Used Chain Belt for sale (11,391)

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2010, functionality: fully functional, conveyor belt length: 3,350 mm, conveyor belt width: 290 mm, conveyor belt speed: 30 mm/s, total length: 2,450 mm, total width: 650 mm, total height: 2,250 mm, overall weight: 125 kg, discharge height: 2,200 mm, power: 0.18 kW (0.24 HP), Equipment: emergency stop, type plate available, TAF item number: 1000005841 Manufacturer: Trio-Technik Year of manufacture: 2010 Overall dimensions (LxWxH) in mm: 3,400 x 650 x 1,860 Width incl. side wall in mm: 380 Width incl. drive in mm: 550 Side wall height in mm: 200 Conveyor length, total in mm: 3,800 Conveyor length, horizontal in mm: 1,500 Conveyor length, vertical in mm: 2,300 Conveyor width in mm: 290 Belt type: Plastic slats / link chain belt Belt width in mm: 300 Treads (height of treads/tread pitch) in mm: 50 / 36 Substructure: Rollable / height-adjustable Rsdexyk Ehspfx Ahzjbt Sliding surface: Steel Inlet height in mm: max: 200 min: 140 Outlet height in mm: max: 1,780 min: 1,720 Drive: head drive Motor type: angular gear motor Motor data: 50/50 Hz, 0.18/0.21 KW, 460/400 V Conveyor speed in m/s: 0.035 Net weight in kg: 140 Special features: Programmable cycle control / emergency stop, tunnel partially damaged Condition: used / fully functional Function test: OK

Condition: good (used), functionality: fully functional, conveyor belt length: 4,000 mm, conveyor belt width: 280 mm, conveyor belt speed: 80 mm/s, total length: 3,400 mm, total width: 650 mm, total height: 2,450 mm, overall weight: 150 kg, discharge height: 2,450 mm, motor manufacturer: Panasonic, Equipment: type plate available, TAF item number: 1000005844 Manufacturer: DynaCon Year of manufacture: unknown Overall dimensions (LxWxH) in mm: 3,400 x 650 x 2,450 Width incl. side panel in mm: 380 Width incl. drive in mm: 600 Side panel height in mm: with side guide: 300 / without: 200 Conveyor length, total in mm: 4,000 Conveyor length, horizontal in mm: 1,000 Conveyor length, vertical in mm: 3,000 Conveyor width in mm: 280 Belt type: plastic slats / link chain belt Belt width in mm: 300 Cleats (cleat height/cleat pitch) in mm: 50 / 460 Substructure: rollable / height-adjustable Sliding surface: steel Inlet height in mm: max: 330 min: 280 Outlet height in mm: max: 2,450 min: 2,400 Drive: head drive Motor type: Panasonic gear motor Motor data: 50 Hz, 400 V, 0.30 A Redpfx Asxy R R Rohzjbt Conveyor speed in m/s: 0.08 Net weight in kg: 150 Special features: programmed cycle control Condition: used / fully functional Function test: OK

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2007, functionality: fully functional, conveyor belt length: 3,300 mm, conveyor belt width: 285 mm, conveyor belt speed: 65 mm/s, total length: 2,900 mm, total width: 420 mm, total height: 2,150 mm, overall weight: 100 kg, TAF item number: 1000005827 Manufacturer: Fimatech Year of manufacture: 2007 Overall dimensions (LxWxH) in mm: 2,900 x 420 x 2,150 Width incl. side panel in mm: 330 Width incl. drive in mm: 360 Side height in mm: 250 Conveyor length, total in mm: 3,300 Conveyor length, horizontal in mm: 1,200 Conveyor length, vertical in mm: 2,100 Conveyor width in mm: 285 Redpfxox Dm Rbj Ahzebt Belt type: Plastic slats / link chain belt Belt width in mm: 300 Treads (height of treads/tread pitch) in mm: 50 / 320 Substructure: Rollable Sliding surface: Steel Inlet height in mm: 340 Outlet height in mm: Drive: Head drive Motor type: Panasonic Motor data: 50 Hz, 400 W, 0.12 A Conveyor speed in m/s: 0.065 Net weight in kg: 100 Special features: Including cycle control Condition: Used / fully functional Function test: OK

