Used Tube Laser for sale (4,447)

Year of construction: 2025, operating hours: 2 h, condition: new, functionality: fully functional, The universal laser marking system LAS 28 XL from Systemtechnik Hölzer GmbH can be used for a very wide range of marking applications. With the integrated fibre laser, you can mark almost all materials such as steel, hard metal, aluminium and plastics. Depending on the requirements, the system can be equipped with a 20, 30 or 50 watt fibre laser. For permanent marking, the use of the laser is necessary in many industries. Gbsdpoqfcvijfx Af Uei With the powerful laser software, texts, numbers, 2D codes, QR codes and logos can be realised with just a few clicks and without extensive programming knowledge. The software automatically counts up serial and article numbers after prior setting. In addition, the software can read data (variable information such as drawing numbers, project designations, etc.) from existing tables and automatically transfer them to predefined areas. The use of a hand scanner is also possible. Bk3ky883 The standard equipment includes a laptop incl. holder with Windows operating system and laser software. Optionally, the laser model LAS 28 XL can be equipped with a rotary axis (3-jaw chuck) for marking cylindrical parts. Further options, such as lateral extension arms for marking long parts, movable Z-axis, drawer systems, etc., can be realised. Made in Germany Fiber laser 30W, 20 W or 50 Watt - Laser class 1 - Wavelength 1064nm - Marking field size 150x150mm (optionally larger) - marking software EZCAD in German / English - signal light for indication of operating status - optional: rotary axis (3-jaw chuck) - optional: digital height measuring system - optional: exhaust system (incl. activated carbon filter) - optional: outrigger for large components (one-sided, both-sided) - pilot laser (simple preview, contour preview) - focus finder (simple focus adjustment) - max. component height approx. 300mm - electrically adjustable Z-axis - Laptop incl. holder with Windows operating system - frame made of aluminum profile - air cooled - Door width approx. 700mm / door height(pass-through): approx. 400mm - Connection 230V - Dimensions: approx. 900 x 800 x 1900 mm (LxWxH) - Weight: approx. 100 Kg

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2017, Robot cell ABB robot with Clean Laser Godpowrcn Uefx Af Ujbi Manufacturer: ABB / Clean Laser Model: IRB4600 Year of manufacture: 2017 System consisting of: ABB robot IRB4600 Control cabinet Hand-held control unit Laser cleaning device Clean Laser type intelliScan30 TEKA extraction unit

Condition: new, functionality: fully functional, TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Model-S1530 Working area: 3.060*1.530 mm Laser power: 3 kW OR 6 kW Strokes on axele X/Y/Z: 1.500 / 3.000 / 100 mm Motors power on axes X/Y/Z: 0.85kW / 1.3 kW(x 2 dual motors) / 0.4 kW Maximum loading table: 800 kgs Positioning accuracy: ±0.03 mm Repeatability accuracy: ±0.02 mm Maximum speed: 80 m/min Maximum acceleration: 0.8G Gbodpfx Afsxfrgko Usi Exhaust system: Included (with 1,5 kW fan) Machine size (L*W*H): 4.950*2.280*2.130 mm Total weight: 4.550 kgs

Condition: excellent (used), Fiber Laser Marking Machine with Chiller – Industrial Laser Engraver For sale: Industrial fiber laser marking machine complete with computer control system and water chiller. The machine is suitable for engraving and marking metal parts, stainless steel, aluminum, brass, and plastics. Included in the sale: Fiber laser engraving machine Computer control system Industrial water chiller Gbjdoyq Rgnspfx Af Uoi Adjustable working table Applications: Metal engraving Serial numbers and QR codes Logos and industrial markings Jewelry and metal parts Condition: Machine is in good working condition and ready to use.

