Used Trademak Srl Double-Shaft Multi-Blade Saw Squalo 420 for sale (28,662)

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, The multi-blade or double arbor circular saw SQUALO 420 is a technologically advanced, easy-to-use, precise, and highly reliable machine. It is essential in a modern sawmill for optimizing the production of sawn timber. Ideal for the production of battens, squares, sawn timber, profiles, trimmed boards, prisms, slats, and pallet components. SPECIAL PRICE, Iodpjx Urucofx Ag Ieat OFFER OF THE MONTH UNBEATABLE PRICE

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, The PIRANHA 310 Multi-blade or Multi-blade Circular Saw with single shaft is a technological machine, indispensable in a modern sawmill to optimize the production of sawn timber. ideal for the production of strips, squares, sawn timber, profiles, edged planks, prisms, boards, elements for pallets. Iajdpfx Ajhpbu Rjg Ijt SPECIAL PRICE, OFFER OF THE MONTH UNBEATABLE PRICE

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 1981, power: 45 kW (61.18 HP), cutting height (max.): 200 mm, shaft diameter: 65 mm, chain width: 340 mm, Double-shaft multiblade saw Manufacturer: Raimann Model: KD Chain width: 340 mm Cutting height: 200 mm Iaedpfxjyhlube Ag Iet Saw motors: 2 x 45 kW Shaft diameter: 65 mm Electric height adjustment Transport chain with spikes Feed system modernised to stepless speed adjustment via potentiometer, approx. 0 to 40 m/min. Includes 3 saw sleeves with saw blades, some fitted with new saw blades.

Condition: excellent (used), RAIMANN KD31 double-shaft multi-saw - after the technical review - German production - year of production 1988 TECHNICAL PARAMETERS: cutting width 340 mm cutting height 200 mm material width max. 800 mm engine power 2 x 55 kW feed speed smoothly regulated on the inverter disc diameter max. 350 mm lower shaft 400 mm upper shaft spindle diameter 65 mm sleeve diameter 80 mm four rows of pawls four upper pressure rollers Isdpfx Agjg Db U As Isat electric height adjustment the ability to work independently with each spindle ruler central lubrication caterpillar with nails table top height from the base 930 mm spigot diameter 200 mm transport dimensions (length / width / height) 320/200/240 cm weight ~ 5000 kg

Condition: like new (used), A. COSTA PUMA 2/50 350/160 twin-shaft multi-blade saw - made in Italy TECHNICAL PARAMETERS: cutting width 350 mm cutting height 160 mm 37 and 45 kW motors feed motor 3 kW adjustment of the width of the lower shaft blade diameter max 280 mm spindle diameter 2 x 60 mm sleeve diameter 2 x 80 mm width of track 350 mm total power 85 kW two feed speeds 15 and 22 m/min central lubrication minimum workpiece length 600 mm electrical height adjustment Isdpfx Asqy E Rlsg Ioat shaft height adjustment six top pressure rollers pressure rollers mechanical four anti ejection latches cast iron construction spigot diameter 2 x 220 mm rotation of spindles 4500 RPM overall dimensions of the machine (length / width / height) 250 / 235 / 210 cm weight ~ 5000 kg

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2020, functionality: fully functional, input voltage: 400 V, type of input current: three-phase, cutting height (max.): 150 mm, cutting width (max.): 600 mm, saw blade diameter: 425 mm, chain width: 600 mm, - Operating manual, CE - Year of manufacture: 2020 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS: - Minimum thickness of processed beam: 50mm Iajdjx Dkyyopfx Ag Iot - Maximum thickness of processed beam: 150mm - Maximum width of processed beam: 600mm - Minimum length of beam: 1200mm - Diameter of lower spindle: 70mm - Maximum saw blade diameter: 425mm - Spindle motor power: 30kW - Feed drive motor power: 2.2kW - Infeed roller table dimensions (width/length): 700 x 3000mm, roller length 640mm - Outfeed roller table dimensions (width/length): 700 x 3000mm, roller length 640mm - Spindle motor speed: 1420 rpm - Feed motor speed: 1420 rpm - Upper sawdust outlet diameter: 200mm - Lower sawdust outlet diameter: 200mm - Supply voltage: 3x400V, 50Hz Overall dimensions: - Length: 2980mm - Width: 1250mm - Height: 1670mm