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2007, functionality: fully functional, conveyor belt length: 3,220 mm, conveyor belt width: 280 mm, conveyor belt speed: 100 mm/s, total length: 2,400 mm, total width: 440 mm, total height: 2,200 mm, overall weight: 100 kg, discharge height: 2,090 mm, TAF item number: 1000005820 Manufacturer: Fimatech Year of manufacture: 2007 Overall dimensions (LxWxH) in mm: 2,400 x 440 x 2,200 Width incl. side panel in mm: 330 Width incl. drive in mm: 380 Side height in mm: 250 Rjdpsx Dm Itjfx Ahzsbt Total conveyor length in mm: 3,220 Conveyor length, horizontal in mm: 1,100 Conveyor length, vertical in mm: 2,120 Conveyor width in mm: 280 Belt type: Plastic slats / link chain belt Belt width in mm: 300 Cleats (cleat height/cleat pitch) in mm: 50 / 350 Substructure: rollable / height-adjustable Sliding surface: steel Inlet height in mm: max: 320 min: 270 Outlet height in mm: max: 2,090 min: 2,040 Drive: head drive Motor type: Panasonic drum motor Motor data: 50 Hz / 400 KW, 0.12 A Conveyor speed in m/s: 0.1 Net weight in kg: 100 Special features: incl. cycle control Condition: used / fully functional Function test: OK

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2019, functionality: fully functional, conveyor belt length: 2,920 mm, conveyor belt width: 375 mm, conveyor belt speed: 60 mm/s, total length: 2,350 mm, total width: 580 mm, total height: 1,710 mm, overall weight: 120 kg, discharge height: 1,750 mm, power: 0.12 kW (0.16 HP), Equipment: type plate available, TAF item number: 1000005780 Manufacturer: Amboss + Langbein Year of manufacture: 2019 Overall dimensions (LxWxH) in mm: 2,350 x 580 x 1,710 Width incl. side panel in mm: 390 Width incl. drive in mm: 560 Side height in mm: 220 Conveyor length, total in mm: 2,920 Conveyor length, horizontal in mm: 1,300 Conveyor length, vertical in mm: 1,620 Conveyor width in mm: 315 Belt type: Plastic hinged plate belt and plastic cleats Belt width in mm: 375 Cleats (cleat height/cleat pitch) in mm: 50 / 255 Substructure: rollable / height-adjustable Sliding surface: steel Inlet height in mm: max: 470 min: 320 Outlet height in mm: max: 1,750 min: 1,600 Drive: head drive Motor type: gear motor, TP63A4 Motor data: 0.12 KW Conveyor speed in m/s: 0.06 Net weight in kg: 120 Special features: Includes cycle control, continuous operation possible, automatic stop in case of belt blockage Rbedpfx Asxv Dd Aohzjt Condition: used / fully functional Function test: OK

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2014, functionality: fully functional, conveyor belt length: 2,510 mm, conveyor belt width: 415 mm, conveyor belt speed: 60 mm/s, total length: 2,040 mm, total width: 660 mm, total height: 1,265 mm, overall weight: 110 kg, discharge height: 575 mm, power: 0.12 kW (0.16 HP), TAF item number: 1000005779 Manufacturer: Amboss + Langbein Year of manufacture: 2014 Overall dimensions (LxWxH) in mm: 2,040 x 660 x 1,265 Width incl. side panel in mm: 790 Width incl. drive in mm: 660 Side height in mm: 220 Conveyor length, total in mm: 2,510 Conveyor length, horizontal in mm: 1,310 Conveyor length, vertical in mm: 1,200 Conveyor width in mm: 415 Belt type: Plastic hinged plate belt and plastic cleats Belt width in mm: 430 Rbjdpfx Aextaaushzst Cleats (cleat height/cleat spacing) in mm: 30 / 485 Substructure: Rollable / height-adjustable Sliding surface: steel Inlet height in mm: max: 575 min: 325 Outlet height in mm: max: 1,460 min: 1,210 Drive: head drive Motor type: gear motor, TPG3A4N Motor data: 0.12 KW Conveyor speed in m/s: 0.06 Net weight in kg: 110 Special features: Includes cycle control, continuous operation possible, automatic stop in case of belt blockage Condition: used / fully functional Function test: OK