Year of construction: 2021, operating hours: 500 h, condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, 🔴 Trotec Speedy 100 CO₂ Laser – 30W + Filtration Extractor – Excellent Condition Professional laser cutting and engraving machine, Trotec Laser Speedy 100, renowned for its reliability, precision, and speed. Ideal for laser engraving and cutting on wood, acrylic, leather, rubber, plastics, textiles, paper, etc. 🔧 Technical Specifications: Brand: Trotec Laser Model: Speedy 100 Technology: CO₂ Laser Laser tube power: 30 W Working area: approx. 610 × 305 mm Height-adjustable worktable Safety lid with filtered viewing window Integrated front control panel Compatible with Trotec software (JobControl and Ruby) / standard drivers 🌬️ Included: Trotec filter extractor (standalone solution, ideal for workshops without external ventilation) Honeycomb cutting table Lens Lens cleaning fluid Gbjdjydvfvopfx Af Uoi 📌 Condition: Excellent condition Well-maintained machine, used in a professional environment Testing possible on site - Can be viewed and tested in Bordeaux - Assistance available for handling/loading - Transport at buyer’s expense (or can be arranged together); I can pack the machine in an OSB crate

Condition: new, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2025, control type: CNC control, degree of automation: automatic, actuation type: electric, laser type: fiber laser, laser source manufacturer: MAX Photonics, laser power: 3,000 W, laser wavelength: 1,070 nm, sheet thickness steel (max.): 22 mm, sheet thickness stainless steel (max.): 12 mm, sheet thickness aluminum (max.): 10 mm, travel distance X-axis: 3,050 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 1,550 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 120 mm, input voltage: 400 V, type of cooling: water, overall weight: 3,500 kg, door opening width: 3,000 mm, door opening height: 600 mm, Equipment: CE marking, cabin, centralized greasing system, cooling unit, documentation/manual, dust extraction, emergency stop, fume extraction, safety light barrier, New laser cutting machine with 3kW fiber laser We aim to offer highly precise, long-term stable, and yet affordable laser machines. Our machines are ideally suited for workshops and repair shops. A perfectly configured cutting parameters library is included, along with first-class service. - Includes 2D bevel cut function for weld seam preparation or the production of countersunk holes (see image) Please also consider our attractive leasing and hire-purchase offers. - Machine does not include an automatic pallet changer! Loading is performed on the long side of the machine - Very compact footprint - Extremely energy-efficient cutting system - Requires only approx. 4 x 4.5 meters of installation space - 3kW laser source from MaxPhotonics (G5/German version) - Laser generator with socket efficiency better than 30% - Suitable for aluminum - Top quality—schedule a viewing now! Cutting capacities: - Steel sheet up to 22mm (max) - Stainless steel sheet up to 12mm (max) - Aluminum sheet up to 10mm (max) - Brass sheet up to 8mm (max) - Travel range: 1500 x 3000mm (for large formats) - Machine control system in German - Safety light curtain for maximum operator protection - Comprehensive collision protection for the cutting head - Large laser safety windows for process observation - Extensive cutting parameter file - Nesting module included - Very easy to operate - High-performance laser chiller - Machine control system in German Gbsdpfeyacqwsx Af Uji - German service and spare parts supply - Powerful laser chiller - Optional filter extraction system available (5.5kW with frequency converter for quiet operation) Leasing or hire-purchase is available through our financing partner Sale only to businesses. Delivery/consulting/sales only in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. Machine dimensions approx.: Length: 4.0m Height: 2.3m Width: 4.5m Total weight: approx. 4500kg Need a different laser power, table format, or table size? No problem. I am happy to prepare a customized offer. E.g., 2kW machine from €29,990 Not sure which laser power is right for your application? Of course, I can perform cutting trials according to your requirements. There are many possibilities here.

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, Equipment: documentation/manual, Laser welding machine with 3 kW laser power, laser components from Siemens - welding machine with genuine CE and therefore also German manual, risk analysis and everything that is required to be able to operate a laser welding system in Germany. Wire feed case, also with genuine CE, is also included in the delivery. An introduction can take place here in the company. Gbjdpjn Sl D Rofx Af Usi

