Used Packer for sale (304)

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2005, Crate unpacker Additional title: Unpacking machine for glass bottles Performance approx.: 50000 bottles/h Air consumption: 0,0002 m³ / bottle Number of packing heads: 6 pc. Power: 24,5 kW Voltage: 230/400 V Frequency: 50 Hz Itodjwgc Spspfx Afien Length: 6160 mm Width: 4120 mm Height: 5033 mm Weight: 2500 kg Formats: 0.5 l glass bottle (D=68.5 mm H=270 mm; Ale / Longneck), 0.33 l glass bottle (D=61 mm H=238 mm; Ale / Longneck) Running direction: across, right -> left Operation / Control: PLC, control box with touch panel Position: free standing Base construction: Square tube frame on spherical feet Features: 1 basic machine (lifting mechanism, horizontal linear unit, gripper head carrier, movement axes), 2 gripper head sets (frame with 6 ring gripper heads, 20 (24) ring grippers each, pulling device, manual changing device, container transport, container transport, safety device, electrical and pneumatic equipment Layer patterns: 6x20 across, 6x24 across, 20 plastic box (400 x 300 x 300 mm), 24 plastic box (400 x 300 x 270 mm),

Condition: good (used), Rash rust, unpacker with two vibration motors, good condition, ready for immediate use, wooden supports have to be replaced Itsdpfx Afsd Tx Absion

Year of construction: 2007, condition: used, Record Scorpion MEC. SP. Compact good condition flow packer. This machine has an in-feed belt that makes integration to an existing line much easier. Key features - New condition - Very compact compared to most other flowpackers, Only ±290 cm long, very easy to integrate. - Bottom seal Iodsmymi Tspfx Afistn - Very easy to set-up and run Optionally with additional infeed device, photo's in the album.

Condition: used, Ulma Atlanta High speed flow packing line possible with shrink film and shrink tunnel. Isdpfxsq Dvxxs Afiotn Bottom Seal

Year of construction: 2023, condition: used, Henkovac vacuum packers brand-new 2023 models available from stock. Advertised in the photo's Henkovac M4 Henkovac M6 Henkovac D1 Henkovac D4 Itsdpeku H I Sjfx Afijn All models are equipped with upgraded vacuum pumps for more performance, sensor control, filling plates, soft-air. Contact us for more specific information and photo's.

Condition: used, Krones PET Block 54/8 Monobloc Filler–Capper – Overview The Krones PET Block 54/8 is a second‑hand monobloc composed of a rotary isobaric filler and rotary screw capper for PET bottles. Engineered for beverage production and industrial packaging, this unit is ideal for integrating into a used bottling line requiring counter‑pressure filling and PCO 1881 closure application. With 54 fixed filling valves and an 8‑head capper, it delivers reliable performance on large PET formats with precise neck handling. Technical Specifications & Performance Data Configuration: Monobloc Filler–Capper (filler + capper; no rinser module) Filling technology: Isobaric, fixed-valve counter‑pressure Number of filling valves: 54 Valve pitch (center distance): 126 mm Capper: 8-head rotary screw capper for plastic closures Neck finish: PCO 1881 (short finish) – plastic screw caps Bottle materials: PET Nominal capacities: 1.5 L = 9,000–10,000 bph; 3.0 L = 7,000–8,000 bph Machine rotation: Clockwise Iedjxnlduopfx Afistn Overall dimensions: L 3.8 m, W 3.2 m, H 2.65 m Approx. weight: 7,500 kg Reference: M302 Module Details Filler carousel: 54 valves, designed for carbonated beverages and counter‑pressure operation; suitable for still beverages with inerting depending on product setup. Capper turret: 8 capping heads optimized for PCO 1881 plastic screw caps; consistent application torque and bottle neck handling for PET containers. Advanced Automation & Control Systems PLC platform: Siemens S7 for process control, diagnostics and integration. Signal and I/O: Provision for standard digital signals to synchronize with upstream/downstream equipment on a used bottling line. Process control: Counter‑pressure phases managed via PLC for stable fill levels and CO₂ retention. Production Line Integration Capabilities Line compatibility: Ideal for beverage production environments seeking to upgrade or expand a second hand industrial packaging line. Upstream equipment: Can interface with external bottle rinsers or blow molding machines (not included). Downstream equipment: Compatible with conveyors, labellers, packers and palletizers. Handling system: PET neck handling for stable transfer between filler and capper. Machine Condition & Maintenance History Status: In storage; filler dismantled and stored. Operating readiness: Operating after scheduled service/maintenance. Power: Not connected. Operating hours: Not set. Typical availability: Unit can be prepared for dispatch after service with a standard lead time. Operational Performance & Versatility Process benefits: Isobaric fixed-valve design supports low-foam filling, minimized oxygen pickup and consistent fill volumes on large PET formats.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2003, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: A40 1438, DIMAC Packaging Star F30 USED DIMAC Star F30 packer & thermo tunnel used for bottle packaging (3x2, 3x3, 4x3) 2003 Year - Currently machine is stored in WH. Also for SALE LINKER CSW-30 & BTG-1M €19,000 PACKER SHRINK WRAPPER LINKER EUROPA SP z o.o. SERIAL SW-001/03/2007 YEAR 03/2007 CAPACITY 30 cases / minute +Thermo tunnel for transparent & printed shrink foil Iodjtyu N Eopfx Afistn THERMOTUNNEL MANUFACTURER TERMO-PAK MODEL BTG - 1M SERIAL 3755 YEAR 11/2016 CAPACITY up to 7200 bph