Condition: used, engines - 55 and 55 kW feed motor - 7.5 kW height adjustment motor - 1.1 kW cutting height - 200 mm cutting width - 350 mm blade saw diameter max.- 300 mm spindle diameter - 2 x 60 mm sleeve diameter - 2 x 70 mm track width - 350 mm total power - 119 kW electric feed regulation automatic central lubrication minimum length of the element - 600 mm electric height adjustment shaft height adjustment six upper pressure rollers pneumatic clamps five anti-ejection pawls ruler stub diameter - 220 mm spindle speed - 4500 RPM dimensions of the machine (length / width / height) - 275 / 235 / 210 cm weight - ~ 7000 kg Feeders: max. cutting length - 1850 mm min. cutting length - 800 mm max. material length - 2500 mm min. material length - 600 mm max. material width - 700 mm max. material height - 200 mm roll width - 700 mm roll diameter - 130 mm number of rolls - 26 3 smooth pressure rollers 4 toothed pulling rollers feed adjustable on the inverter 0-70 m/min. central lubrication of saw guides Iaedpswrw D Rjfx Ag Ist power of the saw motor - 2 x 9.2 kW feed motor power - 1.5 kW power of the disc spreading motor - 3 kW chain motor power - 1.1 kW dimensions (length / width / height) - 7050 / 2100 / 1850 mm

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2014, functionality: fully functional, For sell a TOS Svitavy PWR 412 double-shaft multiblade saw with automatic vacum feeder and centering, manufactured in 2014. Includes: - PWR 412 multiblade saw - scissor table - roller infeed with automatic feeder and centering device - roller outfeed table - sawdust conveyor - control panels and control cabinet - several sets of saw blades - 112 used and 20 new Main machine points of specification: Ijdjx Hfvqjpfx Ag Ijat Saw shaft electric motor power: 2 x 90 kW Maximum blade diameter: 350 mm Maximum material height: 200 mm Maximum distance between horizontal blades: 400 mm Feeder speed: adjustable from 4 to 40 m/min Pneumatic and spring-loaded pressure mechanism Laser-guided sawn timber Saw shaft speed: 3800 rpm All technical parameters given in the last photos Very good condition, the machine has not been used from 2 years. It is connected to the power supply at the time of listing. Price net, VAT invoice included. Disassembly and transport are the responsibility of the buyer.

Year of construction: 2025, condition: new, The SQUALO 420 double-shaft multi-blade saw is a modern, easy-to-use, precise, and highly reliable machine. Ijdpfx Ajy Sw Euog Isat For sale due to project cancellation, equipped with 2x45 kW main motors! If you have any questions, feel free to contact us!

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, The SQUALO 522 Multiblade or Double Shaft Multiblade Circular Saw is a technological machine, essential in a modern sawmill to optimize the production of sawn timber. Ideal for the production of strips, squares, sawn timber, profiles, trimmed boards, prisms, tablets, elements for pallets. SPECIAL PRICE, OFFER OF THE MONTH UNBEATABLE PRICE Double shaft multi-blade: Squalo 525 motor powers from 55 to 132 Kw Description Details Conveyor belt width mm 520/620 Width Conveyor rollers at the entrance mm 510 Width Conveyor rollers at the exit mm 610 Max saw group width mm 500 Max cutting height mm 220 Min. Length of work mm 1000/1200 Max passage width mm 800 Blade shaft diameter mm 80 Max diameter circular blades mm 400 Blade hole diameter mm 100 Iaedpfxolz S Rbo Ag Iet Blade shaft speed rpm 3.800 Speed of advancement mt/min 3 – 60 Weight 9.500 – 10.500 Kg Overall dimensions mm 2720x2515x2105h

