Used Baling Press for sale (12,447)

Condition: reconditioned (used), bale length: 1,200 mm, bale width: 700 mm, bale height: 800 mm, bale weight: 380 kg, Press in perfect condition, unused after overhaul. Serviced only by the manufacturer. Perfect condition. Fully automatic operation. Adjustable bale length: 600-1200mm. 15 kW motor. Year: 2007. Bale weight approx. 380 kg. Bdjdpfjx S Sbdjx Adrod

Condition: ready for operation (used), Bramidan 4-0F Motor: 4 kW Press dimensions: 250 x 100 x 255 cm Bale dimensions: 1100 x 700 x 950 cm Bale weight: 200-250 kg Pressing force: 18 tons Weight: 1580 kg This device is used to reduce the volume of waste such as film, paper, etc. Price: €4500 Aventek MK 2500 Baler Bdsdpfjv Ai Uqjx Adrjd This is an industrial baler for compressing waste such as: - Film - Cardboard / paper - Plastics Pressing force: 25 tons Bale weight: 400 kg depending on material Bale dimensions: approx. 1200 × 800 × 800 mm Cycle time: approx. 50 s Power supply: 400 V Motor power: approx. 5.5 kW Year: 2013 Price: €6500 ORWAK 9020 Baler: - Motor 2.2 kW – 380V - Pressing force: 20 tons - Bale size: 1100 x 700 x 800 mm - Bale weight: depending on material, 200-300 kg Price: €5500

Condition: reconditioned (used), Year of construction: 1987, functionality: fully functional, pressing force: 10 t, filling opening width: 580 mm, filling opening length: 900 mm, bale length: 800 mm, bale width: 500 mm, bale height: 600 mm, bale weight: 100 kg, total width: 1,000 mm, total height: 1,540 mm, total length: 4,700 mm, overall weight: 1,200 kg, power: 6.8 kW (9.25 HP), transport length: 4,700 mm, Equipment: documentation/manual, safety light barrier, The machine has been overhauled by us and was completely disassembled. Main cylinder resealed. New hydraulic hoses. New hydraulic oil. Bdsdpfsy D Dr Sjx Adrjd Sub-oil motor. Plexiglass panels replaced. Guide rollers on the press plate readjusted. Triple horizontal manual tying. Tying with wire. Bale length adjustable: 400, 600, 800, 1000 mm. Operating manual with electrical and hydraulic diagrams available.

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2024, Also, different models are available! IMPORTANT: MACHINE WILL BE BRAND NEW * Piston shafts will be induction-hardened and chrome-plated. * The pressing box will be HARDOX plates. * Pumps and valves used in the hydraulic system will be MARZOCCI brand. * The hydraulic valve control lever unit will be SALAMI or VALVOIL brand. * There will be automatic Oil Cooling/Heating Systems. * There will be an oil temperature control screen on the electric panel and an oil level control on the hydraulic oil tank. * The machine will be manually operated. Bdodpfxsdfc Uns Adrsd * All electric-electronic material will be from the SCHNEIDER or SIEMENS brand. * Machine will be under AYMAS Makina San. ve Tic. A. Ş. Guarantee against manufacturing defects for one (1) year or 2.500 working hours whichever comes first. * The machine is CE and EAC certificated. The marking certifies that a product has met European Directives regarding consumer safety, health, or environmental requirements. SEE THE TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION BELOW Bale Size: 600mm x 400mm x ... Container Dimension (Width x Length x Height ): 620mm x 1.300mm x 620mm Capacity:

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, Also, different models are available! IMPORTANT: MACHINE WILL BE BRAND NEW SEE THE TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION BELOW 1. Bale Size: 500mm x 500mm x... 2. Container Dimensions (Width x Length x Height): 2.000mm x 2.500mm x 1.100mm 3. Capacity: 15-20 tons/hour (steel) 4. Cycle Time: 90 seconds ( Idle ) 5. Top Cover Cylinder Thrust: 90 tons 6. Preliminary Compression Cylinder Thrust: 150 tons 7. Main Compression Ram Thrust: 300 tons 8. Maximum Working Pressure: 300 bars 9. Electric Motor: 2 x 75 kW = 150 kW 10. Machine Dimensions (Width x Length x Height): 10.000 mm x 10.000 mm x 4.000 mm 11. Machine Weight: 55.000 kg 12. There will be an ejection door. 13. Repairable and four-edge-usable blades. 14. Container walls will be covered with HARDOX 450 - 500 material. 15. There will be an automatic SKF liquid lubrication system integrated into the compression chamber. 16. There will be an automatic SKF greasing system that will grease the bushings. 17. Piston shafts will be induction-hardened and chrome-plated. 18. Pumps and valves used in the hydraulic system will be by PARKER or EATON VICKERS & KAWASAKI brand. 19. Bypass filter will be added to the hydraulic system. 20. There will be an AKG Hydraulic Oil Cooling System. 21. All electrical parts will be SIEMENS or SCHNEIDER Brand. Bdjdpfx Asgwa T Rjdrsd 22. The machine will be fully automatic with PLC control, PLC brand and model will be SIEMENS. There will be a touch screen SIEMENS HMI Simatic Panel with emergency buttons placed on some important points. 23. There will be blades from 2767 material (hardness 55HRC) at the borders of the top cover and the sides of the scrap chamber. 24. Machine will be under AYMAS Makina San. Ve Tic. A. S. Guarantee for 1 year or 2.500 working hours whichever comes first against manufacturing defects.

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, Also, different models are available! IMPORTANT: MACHINE WILL BE BRAND NEW SEE THE TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION BELOW 1. Bale Size: 400mm x 400mm x... 2. Container Dimensions (Width x Length x Height): 1.000mm x 2.000mm x 800mm 3. Capacity: 4 tons/hour (Steel), 5 tons/hour (Copper), 2 tons/hour (Aluminium) 4. Cycle Time: 90 seconds ( Idle ) 5. Top Cover Cylinder Thrust: 90 tons 6. Preliminary Compression Cylinder Thrust: 150 tons 7. Main Compression Ram Thrust: 210 tons 8. Maximum Working Pressure: 300 bars 9. Electric Motor: 37 kW 10. Machine Dimensions (Width x Length x Height): 3.400 mm x 6.800 mm x 3.000 mm 11. Machine Weight: 18.000 kg 12. There will be an ejection door. 13. Repairable and four-edge-usable blades. 14. Container walls will be covered with HARDOX 450 - 500 material. 15. There will be an automatic SKF liquid lubrication system integrated into the compression chamber. 16. There will be an automatic SKF greasing system that will grease the bushings. 17. Piston shafts will be induction-hardened and chrome-plated. 18. Pumps and valves used in the hydraulic system will be by PARKER or EATON VICKERS & KAWASAKI brand. 19. Bypass filter will be added to the hydraulic system. 20. There will be an AKG Hydraulic Oil Cooling System. 21. All electrical parts will be SIEMENS or SCHNEIDER Brand. 22. The machine will be fully automatic with PLC control, PLC brand and model will be SIEMENS. There will be a touch screen SIEMENS HMI Simatic Panel with emergency buttons placed on some important points. 23. There will be blades from 2767 material (hardness 55HRC) at the borders of the top cover and the sides of the scrap chamber. Bdjdpfx Aedfc Iyjdrsd 24. Machine will be under AYMAS Makina San. Ve Tic. A. S. Guarantee for 1 year or 2.500 working hours whichever comes first against manufacturing defects.

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, Also, different models are available! IMPORTANT: THE MACHINE WILL BE BRAND NEW Bsdpfx Aedfcqasdrsdd The compression chamber walls are covered with HARDOX material for long-term life-cycle and friction resistance. A hydraulic Oil Cooling system is implemented for efficiency in hot climate conditions. Cylinder Rods are induction-hardened and chrome-plated. Pumps and valves of hydraulic systems are from worldwide reputable brands such as PARKER, and BOSCH-REXROTH. The machine is fully automatic by PLC control. It is easy to use with the help of the touch screen. All electrical and electronic parts are by SCHNEIDER and SIEMENS Brands. The machine is CE-certified. The marking certifies that a product has met European Directives regarding consumer safety, health, or environmental requirements. Machine will be under Aymas Makina San. Ve Tic. A. Ş. Guarantee against manufacturing defects for one (1) year or two thousand five hundred (2.500) working hours. SEE THE TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION BELOW Bale Size 400mm x 400mm x... Bale Weight 120-180 kg (Steel), 50-80 kg (Aluminium),150-200 kg (Copper) Press Box Dimensions (Width x Length x Height): 1.000mm x 2.700mm x 900mm Loading Bunker Dimensions (Width x Length x Height): 1.650mm x 2.300mm x 800mm Feeding Opening: 1.000mm x 1.600mm Capacity*