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2008, functionality: fully functional, Belt Grinder for Pipe and Profile Ends Demonstration machine, as new Year of manufacture: 2008 Robust belt grinding machine for pipe and profile ends on a stable base frame with a large drive motor for professional metal processing. Rjdpfx Aheydpkxszobt Description – ideally suited for finishing pipes and profiles – for diameters from 20 to 76 mm – grinding angles from 30° to 90° – high belt speed of 30 m/sec – powerful motors – vibration-free operation for optimal results Technical Data Motor power: 3 kW Grinding range: Ø 20–76 mm Belt dimensions: 100 x 2000 mm Guide piece adjustable from 30° to 90° Speed: 2905 rpm Belt speed: 30 m/sec Dimensions: 1300 x 640 x 440 mm Weight: 168 kg Accessories (optional) Roller set (radius rollers) for pipe and profile end grinder, ø 20 – 26 – 32 – 42 – 48 – 60 – 76 mm

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2013, functionality: fully functional, conveyor belt length: 9,050 mm, conveyor belt width: 600 mm, conveyor belt speed: 170 mm/s, total length: 8,450 mm, total width: 1,000 mm, total height: 1,600 mm, discharge height: 1,700 mm, power: 0.37 kW (0.50 HP), TAF item number: 100000554 Manufacturer: FRASCH Year of manufacture: 2013 Overall dimensions (LxWxH) in mm: 8,450 x 1,000 x 1,600 Rbodpfoxf Iuksx Ahzst Width incl. side panel in mm: 800 Width incl. drive in mm: 1,000 Side height in mm: 100 Conveyor length, total in mm: 9,050 Conveyor length, horizontal in mm: 6,950 Conveyor length, vertical in mm: 2,100 Conveyor width in mm: 600 Belt type: cleated belt Belt width in mm: 700 Cleats (cleat height/cleat spacing) in mm: 50 / 520 Substructure: fixed supports, height-adjustable Sliding surface: steel Inlet height in mm: max: - min: - Outlet height in mm: max: 1,700 min: 1,500 Drive: Head drive Motor type: Gear motor Motor data: SEW 0.37 kW Conveyor speed in m/s: 0.17 m/s Net weight in kg: Special features: Some cleats are bent or slightly damaged Condition: Used, fully functional Function test: OK

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2016, functionality: fully functional, conveyor belt length: 7,200 mm, conveyor belt width: 600 mm, conveyor belt speed: 170 mm/s, total length: 7,200 mm, total width: 1,000 mm, total height: 1,650 mm, overall weight: 400 kg, discharge height: 1,550 mm, power: 0.37 kW (0.50 HP), Equipment: type plate available, TAF item number: 1000004902 Manufacturer: Frasch Rjdswm I I Nopfx Ahzebt Year of manufacture: 2016 Overall dimensions (LxWxH) in mm: 7,200 x 1,000 x 1,650 Width incl. side panel in mm: 800 Width incl. drive in mm: 1,000 Side height in mm: 120 Total conveyor length in mm: 7,200 Conveyor length, horizontal in mm: 5,200 Conveyor length, vertical in mm: 2,050 Conveyor width in mm: 600 Belt type: cleated belt Belt width in mm: 700 Cleats (cleat height/cleat pitch) in mm: 50 / 510 Substructure: fixed supports, height-adjustable Sliding surface: sheet metal Inlet height in mm: max: 200 Outlet height in mm: max: 1,550, min: 1,450 Drive: head drive Motor type: Gear motor Motor data: SEW 0.37 kW Conveyor speed in m/s: 0.17 Net weight in kg: 400 Condition: Used / fully functional Function test: OK

Condition: new, The bSander 75.200 & 150.200 are machine sanders for sanding pipe faces and profile ends, for edge sanding and for face sanding on the upper surface of the system. bSander 150.200: Belt dimensions 150 x 2000 mm Belt speed 29 m/s. Drive power 4.0 kW//3x400 V//50Hz Dimensions L x W x H 700 x 530 x 1130 mm Weight 90 kg bSander 75.200: Belt dimensions 2000 x 75 mm Belt speed 29 m/s Drive power 3.0 kW//3x400 V//50 Hz Dimensions L x W x H 700 x 490 x 1130 Redpfx Asd Dp Aajhzjbt Weight 72 kg Price on request