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1999, Applicable material: Food Complete line for bottles composed of : Depalletizer, unpacker, bottle blower, filler- screw capper, cartoner, carton labeller, case packer and palletizer. Equipment out of production in 2020 Documentation available + lots of spare parts for each machine. 2 formats available. Capacity : 6000 bottles/hour in 370 ml 7500 bottles/hour in 200 ml. Complete line for bottles composed of the following elements: PRB Depalletiser – Destratus R99214 Year: 2004 Installation of PRB in 2004 Depacker / Accumulation table St Gobain Debalpack 800 Year: 1986 NO LONGER AVAILABLE : IMA Mystral – Bottle Blower Y16 LB3023 Year: 2009 Monoblock filling / sealing bottles: IMA Farmomac F370 18VL 8C Filler + screw capper / sealer 3700026 Year: 1987 Refurbished in 2004 NO LONGER AVAILABLE : Flexlink conveyor and accumulation table Year: 2004 Cartoning machine CAM HF 77-8 Leaflet insertion C12031 Refurbished in 2004 SFE carton labeller PRB Newpocket case packer 931004 Year: 1993 Isdpsvlzh Isfx Afietn Updated and Refurbished by PRB in 2009 NO LONGER AVAILABLE : Palletiser PRB Ministratus 990224 Year: 1999 Adaptation of PRB in 2004 Batteries of PLCs recently changed. Monitoring table available.

Condition: used, Ulma FR-305 flowpacker Itedpfx Afoxnklkoisn recently acquired and in fully operational condition. The system requires minor service or calibration to prepare it for full-scale production, but all components are complete and functional.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2002, Overview This PET filling line was manufactured in 2002 by Krones (Germany). The line is designed for carbonated beverages such as beer or lemonades, and also suitable for water with or without CO₂. With an output capacity of up to 12,000 bph (0.5 L), it offers a complete solution from bottle blowing to palletizing. The line is being sold due to modernization of the PET division and replacement with a higher-capacity system. Equipment is in good condition and still fully operational. Technical data  Line capacity: 12,000 bph at 0.5 L 9,000 bph at 1.0 L 8,000 bph at 1.5 L 6,000 bph at 2.0 L Formats: 0.5 L, 1.0 L, 1.5 L, 2.0 L Neck finish: PCO 1810 Max. bottle diameter: 106 mm Products: Beer (+4 °C), Kvass and lemonades (+10 °C), still and carbonated water Labelling: Wrap-around, pre-cut paper labels, hot-melt Secondary packaging: Film only (4×3 and 3×2) PLC: Siemens S7-300 Power supply: 400 V, 3PH, 50 Hz, TN-S Scope of Delivery Blowing machine | Krones | Contiform S8 | 2002 | Incl. preform feeding, chiller, box titling unit Rinser | Krones | Variojet | 2002 | Rotary Filler | Krones | Mecafill | 2002 | Rotary, isobaric filler for CSD and beer Labeller | Krones | SV 360-10-113 | 2002 | Rotary Labeller | Krones | Canmatic 600-10 | 2002 | Rotary, hot-melt Packer | Krones | Variopac FS-45 | 2002 | Film packer, 4×3 / 3×2 formats Palletizer | Krones | Pressant Compact 1N | 2002 Stretch wrapper | Robopac | Rotoplat | 2002 Air conveyor | Krones | Airco S | 2002 | For blown PET bottles Bottle conveyor | Krones | Synco S | 2002 | For filled and labelled bottles Pack conveyor | Krones | Multico S | 2002 | For product packs Pallet conveyor | Krones | — | 2002 | For pallet transport Peripheral equipment | Krones | — | 2002 | Cap feeding system, hopper, valve manifold Ijdoxhf Hiepfx Afijtn