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, Also, different models are available! IMPORTANT: THE MACHINE WILL BE BRAND NEW The compression chamber walls are covered with HARDOX material for long-term life-cycle and friction resistance. A hydraulic Oil Cooling system is implemented for efficiency in hot climate conditions. Cylinder Rods are induction-hardened and chrome-plated. Pumps and valves of hydraulic systems are from worldwide reputable brands such as PARKER, and BOSCH-REXROTH. The machine is fully automatic by PLC control. It is easy to use with the help of the touch screen. All electrical and electronic parts are by SCHNEIDER and SIEMENS Brands. The machine is CE-certified. The marking certifies that a product has met European Directives regarding consumer safety, health, or environmental requirements. Machine will be under AYMAS Makina San. Ve Tic. A. Ş. Guarantee against manufacturing defects for one (1) year or two thousand five hundred (2.500) working hours. SEE THE TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION BELOW Bale Size 400mm x 400mm x... Bale Weight 100-180 kg (Steel), 40-100 kg (Aluminium),120-180 kg (Copper) Press Box Dimensions (Width x Length x Height): 1.000mm x 2.600mm x 900mm Loading Bunker Dimensions (Width x Length x Height): 1.500mm x 2.200mm x 650mm Feeding Opening: 1.000mm x 1.600mm Capacity* Bdedpfx Aded Iya Norod

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2015, operating hours: 20,331 h, functionality: fully functional, pressing force: 100 t, filling opening width: 970 mm, filling opening length: 1,800 mm, bale length: 1,200 mm, bale width: 1,100 mm, bale height: 750 mm, bale weight: 750 kg, overall weight: 33,000 kg, Good day, We hereby offer you, without obligation, a used, complete baling press line consisting of a baler manufactured by HSM, type VK 8818 R-FU, including conveyor technology and wire tying stations. The following technical data was taken from the manufacturer's operating manual and brochures, for which we cannot guarantee accuracy or completeness. Technical Data – Baler: Manufacturer: HSM GmbH + Co. KG, Germany Type: VK 8818 R-FU Year of manufacture: 2015 Operating hours: 20,331 hours (as of September 2025) Number of bales pressed: 29,020 bales (as of September 2025) Press force (main press): 1000 kN Specific pressing force: 120 N/cm² Shear edge ejector force: 121 kN Feed opening dimensions: 970 x 1,800 mm Theoretical cycle time (idle): 8.3 seconds Theoretical output capacity: 643 m³/hour Bale dimensions: 1,100 x 750 mm, length adjustable from 600 up to 2,000 mm Drive power: 2 x 45 kW, frequency-controlled Connected load: 110 kW Total current consumption: 213 A Fusing: 250 A slow-blow Tying: 5-fold horizontal, fully automatic Output at bulk density: 20 kg/m³: 12.86 t/hour 50 kg/m³: 32.15 t/hour Bale weights (approx. 1.2 m bale length): 650 up to 750 kg per bale, material-dependent Hydraulic oil tank volume: 2000 L HVI 46 PLC control system: Siemens S7-300 Control panel: Siemens TP 700 Baler dimensions (assembled): 12,130 x 4,800 x 3,270 mm (L x W x H) Space requirement (with conveyor): 35,000 x 8,480 x 7,745 mm (L x W x H) Baler weight: approx. 33 t (main press approx. 12 t, press channel with bale clamp approx. 10 t) Additional Optional Equipment Ordered: – Frequency-controlled main drive, 2 x 45 kW, with up to 40% energy savings compared to the standard 2 x 45 kW drive, with same performance – Manual activation/deactivation of the number of wire bindings to save tying wire on non-expansive material – Shear edge ejector with 121 kN pressing force – Sensor-based wire monitoring, with baler shut-off in case of wire breakage or wire end – Bale chute – Optical warning signal, mounted on the control cabinet Condition of the Baler: The complete baling system (baler and conveyor technology) is in good, ready-to-use condition. The unit has been cleaned weekly, lubricated, and maintained according to manufacturer specifications by the operator. Technical Data – Chain Belt Conveyor: Manufacturer: Stadler Anlagenbau GmbH Type: Chain Belt Conveyor KF 1800 Year of manufacture: 2015 Belt speed: 0.36 m/second Feeder belt length: 7,000 mm Inclined belt length: 14,500 mm Gooseneck length: 1,550 mm Incline: 30° Nominal width: 1,800 mm Usable width: 1,638 mm Overall conveyor height: 7,745 mm Pit dimensions for conveyor: 11,200 x 3,000 x 1,250 mm (L x W x H) Scope of Delivery: – HSM VK 8818 R-FU baler – Maintenance platform – Bale chute – Wire diverting stations – Wire spool trolleys (without wire spools) – Stadler KF 1800 chain belt conveyor – Transverse sliding belt conveyor – Pit cover from feed conveyor to pit – Second control cabinet to operate the baler from the conveyor – Machine documentation in English Delivery Time: Bdedpsyz Af Ejfx Adrsd The complete system has already been dismantled, placed into storage, and can be loaded at short notice following receipt of payment. We would be pleased if this or one of our other balers might be of interest to you. Your Service Team Mertens & Frowein GmbH