Condition: excellent (used), CATALOG NUMBER 7881 Technical data: - Cutting height: 30-200mm Iodpfx Aoyz T R Eog Ioat - Max saw blade diameter: 350mm - Spindle diameter: 70mm - Max cutting width of wood: 500mm - Working width of arbor with saws: 400mm - Minimum length of cut wood: 1000mm *Top: - Anti-kickback devices - 4 toothed feed rollers – pneumatically pressed *Bottom: - Sliding roller - Anti-kickback devices - Toothed feed shaft, 2 pcs - Arbors with saws - Toothed feed shafts, 2 pcs - Infinitely adjustable feed speed via frequency inverter - Feed motor: 3kW - Main motors: 2x55kW - Extraction outlet diameter: 250mm - Machine dimensions (L/W/H): 2150x1880x1800mm - Machine weight: approx. 3500kg ADVANTAGES – Made in Poland – Double-arbor multi-blade saw, 2x55kW – Original DTR + CE documentation – Used multi-blade saw in very good condition Net price: 88,900 PLN Net price: 21,200 EUR (based on the rate of 4.2 EUR) (Prices may change with significant rate fluctuations)

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, type of input current: three-phase, cutting height (max.): 170 mm, cutting width (max.): 380 mm, working height: 170 mm, – Italian manufacture TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS: – cutting width: 380 mm – cutting height: 170 mm – motors: 2 x 55 kW – feed motor: 3 kW – height adjustment motor: 1.1 kW – max. blade diameter: 350 mm – spindle diameter: 2 x 60 mm – sleeve diameter: 2 x 80 mm – track width: 350 mm – total power: 114.1 kW – feed speed adjustment via frequency inverter – automatic central lubrication – minimum workpiece length: 800 mm – electric height adjustment – shaft height adjustment Iedpfx Aew H R R Hsg Ieat – six top pressure rollers – pneumatic hold-downs – five anti-kickback devices – powered lower outfeed roller – connector diameter: 2 x 200 mm – spindle speed: 4500 RPM – machine dimensions (L/W/H): 300 / 220 / 190 cm – weight: approx. 5000 kg

Condition: excellent (used), CATALOG NUMBER 7906 Technical specifications: - Track width: 400mm - Working width of roller: 400mm - Max saw blade diameter: 450mm - Saw blade bore diameter: 70mm - Max cutting height: 160mm - Table width with extension: 720mm - Table length: 1900mm Iedpfoy Sn T Aox Ag Ijat From above: - Kickback fingers/ejectors: 2 rows - Sliding roller, metal, pressure type - Kickback fingers/ejectors - Sliding roller, metal, pressure type - Shaft with saw blades - Smooth sliding roller, metal From below: - Guide rail - Kickback fingers - Track - Electric body lifting - Central track lubrication - 2 feed speeds + stepless adjustment - Feed motor: 0.9kW - Main motor: 30kW - Extraction port diameter: 260mm - Overall dimensions (L/W/H): 2350x1800x2200mm - Weight approx: 2000kg ADVANTAGES – Italian manufacture – New track and sliders – Very good condition – Used multirip saw Net price: 55,900 PLN Net price: 13,300 EUR depending on 4.2 EUR exchange rate (Prices may change with significant fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), Multiple-shaft circular saw (gang saw) by FOD BYDGOSZCZ* DPPA III 50E 620/120 Catalogue Number: 7407 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS: - Maximum cutting height: 120 mm - Maximum workpiece width: 700 mm - Working width of the shaft with saw blades: 620 mm - Maximum saw blade diameter: 450 mm - Saw blade bore diameter: 90 mm Upper side: - Kickback pawls - 2 toothed driven rollers Lower side: - Kickback pawls - 2 smooth driven rollers - Saw blade shaft - Smooth driven roller - 2 feed speed options - Feed motor: 4.4 kW - Main motor: 30 kW - Machine dimensions (LxWxH): 2370x1400x1800 mm - Weight: approx. 3000 kg – Polish production Iaedjy Sn Tcopfx Ag Iet – Used machine, very good condition Net price: 38,900 PLN Net price: 9,260 EUR (based on an exchange rate of 4.2 EUR) (Prices may change depending on currency fluctuations) * MAR-MASZ guarantees the quality of your purchase but is not an authorized dealer for the manufacturer. All trademarks and names are used purely for informational purposes to identify the product. We only resell goods that have previously been placed on the market by the manufacturer. We have no business association with the manufacturer.