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2012, functionality: fully functional, HBM 75 x 2000 Belt Grinder Demonstration unit, as-new condition with minor signs of use Year of manufacture: 2012 Description: - Universally applicable for grinding edges, surfaces, and for cylindrical grinding - Graphite coating on the flat grinding area increases the gliding properties of the sanding belt Rsdpfjydn Tfjx Ahzebt - Consistent belt tension thanks to spring-loaded tensioning device - User-friendly belt change, fast and straightforward - High grinding performance due to high belt speed - Quick adjustment for horizontal and angled position - Suitable for both workshop and industrial applications - Large flat grinding surface with protective cover - Includes fine adjustment for parallel belt tracking Scope of delivery: - K80 sanding belt - Sanding and support table - Rubberized contact wheel - Eye protection - Dust extraction nozzle - Graphite coating - Motor protection switch - Base frame

Condition: used, axle configuration: 3 axles, first registration: 07/1997, total length: 14,070 mm, total width: 2,480 mm, suspension: air, tire size: 385/65 R 22.5, wheelbase: 9,880 mm, Year of construction: 1997, Equipment: ABS, = Additional options and accessories = - Air suspension = Further information = Axle configuration Tyre size: 385/65 R 22.5 Axle make: BPW Brakes: drum brakes Suspension: air suspension Rear axle 1: tyre tread left: 25%; tyre tread right: 25% Rear axle 2: tyre tread left: 30%; tyre tread right: 30% Rear axle 3: tyre tread left: 25%; tyre tread right: 25% Weights Unladen weight: 6,160 kg Payload: 37,840 kg Gross vehicle weight (GVW): 44,000 kg Functional Loading platform height: 140 cm Condition Damage: none Identification Registration number: OF-38-GG Rsdpfxsydlpws Ahzobt

Condition: excellent (used), Catalogue number 7733 TECHNICAL DATA - Belt width: 150mm - Oscillation - Vertical oscillation movement - 2 rotation speeds - Work table: 1180x370mm - Work table adjustment: up/down, front/back and at an angle - Motor: 3kW - Platen - for precise grinding - With fan - Effective sanding length on belt: 700mm - Top/bottom milling cutters for edge chamfering - Extraction port diameter: 70mm - Dimensions (L/W/H): 1550/1400/1300mm - Weight: 490kg ADVANTAGES – with oscillation – with platen – with fan – includes milling cutters for edge processing/chamfering – for both curvilinear and straight sanding – unpainted – used machine, in very good condition Net price: 7500 PLN Net price: 1780 EUR (based on exchange rate 4.2 EUR) (Prices may vary with greater rate fluctuations) Rbsdpfxjya Hm Nj Ahzjt

Condition: excellent (used), CATALOG NO. 7728 TECHNICAL DATA - Workpiece length: 2800mm - Workpiece width: 1250mm - Main motor: 5.5kW - Sanding belt width: 150mm - Belt air cleaning - Pneumatic hold-down - Right/left rotation - Electric table height adjustment up/down - Extraction port diameter: 180mm - Overall dimensions (L/W/H): 3950x1500x1450mm - Weight: approx. 700kg ADVANTAGES – Unpainted – Electric table adjustment – Belt air cleaning – Pneumatic hold-down – Used sander, in very good condition Rbsdpfsya Hmvjx Ahzjt Net price: 8,900 PLN Net price: 2,120 EUR (based on exchange rate 4.2 EUR) (Prices may change with significant fluctuations)

Condition: used, Technical data: - GBT-2000 - Working width 1.300 mm - Total width 1.470 mm Rbsdpjya H H Nefx Ahzet - Length: 2.050 mm - Used - Feed speed adjustable via frequency converter - Frequency converter not included - Motor power 0.37 kW - Max. load 50 kg/m - Color: RAL 7035 light gray - Voltage fluctuations +/-5% - Location: in stock

Condition: used, Technical data: - GBT-2000 - Working width 1.300 mm - Total width 1.470 mm - Length: 2.050 mm - Used - Feed speed adjustable via frequency converter - Frequency converter not included - Motor power 0.37 kW - Max. load 50 kg/m Rbjdpeya H H Ajfx Ahzjt - Color: RAL 7035 light gray - Voltage fluctuations +/-5% - Location: in stock