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2002, machine/vehicle number: 290/02, functionality: fully functional, Ulrich Schöwerling Delta Z50 de luxe – Hydraulic Baling / Press Machine The Delta Z50 de luxe, manufactured by Ulrich Schöwerling Maschinenbau, is a heavy-duty vertical hydraulic baling and pressing machine designed for efficient compaction of various industrial and waste materials. Thanks to its solid construction, powerful hydraulic system and simple operation, it is well suited for warehouses, production facilities and recycling plants. The machine operates via an electric motor-driven hydraulic unit. The press platen moves vertically from top to bottom, ensuring effective compression. The design allows for bale tying, making the finished bales easy to handle and transport. ⚙️ TECHNICAL PARAMETERS • Manufacturer: Ulrich Schöwerling Maschinenbau (Germany) Bjdpfxeyghhhs Adrodd • Model: Delta Z50 de luxe • Machine No.: 290/02 • Machine type: Vertical hydraulic baler / press • Power supply: 400 V • Frequency: 50 Hz • Current consumption: 16 A • Motor power: 8 kW • Machine weight: approx. 850 kg • Certification: CE compliant Typical applications: paper, cardboard, plastic film, textiles and other compressible industrial materials

Condition: used, Technical data: Pressing force: 178 kN Drive power: 4 kW Work cycle time: 23 s Loading height: 928 mm Loading opening width x height: 1195 x 558 mm Bale length x width x height: 1200 x 780 x 1000 mm Bale weight: 250 kg Machine width x depth x height: 1700 x 1075 x 2499 mm Bodpfxsv Akmze Adrodd Machine weight: 1300 kg 4-fold with polyester tape Year 2010-2013

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2022, Baling press for waste paper, paper, film, plastic, and other recyclable organic materials. Bdsdpfx Ajyyy Dpedrjd Manufacturer: HSM Model: V-Press 825 plus pro - TCS system (TorsionControlSystem) – platen parallelism control - Automatic start/stop when doors are closed - Display + bale and operating hours counter - Manual tie-off (4 polyester straps) - Sliding door with handwheel locking mechanism Machine dimensions: 1700 x 1250 mm, height: 2370 mm Loading aperture: 1195 x 540 mm Bale weight: up to approx. 280 kg Bale dimensions: approx. 1200 × 780 × 700 mm Throughput: approx. 2–5 bales/h Year of manufacture: 2022 Pressing force: 250 kN Motor power: 4.0 kW Machine weight: 1200 kg