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2004, functionality: fully functional, NP 684 | COMPLETE BOTTLING LINE PET KRONES 30,000 BPH Product: Still water (with neck modification can also process sparkling) Capacity: - 30,000 BPH with 0.5L bottles - 30,000 BPH with 1.5L bottles - 22,000 BPH with 2L bottles Total working hours: 56,000 Preform Tipper M. Tanner AG: Iodpexl R Uaefx Afiotn - Model: VZT-4010 - Year: 2004 Preform Washing System Krones: - Year: 2004 High Pressure Compressor Ateliers Francois: - Model: 20G282 - Year: 2004 - Pressure: 40 BAR PET Blower Krones: - Model: Contiform 20 - Year: 2004 - Number of cavities: 20 - Molds not included - Complete with preform feeder and orientator Cap Elevator and Orientator Gassner: - Year: 2004 - Supported cap types: Plastic pre-threaded cap - Type: Mechanical Cap Elevator and Orientator Gassner (Sport Cap): - Year: 2004 - Supported cap types: Sport cap - Type: Mechanical CIP Steinecker: - Model: Media - Year: 2004 UV Sterilization Station WEDEDCO: - Year: 2004 - Water treatment by UV rays KRONES Monoblock (filler and capper): - Model: Isofill - Year: 2004 - Rotation: Counterclockwise - Electric height adjustment Filler: - 88 valves - Filling type: Isobaric - Valve type: Mechanical - With degassing Capper: - 22 heads - Supported caps: Pre-threaded plastic; Sport Cap - Distribution: Pick & Place system Bottle Inspector Heuft: - Model: HBBVXTXXX - Year: 2015 - Bottle flow: Right to left - Inspection: Overfill, underfill, cap presence, cap misalignment Bottle Conveyors Krones: - Year: 2004 Labeller Krones: - Model: Contiroll - Year: 2019 - Rotation: Clockwise - Electric head adjustment - 18 mechanical cam heads - 1 roll-fed station - wrap-around label - Label presence control Shrink Wrapper Variopac: - Year: 2004 - Execution: Film only Wrap Around Packer Krones: - Model: Wrapapac - Year: 2004 - Hot glue system: Nordson - Packaging formats: 12x1.5L, 24x0.5L - Hours used: 1000 Bundle/Box Conveyors Krones: - Year: 2004 Handler Comag: - Model: H 55/2 - Year: 2004 - Double lane Palletizer Krones: - Model: Pressant - Year: 2004 - Package types: Bundles, boxes - Type: Push - Pallet warehouse - Interlayer system - Dual infeed Pallet Wrapper Robopac: - Model: HELIX HS 30 - Year: 2004 - Wrapping type: Rotating arm - Pre-stretch system

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2024, For sale is a used Hammer A3-41 planer-thicknesser with a planing length of 1800 mm. The machine has been inspected by our specialist staff and is in mint condition. Technical specifications: - Planing thickness width 410 mm - 3 knife blocks (reversible knives) - Dual folding planing tables - Planer stop pivots 90-45° - Thicknessing height 4-225 mm - 5.5 HP (4 kW) motor / 400 volts - Year of manufacture 2024 - Machine number 52.02.285.24 The machine is located in A-8561 Söding and can be inspected at any time during our opening hours. Subject to prior sale! Related terms: planer, thicknesser, planer, planing, thicknessing Itsdsv Scx Ujpfx Afisn Reference: R-L0J2U