Year of construction: 1994, condition: used, machine/vehicle number: 41094/30, Technical data: - Manufacturer: Cefla with cross axle - Type: TN/L - Length: 1.750 mm - Belt width: 1.400 mm - Total width: 1.600 mm - Height: 950 mm - Year of manufacture: 1994 - Feed rate approx. 2 - 8 m/min. - FU control for feed rate 50 Hz - Frequency converter required on site - Location: in stock - Volts, Hz 400 / 50 - Motor power 0.75 kW Rsdpeya H Hiefx Ahzobt - Voltage fluctuations max. +/- 5% - Location: in stock

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1996, Reel, unwind reel, motorized reel for sheet metal processing, motor reel, unwind reel, sheet metal unwinder, strip feeder, strip feeder for eccentric press, hydraulic press -Handover: in its current condition as inspected -Condition: without drive motor, without control unit, see photos -Manufacturer: Cisam Impianti, FEEDER belt feeding system -Type: 1000/2B Redpjitdikjfx Ahzjbt -Passage: 395 mm -Transmission: Ratio 68.37:1, max. 251 Nm -Pneumatic cylinder contact force: 1.6 tons -Individual components: see photos -Dimensions: 1340/920/H1690 mm -Weight: 829 kg

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2020, functionality: fully functional, working width: 1,350 mm, Wide belt sanding machine for woodworking Manufacturer: Viet, Model: SV3-4.3 RVXR Year of manufacture: 2020 Technical Data Manufacturer: Viet Italia S.r.l. Model: SV3-4.3 RVXR Year: 2020 Belt width: 1350 mm Maximum working height: 160 mm Machine with adjustable head (fixed working height of 900 mm) Feed speed: 1.1 kW (1.5 HP) Speed: 0.5–7 m/min Calibration sanding unit, sanding drum diameter: 190 mm Belt length: 2620 mm Dimensions: approx. W 2.2 x D 3.5 x H 2.5 m (+ dust extraction) Weight: 6.5 t (+ dust extraction) Features – Machine with movable head – Sanding belt change on the left side – Tool set – Digital thickness display – Material too strong at the infeed – Electropneumatic oscillation control – Air filter with condensate separator and automatic drain – Maintenance-free pneumatic system – Pneumatic lifting and lowering when switching sanding units on or off – Machine with head adjustment (fixed working height 900 mm) – Lifting system on 4 columns (spindle) with chain drive – Table extension front and rear, each with 1 roller – Industry 4.0 (LAN) package with LAN network connection – Centessimal lifting system with inverter – Electromechanical grit set – Belt speed adjustable via frequency inverter – V-Spin unit with 15-disc sanding system / diameter 80 mm The V-Spin unit consists of 15 disc brushes arranged in line and moving in opposite directions. The combination of both movements makes the V-Spin unit suitable for rounding sharp edges and removing slag or oxides. – 16 support plates for V-Spin unit, diameter 80 mm Scotch-Brite + abrasive, grit 80 – 16 support plates for V-Spin unit, diameter 80 mm Tampico + grit 80 – X-Spin unit / sanding system with 15 discs, diameter 123 mm Group consists of 5 rotary heads, each fitted with 3 rotating sanding brush pads, each diameter 123 mm – Oscillating Scotch-Brite brush – Linear cleaning systems – Conveyor belt Conveyor made of HYPALON rubber, heat and oil resistant, hardness 60 SH, smooth surface – Belt cleaning blower for the transport belt incl. extraction – IPC MONITOR 15" touch-screen control for machine operation, up to a maximum of 10 processing units – 2 Euro pallets filled with new sanding belts – Technical documentation including operating manual The control system manages the following processes: - Start sequence of selected drive motors - Storage of up to 1000 processing programs - Automatic positioning of thickness control - Acoustic and visual notifications at machine startup - Operating hours counter - Automatic control of feed speed depending on processing capacity (indicated in sqm). This functionality enables increased sanding belt lifetime through the use of statistics. Extraction Unit - Manufacturer: Ringler, Kärcher Group - Model: RE 36/110 D11 IE3 - Output: 11.0 kW - 2930 rpm - Connection: 400 V / 19.54 A / 50 Hz - Year: Dec 2018 - Weight: 754 kg Rsdpfxjya Eyho Ahzobt All information without guarantee. A demonstration is possible anytime in our showroom.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1985, Electric chain hoist, crane, overhead crane, assembly crane, manual trolley, trolley, trolley drive, crane drive, crane travel, trolley Rodpeya Aiyjfx Ahzjbt -Manufacturer: Steel, electric chain hoist with chassis -Chain hoist: Type T 302 L, load capacity 500 kg -Main stroke: 4 m/min -Fine stroke: 1 m/min -Hook path: 5 m -Crane chassis: Maximum beam width 135 mm -Dimensions: see photo and technical drawing -Transport dimensions: 600/550/H420 mm -Weight: 49 kg