Condition: new, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2025, Glorystar Laser ALL NEW Laser Marking Machine | GM | 3-100W To meet various material and precision requirements for laser marking, we offer three options of laser marking machines for you to choose from. They are Fiber Laser Marking Machine, CO2 Laser Marking Machine, and UV Laser Marking Machine.? Laser Type: Fiber Laser Power:20-100W Optional Max. Marking Speed:7000mm/s Marking Range:50m×50mm-300mm×300mm Min.Line Width:0.03mm Min.Character Size:0.3mm Accuracy:±0.01 Dimensions:740mm×1150mm×1500mm Laser Type:CO2 Laser Power:15-55W Optional Max. Marking Speed:5000mm/s Marking Range:30m×30mm-200mm×200mm Min.Line Width:0.1mm Min.Character Size:0.6mm Gbjdpfx Aeuc S Iuef Uoi Accuracy:±0.01 Dimensions:740mm×1150mm×1500mm Laser Type:UV Laser Power:3-15W Optional Max. Marking Speed:7000mm/s Marking Range:100mm×100mm-300mm×300mm Min.Line Width:0.012mm Min.Character Size:0.15mm Accuracy:±0.01 Dimensions:1150mm×1190mm×1600mm

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, laser power: 1,500 W, pipe diameter (max.): 6,000 mm, pipe length (max.): 6,000 mm, input voltage: 380 V, input frequency: 50 Hz, Equipment: CE marking, centralized greasing system, cooling unit, documentation/manual, dust extraction, emergency stop, fume extraction, safety light barrier, Glorystar Laser ALL NEW Tube Laser Machine | VS6008G | 1.5KW (Nur für deutschen Preis!!!) 1.5KW Laser Source Cutting Head Glorystar Servo motor Inovance Screw rod Standard Guide rail Standard Chuck Standard High-speed flexible cable IGUS Electrical control Schneider automatic loading system (standard) Round tube ≤Φ87mm Godpfx Aev Dutzjf Usbi Square tube ≤60mm*60mm Rectangular tube diagonal ≤87mm

Condition: new, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2025, Equipment: CE marking, centralized greasing system, cooling unit, documentation/manual, dust extraction, emergency stop, fume extraction, nozzle changer, safety light barrier, High-strength welding bed Partitioned smoke extraction system Fully automatic butter injection system Fully automatic cutting, material saving, fast speed Cutting area 4000 × 2000 mm X‑axis travel 1520 mm Gbedpsw A Iilefx Af Uei Y‑axis travel 4020 mm Z‑axis travel 80 mm Max. combined positioning speed 170 m/min Acceleration 2.8 G Machine dimensions (L×W×H) 9500 × 2900 × 2380 mm Footprint 10500 × 3400 mm Net weight 8500 kg

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, functionality: fully functional, coil outer diameter: 1,500 mm, coil inner diameter: 508 mm, product height (max.): 200 mm, feed length X-axis: 1,520 mm, feed length Y-axis: 3,020 mm, feed length Z-axis: 80 mm, warranty duration: 24 months, total height: 2,380 mm, total length: 8,900 mm, total width: 2,300 mm, load capacity: 1,300 kg, input frequency: 50 Hz, input voltage: 380 V, overall weight: 180 kg, repeat accuracy: 0.02 mm, workpiece weight (max.): 15,000 kg, Equipment: cooling unit, GS-J Series has various workbench sizes such as 3015, 4015, 4020, 6015 to meet different processing needs Suitable for batch processing of thin plates with high flatness requirements of 0.6-3.0mm Uncoiling machine parameters: Maximum weight of coil (kg): 15000 Coil width (mm): 200～1524 Coil outer diameter (mm): Φ800～Φ1500 Coil inner diameter (mm): Φ508mm~Φ610mm (cast iron pad) Coil thickness: (mm) 0.6-2.0mm (stainless steel) ≤1524mm 0.8-3.0mm (carbon steel) ≤1524mm Feeding length (mm): 0～ Maximum stroke of equipment Unwinding speed (m/min): 0～15 Moving speed (mm/s): 0-8 Lifting speed (mm/s): 3.0 Lifting stroke (mm) : 350 Leveling flatness (mm/㎡): ≤±3 Fixed feeding line height (mm) : 870 Sizing accuracy (mm/m) : Length direction ≤±0.2 Gedpfxev Awguj Af Ujbi Diagonal direction : ≤±0.8 Revolutionize Your Coil Processing with One Machine, Five Functions! Uncoiling, leveling, feeding, cutting, and blanking – all in one seamless automated system for maximum efficiency. Smart, Flexible & Versatile - Effortlessly cuts special-shaped workpieces, adapting to diverse production needs - Optional touchscreen control with top-tier international cutting systems - High-quality drag chain cables – durable, bend-resistant, and interference-free