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2013, PFM flowpacker, model: TORNADOBBLDINOX SERVO, serial number: D2391, year of construction: 2013, 400 V, 50 Hz, 13.60 A, 8 kW, weight: 950 kg, plastic mesh infeed belt with dividers, belt width: 230 mm, divider height: 55 mm, distance between dividers: 460 mm, plastic belt, belt width: 240 mm, total dimensions: 6500 mm x 1150 mm x 2050 mm. Including s/s switch cabinet, dimensions switch cabinet: 800 mm x 400 mm x 2250 mm. Itedpfxotq Udij Afisn

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1990, total height: 320 mm, total width: 260 mm, total length: 400 mm, Manufacturer : CERMEX Model: SL2100 Type: Case packer Year : 1990 Automatic machine for product grouping and case packing Side-loading case packing with taped closure Adjustable format changeover Previous format : Length: 398 mm Iedpfx Ajvlznbofietn Width: 260 mm Height: 315 mm   Mini / maxi cases: to be confirmed according to specifications Mini / maxi cartons: to be confirmed according to specifications

Condition: used, Board packaging line Itodpfx Afoxlgf Ieisn Roller conveyor Cross chain conveyor Board hill Packer Pack elevator Designed for boards up to 6 m long

Condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 1999, Filling machine: - Ampack Ammann KF 2/3 rotary filler - Output: up to 30 cycles/minute Formats: - Round cups: Ø 95 mm (3 cups per cycle) - Round cups: Ø 86 mm (3 cups per cycle) - Square cups: 85 x 85 mm (3 cups per cycle) - Square cups: 115 x 115 mm (2 cups per cycle) - Square cups: 119 x 119 mm (2 cups per cycle) - Year of manufacture: 1999 - Features: H₂O₂ cup sterilization, servo sealing station, Siemens S5 control system Packer: - Ampack Ammann ASGP4 - Fully synchronized with the filler - Year of manufacture: 1999 - Upgraded with Siemens S7-1500 control in 2020 Snap-on lid applicator: - SEMA Maschinenbau GmbH - Capacity: up to 6,840 cups/hour (95 mm cups, 3 units) - Year of manufacture: 2014 - Siemens S7-300 control Tray erector: Itodpfx Afsxgpzhsijn - SEMA Maschinenbau GmbH - Capacity: up to 35 cycles/minute - Year of manufacture: 2013 - Siemens S7-300 control General information: - The line is currently in operation and can be inspected upon request. - Condition: the overall condition is very good.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2008,   Machine Overview The ATLANTA COMBIGIOTTO 90-M is an automatic inline packer designed to collate containers and package them on a corrugated tray with film overwrap. The machine is configured for Wrap + Film on tray and operates with a straight product infeed. It is suitable for a wide container range, from 0.5 L up to 10 L, typically covering PET, glass or HDPE bottles, cans, and similar rigid containers. The unit was manufactured in 2008 and underwent a general overhaul in 2022. It is described as ready for operation. Operating mode: Automatic Infeed layout: Straight infeed (inline) Packaging: Tray wrap with neutral film overwrap Format range: 0.5 L – 10 L Machine configuration: Delivered without container infeed system (to be provided by the line) Year of manufacture: 2008; Overhauled: 2022 Typical process sequence: product collation in line; tray blank pick-up and forming/wrapping around the collation; application of neutral film and sealing; discharge to downstream handling. The configuration offers robust stabilization on tray with a protective film wrap, suitable for distribution and palletizing. Key Technical Data Model: COMBIGIOTTO 90-M Brand: ATLANTA Operating condition: Ready for operation Package configuration: Wrap + film on tray Film type: Neutral Tray: Available (tray packaging configuration) Machine feed type: Straight (inline) Format capability: 0.5 L to 10 L containers Itedpfoxdnbzjx Afijn Year: 2008 (overhauled 2022) Automation & Control Industrial PLC-based control with HMI for recipe handling and setpoint management (format parameters stored for repeatability). Speed control via frequency inverters/servo drives to synchronize infeed, collation, tray wrap and film application. Integrated diagnostics, alarm history and counters (shift/lot totals). Typical sensors: product presence, jam detection, film end-of-roll, tray blank level, safety interlock status. Electrical protection degree: IP54 for the electrical system and motors. Line Integration Container infeed: not supplied with this machine. The packer expects a stable, synchronized upstream supply (accumulation/spacing/dividing to be provided by the line integrator). Inline design simplifies alignment with fillers, labellers and downstream conveying. Standard interface signals (typical): machine ready, run permission, emergency stop loop, fault, upstream/downstream handshake. Detailed I/O list can be aligned during integration. Outfeed prepared for connection to downstream handling such as conveyors, inspection, or palletizing (to be defined during project engineering). Condition & Maintenance Overall status: Ready for operation. Overhaul completed in 2022 to restore full functionality.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1986, Saint-Gobain Desjonqueres Debalpack 800. Iedpfovlyu Tox Afijtn Unpacker of bottles under film. Year 1986 Saint Gobain accumulation table Introduction of the pack in automatic Automatic pack opening Automatic bottle transfer Automatic film evacuation Automatic film ejection History, documentation and electrical diagrams available