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2012, The pre-shredder (upper section) is not included in the offer. Only the lower part is offered. Paper baler / baling press PRESTO CC 40 V Bedpsyrt T Tefx Adrodd Manufacturer: PRESTO GmbH & Co. KG Machine type: CC 40 V Machine number: 28074 Year of manufacture: 2012 Empty weight: 4,200 kg Max. operating pressure: 260 bar Protection class: IP55 Rated current: 30 A Rated voltage: 400 V, 50 Hz Rated output: 15 kW Electrical connection: 35 A gG Machine type: horizontal baling press for paper and cardboard

Year of construction: 2008, condition: good (used), Horizontal baling press Build in 2008 Bale size 800x1000x1400 Bsdpfjg Ibt Njx Adrodd Loading height 1250mm

Condition: used, Overall dimensions: 2800x2570x2000 mm Bdodoyibhkopfx Adred

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1986, functionality: fully functional, AUTEFA Bale Press LIFT BOX - semi-automatic bale press - 2-chamber system - pre-press - final press - automatic TITAN strapping machine Bjdpfx Adeytb Sgorsdd - control unit renewed in 2015 - hydraulics completely renewed in 2018 - condenser new in 2012 - fork bale removal trolley - transport segments (roller conveyors) - turntable - roller conveyor scale - roller conveyor lift table - packaging material - bale size WxLxH 1250x750x1100 mm - bale weight approx. 330 kg - daily throughput 25-30 t System available 2x (price per unit) Please note that disassembly, packing, and shipping/collection must be carried out by the buyer.

Condition: used, Model: HSM V-press 1160 plus baler Pressing force (kN): 59 Output (bales/h): 1-2 Max. bale size (mm): 1200x1100x1000-1200 Dimensions (L x W x H, mm): 1780x1150x2985 Power (kW): 4kW Weight (kg): 2300 Bdjdpjv Al Tisfx Adrod Year of manufacture: 2018-2019

Condition: good (used), Baler Hsm 155.1 vl Pressure force:, 18 tons, Unit pressure:, 2.33 kg/cm², Bjdpfxov Alace Adrodd Theoretical capacity:, 3 bales.h i.e. approx. 500kg/h Beam dimensions:, 1100x700x800 mm, Beam weight:, 150-250 kg, , Power supply:, 400 V/4 kW, ,

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2003, Technical data of baler 18S: Motor: 4 kW Connection voltage: 400/50 V/Hz Pressing force: max. 180 kN Cycle time: 22 s Pressing time: 12 s Filling opening W x H: 107 x 62 cm Loading height from floor: 98 cm Bjdpora Aghofx Adrodd Ejected bale* W x H x D: approx. 110 x 70 x 70-80 cm Bale weight: max. 120 - 180 kg Dimensions W x D x H: 152 x 95 x 197 cm Weight: 850 kg Year of manufacture 2003-2005 costs 3000 EUR Year of manufacture 2006-2009 costs 3500 EUR Year of manufacture 2010-2013 costs 4500 EUR Year of manufacture 2016-2018 costs 5000 EUR

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2012, pressing force: 40 t, Manufacturer: HSM Bdodpfxex H R U Ss Adrjd Model: HL 4010 Li Year of manufacture: 2012 Pressing force: 40 t

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2015, functionality: fully functional, pressing force: 100 t, Technical specifications: Pressing force: 1,000 kN Specific pressing force: 121.2 N/cm² Drive power: 45 + 45 kW, frequency-controlled Voltage/Frequency: 400 V / 50 Hz Idle cycle time: 8.3 s Theoretical idle throughput: 643 m³/h Theoretical capacity at 50 kg/m³: 32.15 t/h Bdjdsygud Aopfx Adrjd Feed opening width x feed opening length: 970 x 1,800 mm Bale width x bale height x bale length: 1,100 x 750 x 600–2,000 mm Bale weight: max. 700 kg or 800 kg, depending on material The baler feed system includes the following components: - 1 fully enclosed STADLER chain conveyor with appropriate shaft covers - 1 support and maintenance platform for conveyor and hopper - 1 STADLER conveyor - 1 automatic channel baler HSM VK8818 R FU (100 t) - 1 wire rack for 500-kg soft wire coils - 10 wire coil trolleys - 1 multi-control system for the baler - Full construction documentation and maintenance history - Serviced and maintained by the manufacturer Commissioning available upon request. Weight: 33,000 kg Tying method: wire Processable materials: plastic film, mixed paper, cardboard, hollow HDPE/LDPE containers, and plastic bottles The system is operational and can be inspected during operation. The machine will be dismantled on 16/02 and can then be inspected at our facility. Immediately available!