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1998, functionality: fully functional, Working width 1100 mm, brush unit, vacuum conveyor, 4524 h, lacquer package (electric segmented sanding shoe), profile conveyor belt 2.3 mm, workpiece thickness 3-160 mm, working height 900 mm, sanding belt length 2000 mm, feed rate 3-15 m/min, drive motor 15 kW, connected load 20.75 kW, 6 bar, air consumption 4 liters/min, dimensions 1850 x 1600 x 2000 mm, weight approx. 2000 kg, good condition. Price ex location. Transport available at extra cost! Rbodpfx Asyaym Ashzst

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2010, operating hours: 3,000 h, * Volvo EC 180 CL * Crawler excavator * Year of manufacture: 2010 * Quick coupler * 3 buckets * Customer order Rbjdpfx Aheydharszjt

Condition: ready for operation (used), Dosing Belt Conveyor Kleemann Rbedemy Tddepfx Ahzet Brand: Kleemann A-A  length = 6.000 mm Beltwidth: 800 mm Driving : 4 kW E-Motor On stock : 2 Pieces.

Condition: excellent (used), CATALOG NUMBER 7857 Technical data: - Maximum workpiece width: 1100 mm - Maximum workpiece height: 160 mm 2 sanding units: – From above: - Rubber pressure roller, smooth 1) Calibrating grooved rubber roller - Rubber pressure roller 2) Grooved rubber roller + pad + metal roller - Rubber pressure roller - Total unit power: 15 kW – From below: - 3 driven rubber feed rollers - Feed belt - 3 driven rubber feed rollers - Sanding thickness potentiometer - Pneumatic belt oscillation - Table elevation: electric + manual (for precise adjustment) - 2 feed speeds - With pneumatic brake - Working pressure: 6-8 bar - Extraction port diameter: 2 x 140 mm - Overall dimensions (L/W/H): 1650 x 1960 x 2100 mm - Weight: 1250 kg ADVANTAGES – Not repainted – Czech production Rjdpfx Ahex Ifgrjzebt – 2 sanding units – Original operator’s manual (DTR) – Used sander, in very good condition Net price: 36,900 PLN Net price: 8,790 EUR Net price calculated at exchange rate: 4.2 PLN/EUR (Price may change if the exchange rate fluctuates significantly)

Condition: excellent (used), CATALOG NUMBER 7818 Technical data: - Max. working width: 1100mm - Max. working height: 180mm 2 units: 1) Grooved rubber roller for calibration 2) Grooved rubber roller for calibration – Top side: - Metal pressure roller - Unit - Metal pressure roller - Unit - Metal pressure roller – Bottom side: - 2 rubber sliding rollers - Feed belt - 2 rubber sliding rollers - Pneumatic belt oscillation - Electric table lifting - Sanding thickness potentiometer - 2 feed speeds - Feed motor: 0.80 kW Rsdpfx Aex Dbh Iohzebt - Main motor: 10kW - Operating pressure: 6–8 bar - Extraction port diameter: 2x155mm - Overall dimensions (LxWxH): 1670x1740x2040mm - Weight: 1200kg ADVANTAGES – Made in Italy – Sanding thickness potentiometer – 2 sanding units – Used sander, very good condition Net price: 25,900 PLN Net price: 6,160 EUR based on an exchange rate of 4.2 PLN/EUR (Prices may change with significant fluctuations)