Condition: used, Board packaging line suitable for packaging of bulk boards or short materials with the option of spacers. ( ID000128) - manufacturer: JP Paketläggare - country of manufacture: Sweden Itedpfx Ajv Aumljfien - 5 board packers - infeed conveyor with beaters - packers are suitable for materials of different widths

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2008, Machine Overview Automatic tray plus film packer ATLANTA COMBIGIOTTO 90-M designed for secondary packaging of bottles with 90° side infeed. The machine forms a corrugated tray and wraps the product with neutral shrink film, then conveys it through a shrink tunnel to obtain stable, retail-ready bundles. Ideal for beverage lines handling PET, glass or HDPE bottles. Reference No. FA56. Year 2008, overhauled in 2022. Condition: Ready for operation. Indicative output up to 25 packs/min, depending on product and format. Operating concept: automatic grouping of bottles, tray forming/loading, film wrapping and shrink-tunnel consolidation. Packaging configuration: Tray + neutral film (shrink). 90° infeed enables compact layouts and easy connection to existing conveyors. Key Technical Data Make / Model: ATLANTA COMBIGIOTTO 90-M Operating type: Automatic Infeed orientation: 90° side infeed Packaging: Tray + film (neutral) Tray magazine/formation: Available Nominal capacity: up to 25 bundles/min (format and product dependent) Year: 2008 (overhauled 2022) Condition: Ready for operation PLC: SIEMENS S7 E 300 Automation & Control Industrial PLC-based control with operator HMI for recipe selection, speed setpoints and diagnostics. Inverter-controlled drives for smooth acceleration and product handling. Photoelectric sensors for product presence, jam and film detection. Temperature-controlled shrink tunnel for consistent film performance. Interlocked access doors with safety monitoring for guarded zones. Line Integration Upstream: accepts bottles from conveyor with 90° transfer to the infeed section; integrated selection/divider to create pack patterns before tray loading. Downstream: discharge conveyor after shrink tunnel for connection to inspection, case handling or palletizing. Signals and handshakes typically include start/stop, fault, emergency stop circuit integration and speed reference. Mechanical interface and layout drawings available on request for line engineering. Condition & Maintenance General overhaul performed in 2022. Machine presented as ready for operation. Preventive maintenance recommended: periodic checks of film path, knife/sealing components, tray magazine/erector, lubrications and conveyor wear parts. Performance & Versatility Suitable for a wide range of cylindrical or square bottles commonly used in beverages. Isdpfx Afsxdictsijtn Typical pack patterns achievable for bottles (e.g., 2×2, 3×2, 4×3, etc.) depending on container size and tray dimensions. Neutral shrink film for clear presentation; tray provides rigidity and stacking strength. Consistent bundle quality via controlled film wrapping and thermal shrink process.