Condition: excellent (used), CATALOG NUMBER 6650 TECHNICAL DATA - Max cutting height: 200 mm - Track width: 450 mm - Shaft width: 450 mm - Blade bore diameter: 80 mm - Shaft diameter: 60 mm - Min. blade diameter: 250 mm - Max. blade diameter: 350 mm - Max. width of cant: 870 mm - Min. length of cant: 1500 mm From above: - Pawls - Feed shaft, toothed, metal - Pawls - Feed shaft, toothed, metal - Pressure unit - Shaft with saw blades - 2 feed shafts, metal, pneumatically pressed From below: - Guide - Metal sliding roller - Pawls - Track - Shaft with saw blades - Track - Stepless feed speed adjustment via inverter 4-40 m/min - Main motors: 2 x 75 kW - Feed motor: 3 kW - Electric vertical movement of body up/down: 0.55 kW - Electric adjustment of saw blade shafts: 2 x 0.25 kW - Central lubrication - Extraction nozzle diameter: 2 x 300 mm - Dimensions (L/W/H): 3100 x 2600 x 2000 mm - Weight: approx. 6500 kg - Centering device included - Toothed feed rollers: 3 pcs - Smooth feed rollers: 8 pcs - Motor: 2 x 1.5 kW - Pneumatic top pressure - Side pressure - Dimensions (L/W/H): 4850 x 1100 x 1800 mm - Weight: approx. 1000 kg ADVANTAGES Iedpoy Sn Rzsfx Ag Ijat – Czech manufacture – Double-shaft design – Centering device – DTR documentation – Year of manufacture: 2010 – Used multi-blade saw, in very good condition Net price: 262,900 PLN Net price: 62,600 EUR Net price calculated at the exchange rate of 4.2 PLN/EUR (in case of significant currency fluctuations, the price may change)

Condition: excellent (used), Catalogue number 7865 TECHNICAL DATA - max blade diameter: 315mm - spindle diameter: 30mm - blade guard included - max cutting height: 40mm - min saw spacing: 180mm - max saw spacing (edge-to-edge): 2400mm - manual saw spacing adjustment - main motor power: 2x3kW - feed motor power: 0.74kW - feed with inverter + forward/backward - overall dimensions (LxWxH): 3300x1000x1600mm - weight: 250kg ADVANTAGES – Made in Poland – Manual saw spacing adjustment Iaodpfx Aey Snypjg Iot – Very good condition – Unpainted – Double-saw, used Net price: 7,900 PLN Net price: 1,880 EUR based on exchange rate 4.2 EUR (Prices may change with major rate fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), FOD BYDGOSZCZ Shaft Multi-Blade Saw* DPPA III 50 650/140 Catalogue number: 7318 TECHNICAL DATA - Maximum cutting height: 140 mm - Maximum workpiece width: 700 mm - Working width of shaft with saw blades: 650 mm - Maximum saw blade diameter: 400 mm - Arbor hole diameter: 70 mm From above: - Kickback pawls - 2 driven, toothed feed rollers From below: - Kickback pawls - 2 driven, smooth feed rollers - Saw shaft - Ribbed feed roller - Stepless feed speed adjustment with inverter - Feed motor: 4.4 kW Iodjy R Dpqspfx Ag Ijat - Main motor: 30 kW - Machine dimensions (LxWxH): 2500 x 1400 x 1900 mm - Weight: approx. 2500 kg – Made in Poland – Used machine, in very good condition Net price: 36,900 PLN Net price: 8,790 EUR (based on 4.2 EUR exchange rate) (Prices may vary due to significant exchange rate fluctuations) * MAR-MASZ guarantees the quality of your purchase but is not an authorized representative of the manufacturer. All trademarks and names are used solely for identification and informational purposes. We only resell products that have been previously placed on the market by the manufacturer. We have no business relationship with the manufacturer.