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, High-strength welding bed Partitioned smoke extraction system Fully automatic butter injection system Cutting area 6000 × 1500 mm Gedpjw A Ik Nsfx Af Ujbi X‑axis travel 1520 mm Y‑axis travel 6020 mm Z‑axis travel 80 mm Max. combined positioning speed 170 m/min Acceleration 2.8 G Machine dimensions (L × W × H) 14500 × 2300 × 2380 mm Floor footprint 15500 × 2800 mm Net weight 6000 kg Fully automatic cutting, material saving, fast speed

Condition: new, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2025, laser type: fiber laser, Equipment: CE marking, centralized greasing system, cooling unit, documentation/manual, dust extraction, emergency stop, fume extraction, nozzle changer, safety light barrier, Laser power: 3KW, 6KW, 12KW Standard hardware: waste car, fully automatic butter injection, dual-control workbench, adaptive multi-angle site placement, beam light curtain Optional hardware: fire bricks, high-pressure proportional valve (standard for 6KW and above), safety door lock, Independent laser cabinet, rear exchange table light curtain, rear lifting light barrier, Rear camera, internal camera, monitoring display, radiation-proof glass, upper cover fan, upper cover, partition dust removal Gbedpfxowz Ukye Af Uei

Condition: new, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2025, Equipment: CE marking, centralized greasing system, cooling unit, documentation/manual, dust extraction, emergency stop, fume extraction, nozzle changer, safety light barrier, 3015H high-speed laser sheet metal machine High speed enables efficient processing 1.5G acceleration 50%–100% increase in thin sheet processing efficiency 7Hz low-pass filtering Enables high-speed, high-precision cutting of complex shapes Gjdowvpcmopfx Af Uebi Over 50% improvement in fine processing efficiency High speed and high efficiency drive high productivity Our high-speed cutting machine features a dual-station high-speed shuttle table Achieves 15-second fast parallel exchange Loading/unloading and cutting processes run simultaneously without interference significantly boosts processing efficiency Doubles output per unit of time Crafted with care for eco-friendly design Equipped with zoned dust extraction Features 8–30 fully automatic high-power negative pressure extraction systems Smooth smoke discharge and excellent dust removal efficiency In terms of safety, our high-speed machines are more considerate Standardized with an industry-unique intelligent anti-collision human detection system Includes door interlock protection and motor torque detection Ensures safe production Designed to reduce the workload in sheet metal processing Equipped with a fully automatic lubrication system A total of 16 automatic lubrication points across the XYZ axes Extends component lifespan by 300% Delivers higher running precision with lower maintenance costs

Condition: new, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2025, laser type: fiber laser, Equipment: CE marking, centralized greasing system, cooling unit, documentation/manual, dust extraction, emergency stop, fume extraction, nozzle changer, safety light barrier, GS-20050H0G Section Steel Laser Cutting Machine Beam cross-section size: 450×400mm Beam center span: 2400mm Bevel cutting highly enhances competitiveness Smart cutting head equipped with professional Acu3D rotary axis Achieves multi-directional, multi-angle 3D cutting (Web beveling, R-corner cutting, V bevel, Y bevel) Versatile cutting Sheet, tube, and section steel cutting in one One-stop processing workflow, seamlessly integrated with TEKLA Easily complete drawing import - nesting & programming - process setup - material alignment - cutting Tube cutting Supports high-precision cutting of round tubes with diameters from 600–1200 mm Section steel cutting Supports cutting of H-beams up to 1200 mm Gbjdpfx Afjw I Ilij Uji