Condition: used, Case packer from 1993 refurbished by the manufacturer in 2009. Automatic packing of boxes with cardboard group by rows and by stacking in a cardboard box with closure. Max. production: 20 to 30 cycles / minute Nordson Problue4 glue generator Label removal Delna DS 14 History, documentation and electrical diagrams available. Spare parts available. Product length 50 – 130 mm Product width 47 – 200 mm Product height 15 – 40 mm Carton length 70-250 mm Itjdpfx Aevlyk Usfijn Carton width 70-250 mm Carton height 40-120 mm

Condition: used, Board packing mechanization. The line includes: - board hill, - roller conveyor brings boards to one end, - cross conveyor with separation function, - board packer, - liner cassettes, - board package elevator, - output conveyor chains. Material length up to 1.8 m. Manufacturer Kallfass Itsdpov Ebcxsfx Afijn Country of manufacture: Germany

Condition: used, operating hours: 5,500 h, Used bottling line SIG for milk and juice year 2023 Isdpfx Asxcwxmjfiotn Overview of the SIG bottling line for milk and juice The used bottling line SIG for milk and juice year 2023 delivers a complete solution for aseptic packaging of liquid food products. Manufacturers designed it for high-speed production, reaching a capacity of 24,000 bottles per hour. Consequently, the line suits bottling operations for UHT milk and fruit juice. In 2023, manufacturers supplied all core machinery, except for a 2024 format kit. Therefore, this recent build ensures the line meets current industry standards and safety requirements. SIG CFA 1224-37 filler and sterilization system The SIG CFA 1224-37 filling machine serves as the core of the used bottling line SIG for milk and juice year 2023. Engineers designed this filler to handle sensitive liquids in sterile conditions. Moreover, the system includes a hydrogen peroxide supply unit from SIG, which sterilizes containers during the packaging process. The line has operated for 5,400 hours, and SIG’s technical team performed 4,000 hours of scheduled maintenance, ensuring mechanical reliability and hygienic integrity. As a result, the line maintains high uptime and minimizes production risk. Auxiliary components for line balancing and accessory application To optimize process flow, the Meurer buffer table balances upstream and downstream operations, ensuring consistent line speed and reducing downtime. In addition, the Geyssel straw applicator applies straws automatically to single-serve packaging formats. Engineers integrated these units to support flexible production layouts and packaging variants. For instance, these components are ideal for producers targeting school milk programs or portion-controlled juice formats. Secondary packaging and end-of-line systems The Meurer cardboard packer performs automatic secondary packaging into corrugated boxes. Technicians synchronized it with the filling and sealing units for seamless transfer. Furthermore, the SIG sterile air unit supplies and exhausts filtered air, maintaining aseptic conditions in critical zones of the production line. This is particularly important when operating under stringent food safety regulations. In this context, system reliability becomes essential for quality assurance. Air treatment and steam generation units Among the supporting systems, the Balance Air Equipments wet scrubber (2,500 CFM) treats exhaust air by neutralizing volatile substances generated during production. Consequently, the system helps meet environmental compliance standards. The steam generator (150 kg/h) from Forbes + NSK Engineers provides the necessary thermal energy for CIP cycles and sterilization. In this way, operators can maintain hygiene and system cleanliness efficiently. Additionally, these auxiliary units improve the overall sustainability and operational safety of the plant. Additional format kit for production flexibility In 2024, the supplier added a 65 ml – 1X100 format kit to increase the system’s versatility.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1993, Empty weight: 1.350 kg GVW: 1.350 kg Ijdpfx Asvlzpfjfietn Manufacturer : PRB / Marchesini Group Model : Pocket 3 Year : 1993 Type : Case packer Application: Case packing of cartons Manufacturer data : Box characteristics : dimension a : min 200 – max 550 mm dimension b : min 120 – max 330 mm dimension c : min 130 – max 350 mm Carton characteristics : dimension L : min 20 – max 550 mm dimension l : min 10 – max 130 mm dimension h : min 75 – max 200 mm Adhesive tape specifications : max external diameter: 220 mm core diameter: 77 mm tape width: 30 – 60 mm Weight: 1350 kg

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1988, Manufacturer : OLI Model: 210 Year : 1988 Type : Semi-automatic side loading case packer Application : To insert grouped cartons of regular shapes into shipping cartons Carton infeed and grouping : automatic Empty box loading: manual Infeed conveyor Outfeed roller conveyor Factory voltage: 220 / 380 V Control voltage: 24 V Max. pressure: 6 bar   Itsdpfev Hg Agox Afisn Current format: see illustration, adaptation can be quoted separately.