Condition: excellent (used), Catalogue number 7807 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS - Track width: 350mm - Cutting width: 350mm - Blade diameter: from 355 to 505mm - Cutting height: 10-170mm - Spindle diameter: 80mm - Table dimensions: 1900x790mm - Height from base to table: 830mm From above: - 2 rows of pawls/kickers - 2 smooth, metal glide rollers - Shaft with saw blades - 2 pressure glide rollers From below: - Guide bar - Pawls/kickers - Track - Electric height adjustment of the body - Central lubrication - Stepless speed adjustment via inverter Iaedjy R Dkzopfx Ag Iot - Feed motor: 4kW - Main motor: 75kW - Extractor spigot diameter: 2x150mm - Overall dimensions (L/W/H): 2050x1800x1800mm - Weight approx.: 3500kg FEATURES - German-made - DTR technical documentation - Used multi-blade saw - Very good condition Net price: 58,900 PLN Net price: 14,000 EUR depending on exchange rate 4.2 EUR (Prices may change due to stronger exchange rate fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), CATALOG NUMBER 7890 Technical specifications: - Track width: 245 mm - Shaft width for edger: 380 mm - Shaft width for multi-blade saw: 320 mm - Max. blade diameter: 350 mm - Blade bore diameter for edger: 80 mm - Blade bore diameter for multi-blade saw: 65 mm - Max. cutting height: 120 mm - Table width (clearance): 900 mm - Table length: 1,780 mm Top components: - Pawls/kickback devices - Smooth pressure roller - Pawls - Smooth pressure roller Iaedoy Rtbispfx Ag Iot - Short element insert - Shaft with saw blades - 2 smooth pressure rollers Bottom components: - Guide - Pawls/kickback devices - Track - Centralized lubrication - Laser - Stepless feed speed adjustment - Feed motor: 1.1 kW - Main motor: 30 kW - Manual body height adjustment - Manual saw shaft adjustment - Extraction outlet diameter: 210 mm - Overall dimensions (L x W x H): 1900 x 1500 x 1800 mm - Approximate weight: 2,000 kg ADVANTAGES – Made in Germany – Stepless feed speed adjustment – Shaft with floating blade for edging – Sleeve for multi-blade saw included – Laser – Short element insert – Used multi-blade saw, in very good condition Net price: PLN 55,900 Net price: EUR 13,300 (based on exchange rate of 4.2 EUR/PLN) (Prices are subject to change depending on exchange rate fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), CATALOG NUMBER: 6911 TECHNICAL DATA - Track width: 350 mm - Shaft width: 370 mm - Max cutting height: 200 mm Maximum saw blade diameter: - Upper shaft: 340 mm - Lower shaft: 300 mm - Blade bore diameter: 80 mm From above: - Kickback guards - 2 pressure slip shafts - Pressure unit - Saw shaft 37 kW - 2 smooth slip shafts Ijdpfxsy Rtaxe Ag Ijat From below: - Infeed table + guide rail - Kickback guards - Crawler track - Saw shaft 37 kW - Crawler track - 1 outfeed shaft, slip, smooth - Pneumatically pressed rollers - Maximum saw blade diameter: 300 mm - Electric lifting of upper body up/down 1.1 kW - Automatic central lubrication - Electrically controlled stepless feed speed adjustment 3 kW - Extraction nozzle diameter: 230 mm, 250 mm - Dimensions (LxWxH): 3000x2300x1900 mm - Weight: approx. 4500 kg ADVANTAGES – Italian production – Twin-shaft – Used multi-blade saw – very good condition Net price: PLN 168,900 Net price: EUR 40,200 Net price calculated at an exchange rate of 4.2 PLN/EUR (In case of significant exchange rate fluctuations, the price may change)

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2007, FOD BYDGOSZCZ Shaft Multi-Rip Saw* DPPD III 50E 530/150 Catalogue number: 7405 TECHNICAL DATA - Maximum cutting height: 150 mm - Maximum element width: 700 mm - Working width of arbor with saw blades: 530 mm - Maximum blade diameter: 450 mm (currently fitted: 350 mm) - Blade bore diameter: 90 mm From above: - Kickback pawls - 2 toothed feed rollers From below: - 2 smooth feed rollers - Arbor with saw blades - Smooth feed roller - 4 feed speed options - Feed motor approx. 2 kW - Main motor 30 kW - Machine dimensions (L/W/H): 2400x1700x1900 mm - Weight approx. 3000 kg – Made in Poland – Used machine, condition: very good Net price: 38,900 PLN Net price: 9,260 EUR (calculated at an exchange rate of 4.2 EUR) Ijdpfjy Rrywjx Ag Ijat (Prices may change in case of substantial exchange rate fluctuations) * MAR-MASZ guarantees the quality of your purchase, but is not an authorized representative of the manufacturer. All trademarks and trade names are used solely for informational purposes to facilitate identification of the product. We only resell items that were previously put on the market by the manufacturer. We do not have any business relations with the manufacturer.