Condition: new, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2025, travel distance X-axis: 50,000 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 4,000 mm, input voltage: 380 V, input frequency: 50 Hz, warranty duration: 24 months, Equipment: cooling unit, GS-50040LB (Bevel Cutting) Ultra-Large Format Laser Cutting Machine 40kW Bevel Cutting + 60kW Straight Cutting Dual Beam, Dual Head, Dual Ultra Ultra-Large Cutting Area: 50m × 4m Dual High-Power Cutting Heads – 60kW Straight & 40kW Bevel Cutting Precision Cutting for Ultra-Thick Plates Bevel Cutting Performance: ✔ Y-Bevel: 40kW | 20mm Carbon Steel | 1.4m/min ✔ K-Bevel: 40kW | 30mm Carbon Steel | 0.35m/min ✔ V-Bevel: 40kW | 50mm Carbon Steel | 0.2m/min ✔ Straight Cutting: 60kW | 150mm Carbon Steel | 0.3m/min Gbjdpfov Ng E Tex Af Uoi Applications: Aerospace | Shipbuilding | Bridges | Heavy Machinery

Condition: new, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2025, travel distance X-axis: 4,050 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 25,050 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 450 mm, Equipment: cooling unit, safety light barrier, Working area (mm) : 26000×3500（Bevel cutting：25500×3000） X axis travel distance (mm): 4050 mm Y axis travel distance (mm): 25050 mm Z axis travel distance (mm): 450 mm Gedpfjv E Hwzjx Af Ujbi X/Y axis positioning accuracy : ±0.03 mm/m X/Y axis repeat positioning accuracy: ±0.02 mm Max. synthetic positioning speed: 110m/min Max. acceleration: 1.2 G It can support cutting of various groove types such as V, Y, X, etc., with a maximum groove of ±45° and one-time forming, reducing the number of beveling processes, reducing costs and increasing efficiency.

Condition: new, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2025, laser type: fiber laser, laser power: 40,000 W, Equipment: CE marking, centralized greasing system, cooling unit, documentation/manual, dust extraction, emergency stop, fume extraction, nozzle changer, safety light barrier, Type: exchange table, fully protected exchange table, ultra-high power, dual platform Laser power: 12KW15KW, 20KW, 30KW, 40KW, 3KW.6KW Standard hardware: scrap car, fire brick, fully automatic butter filling, dual-control workbench, adaptive multi-angle site placement, rear lift light-blocking door, rear camera, internal camera, monitoring display, radiation-proof glass, top cover beam light curtain, partition dust removal Gjdpewxam Ijfx Af Uobi Optional hardware: light-blocking rubber strip, high-pressure proportional valve (standard above 6KW), safety door lock, independent laser cabinet, rear exchange table light curtain, top cover fan Optional functions: FDA configuration, CSA configuration, TUV configuration, conventional CE configuration

Condition: new, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2025, laser power: 40,000 W, travel distance X-axis: 3,500 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 28,000 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 850 mm, overall weight: 5,000 kg, Equipment: cooling unit, X axis travel distance (mm): 3500mm Y axis travel distance (mm): 28000mm Z axis travel distance (mm): 850mm A axis travel distance (mm): ±90° C axis travel distance (mm): ±90° U axis travel distance (mm): 30mm Maximum speed: 40m/min Positioning accuracy: ±0.1mm Support steel types: H-beam, channel steel, I-beam, T-beam, angle steel Maximum size of steel section: 1000mm*400mm Maximum weight of steel: 5tons Gbedpovzyf Djfx Af Uoi

Condition: new, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2025, laser type: fiber laser, Equipment: CE marking, centralized greasing system, cooling unit, documentation/manual, dust extraction, emergency stop, fume extraction, nozzle changer, safety light barrier, Cutting format (mm): 12000*2500 Gbsdpowwz Dxofx Af Uei X-axis travel (mm): 2530 Y-axis travel (mm): 12050 Z-axis travel (mm): 120 Maximum synthetic positioning speed (m/min): 140 Acceleration (G): 1.5 Main unit volume (mm): 15600*3650*1900 Floor area (mm): 16000*5500 Total machine weight (KG): 12500