Condition: used, machine/vehicle number: 22031, Vertikale Ballenpresse / Vertical Waste Baling Press Pöttinger MP 600 ASerial-No. 5110176 Einfüllhöhe / Loading High max. 1070mm Bdjdpfjiiv S Sox Adrsd Einfüllöffnung / Filling opening 700 x 500mm Presskasten / Pressing box 700 x 500 x 900mm Ballenformat / Bale format max. 700 x 500 x 500mm Ballengewicht / Bale weight 40 - 80Kg Anzahl Umreifungen / Vertical binding 2 Online-Video-Inspection by Skype-Video We would be very pleased with your visit - more machines on Stock Available Immediately - Can be inspect On Stock Emskirchen / Nürnberg - Can be test

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2023, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 630213235, The machine is in like-new condition! The technical data is provided by the manufacturer. The seller assumes no liability for its accuracy! TECHNICAL DETAILS Press force: 594 kN / 60 t Specific pressing force: 45 N/cm² Cycle time in idle mode: 25 s Idle press capacity (theoretical): 32.5 m³/h Filling height: 1,115 mm Feed opening dimensions: 1,195 x 650 mm Bale dimensions: 1,200 x 1,200 x 1,100 mm Max. bale weight: 550 kg Material to be pressed: Film, mixed paper, cardboard, punching waste MACHINE DETAILS Drive power: 4 kW Voltage: 400 V Frequency: 50 Hz Door design: Sliding door Door lock: Hydraulic Type of loading: Manual Bdedpfjyqw Sqox Adred Consumables: Wire, looped wire Dimensions & Weight Dimensions (L x W x H): 1,780 x 1,568 x 2,985 mm Machine weight: 2,450 kg EQUIPMENT HSM TCS (TorsionControlSystem) for monitoring the inclination of the press plate Automatic start of the pressing process

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2005, operating hours: 15,606 h, functionality: fully functional, pressing force: 50 t, filling opening width: 1,050 mm, filling opening length: 1,250 mm, bale length: 1,200 mm, bale width: 1,100 mm, bale height: 700 mm, bale weight: 500 kg, power: 30 kW (40.79 HP), volume flow: 160 m³/h, Good day, Bedoyplwfjpfx Adrjdd We hereby offer you, without obligation, a used baler manufactured by Presto GmbH & Co. KG, model HPK 50 B. The following technical data have been taken from the manufacturer's operating manual and brochures, for which we assume no liability for accuracy or completeness. Manufacturer: Presto GmbH & Co. KG Model: HPK 50 B Year of manufacture: 2005 Operating hours: 15,606 hours Main press force: 50 t Drive power: 30 kW Total connected load: 31.5 kW Rated current: 64 A Throughput under operating conditions at a bulk density of 60 kg/cbm: approx. 6.7 t/hour Machine weight (press): 12.5 t Note: The machine has been repaired in our workshop (the main control valve on the hydraulic block was replaced) and tested during ongoing operation in both manual and automatic modes. Machine documentation is available in German. Viewing of the press can be arranged by appointment in our workshop. We would be pleased if this machine is of interest to you. Your service team at Mertens & Frowein GmbH

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2008, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 386, pressing force: 50 t, filling opening width: 1,110 mm, filling opening length: 1,050 mm, bale width: 1,050 mm, bale height: 730 mm, bale weight: 425 kg, total width: 2,100 mm, total height: 3,100 mm, total length: 5,000 mm, overall weight: 6,800 kg, transport height: 2,400 mm, power: 22 kW (29.91 HP), The press was replaced by a larger one. It was used normally until dismantling. All functions were fully operational. The press is located at Chemnitzer Str. 96, 09212 Limbach-Oberfrohna. Bdjdeypb Awepfx Adred