Condition: excellent (used), Catalogue number: 7548 TECHNICAL DATA Track width: 250 mm Shaft width: 250 mm Max saw blade diameter: 350 mm Saw blade bore diameter: 80 mm Max cutting height: 120 mm Table width with gap: 700 mm Table length: 1790 mm *From above: Ratcheting pawls Iasdoy Rrqpepfx Ag Iet Pressure roller, smooth Ratcheting pawls Pressure roller, smooth Shaft with sawblades Smooth pressure rollers: 2 pcs From below: Guide Smooth sliding roller Ratcheting pawls Track Central lubrication Feed motor: 1.1 kW Main motor: 30 kW Electric body lifting Manual saw shaft lifting Extraction nozzle diameter: 160 mm Overall dimensions (L/W/H): 2250x1700x2000 mm Weight approx.: 3000 kg – German-made – Electric lifting of body and saw shaft – Smooth feed speed adjustment – Used multi-blade saw, in very good condition Net price: PLN 68,900 Net price: EUR 16,400 at the rate of 4.2 EUR (Prices may change with significant fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2004, CATALOG NUMBER 7880 Technical data: - max cutting height: 150mm - max element width: 500mm - working width of shaft with saws: 400mm - shaft diameter: 70mm - max saw blade diameter: 450mm - from above: - anti-kickback devices - 2 toothed feed rollers – pneumatically pressed - from below: - slip roller - anti-kickback devices - 2 toothed feed rollers - saw shaft - 2 toothed feed rollers - stepless feed speed adjustment via inverter - feed motor: 3kW - main motor: 55kW - overall dimensions L/W/H: 2120x1600x1630mm - weight approx. 2750kg Iodpfxey Rrpxs Ag Isat ADVANTAGES – Polish-made – robust construction – Used machine, in very good condition Net price: 55,900 PLN Net price: 13,310 EUR at 4.20 EUR exchange rate (Prices may vary with greater exchange rate fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), Catalogue number 7878 TECHNICAL DATA - track width: 220 mm - shaft width: 200 mm - max saw blade diameter: 350 mm - saw blade bore diameter: 70 mm - max cutting height: 120 mm - table width with clearance: 1100 mm Iaedpfsy Rrhzsx Ag Iot - table length: 1640 mm - from above: - row of pawls/kickers - 1 metal pressure feed roller - pawls - metal pressure feed roller - shaft with saws - 2 metal pressure feed rollers - from below: - guide - pawls/kickers - track - stepless feed speed adjustment with inverter - feed motor: 1.1 kW - main motor: 29 kW - central lubrication of the track - extraction port diameter: 180 mm - overall dimensions (LxWxH): 2000x1600x1500 mm - weight: 1480 kg ADVANTAGES – Italian manufacture – used multi-blade saw – very good condition Net price: 27,900 PLN Net price: 6,643 EUR based on 4.20 EUR exchange rate (Prices may change depending on exchange rate fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), Catalogue number: 7545 TECHNICAL DATA Track width: 250mm Shaft width: 220mm Max blade diameter: 300mm Blade bore diameter: 60mm Cutting height: 100mm Table width: 650mm Iasdjy Rrhbopfx Ag Ist Table length: 1460mm – Top: 2 rows of pawls Smooth feed roller Blade shaft Smooth feed roller – Bottom: Guide rail Pawls Track 2 feed speed settings + stepless adjustment Central lubrication Feed motor: 1.2kW Main motor: 21kW Extraction outlet diameter: 180mm Overall dimensions (L/W/H): 1700x1450x1500mm Weight: approx. 1800kg – Made in Italy – DTR technical documentation – Robust machine – Used multi-blade saw, in very good condition Net price: 25,900 PLN Net price: 6,160 EUR depending on exchange rate 4.2 EUR (Prices may vary with significant fluctuations)