designed for production most kinds of pallets Machine available in 2 versions Laodpfxotk Dghj Ab Ush 1. Palletmax it is double table CNC Nailing Machine 2. Palletstar it is delta-triple table CNC Nailing Machine with stacking robot. Also for pallets 2600mm length. - Easy and quick change system and training for new pallet. - Standard and adjustable templates. - Easy maintenance and low costs - High capacity . - Short production period.

Condition: refurbished (used), functionality: fully functional, Cold Radial Forging Machine GFM SX-10 Ljdpfx Asq U R Rujb Ueah YOM: 1971/2024 CNC: Siemens SINUMERIK ONE with PLC 1500 Forging Box Number of forging hammers 4 Max. forging force per hammer 1250 kN Number of strokes 1200 1/min Hammer lenght 135 mm Diameter setting range 60 mm Forge eccentric 3,5 mm Chuck head Clamping force max. 50 kN Advance speed max. 20000 mm/min Stroke 1290 mm Workpiece rotation 35-71 1/min Workpiece lenght max. 900 mm Counter holder Clamping force max. 50 kN Advance speed max. 20000 mm/min Stroke 1290 mm Mandrel Clamping force max. 20 kN Advance speed max. 18000 mm/min Stroke 800 mm Dimensions Lenght approx: 9100 mm Width (with electrical cabinets and control panel) approx.: 4500 mm Height forging machine approx.: 2150 mm Forging height above floor: 1250 mm Weight (forging machine) approx.: 29000 kg The machine is completely revamped with a new Electrics, Hydraulics, new Control and with functionality test before delivery.