Condition: new, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2025, laser type: fiber laser, laser power: 12,000 W, Equipment: CE marking, centralized greasing system, cooling unit, documentation/manual, dust extraction, emergency stop, fume extraction, nozzle changer, safety light barrier, X-Axis Travel(mm）: 2050 Y-Axis Travel(mm）: 4050 Z-Axis Travel(mm) ：270 X/Y Axis Positioning Accuracy: ≤0.03mm/m X/Y Axis Repositioning Accuracy: ≤±0.02mm Maximum Synthetic Positioning Speed: 170m/min Maximum Acceleration: 2.5G Gjdpfx Aswxaq Tsf Uobi

Condition: new, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2025, travel distance X-axis: 3,100 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 1,600 mm, Equipment: cooling unit, New GS-3015 Series economic fiber laser cutting machine is a high performance thin sheet metal laser cutting machine with 1000w/1500w/2000w/3000w fiber laser optional. Gbsdpfxjv Hnk Es Af Uoi It is suitable for cutting all thin metals, such as stainless steel, carbon steel, galvanized steel, aluminum, brass, etc. After redesign, New GS-3015 Series can provide larger effective strokes up to 3100*1600mm. Any thin metal sheet cutting idea or project? It will be your best solution for its high speed, high precision, high quality, stable performance, long lifetime, and low cost.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2008, For sale is a laser head of the Lang-Laser brand and type J48-1SW The laser has been professionally dismantled and stored in working order Technical data Year of manufacture: 2008 Voltage: 30 V Gbsdpfot Dmbyex Af Uei Prices plus VAT Viewing possible by appointment. Contact us, our team will be happy to help you. Trade-in or exchange possible! Machines purchase / sale PURCHASE / SALE OF PRODUCTION & METALWORKING MACHINES AND MUCH MORE. Do you need a high-quality but inexpensive metalworking machine for your production? Or do you want to sell yours? For further information or contact options, please visit our website

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2006, functionality: fully functional, 1 x Laser s.r.l. rotary biscuit moulding machine, used to deposit biscuits onto 18'' x 30'' baking trays. NEVER USED IN PRODUCTION. Model - RM-50-ST. Serial number - RMST.1774.06. Date of manufacture - 2006 (never used). Production speed - 4 to 14 pans / minute. Production capacity - 100 to 350 kg / hour. Overall dimensions - 2600mm long x 960mm wide x 1400mm high. Weight - 540 kg. Electrical requirements - 380 V / 50 hz / 3 phase. Supplied with 2 x pallets of trays. Gbjdoymzz Iepfx Af Uoi

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), Year of construction: 2025, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: F20iMW1 Faserlaser, workpiece weight (max.): 50 kg, laser power: 20 W, type of cooling: air, total width: 920 mm, total height: 1,760 mm, total length: 940 mm, overall weight: 250 kg, warranty duration: 6 months, height adjustment type: electric, scan area width: 175 mm, table length: 710 mm, table width: 400 mm, laser wavelength: 1,064 nm, Equipment: cabin, Used fiber laser system for professional engraving, marking, and labeling of metals and plastics. Industrial quality, laser class 1, CE-compliant, Made in Germany. Technical Data - Laser source: IPG Ytterbium fiber laser (MOPA) - Power: 20 W - Wavelength: 1064 nm - Pulse frequency: 20–200 kHz - Beam quality: M² < 1.6 - Power supply: 230 V / 50 Hz Scanner & Optics - X-Y galvo scanner for 1064 nm - F-Theta lens f = 254 mm - Marking field: approx. 175 × 175 mm - Pilot laser (red) + 2 focus distance lasers for focus setting Godpfx Ajyctfdef Uobi Machine & Work Area - Enclosed laser class 1 workstation - Combined sit/stand workstation - Motorized Z-axis (400 mm total travel) - Stainless steel worktable with 25-mm perforated grid - Extraction port DN50 (extraction unit not included) Control & Software - Industrial PC - SK CONTROL marking software (texts, logos, QR codes, variable data) - Ethernet, USB, RS232, Start/Stop for extraction - 23" monitor, keyboard & mouse Scope of Delivery & Safety - Complete machine with aluminum housing - Emergency stop, main switch, status indicators - Circuit diagrams & operating manual - CE, TÜV-tested - Laser class 1