Used Packaging Automation Pa182 for sale (22,236)

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, functionality: fully functional, total width: 913 mm, total length: 634 mm, total height: 1,700 mm, warranty duration: 12 months, compressed air connection: 6 bar, overall weight: 200 kg, power: 1.9 kW (2.58 HP), input voltage: 230 V, Semi-automatic tube filling machine. Efficiency up to 13 tubes per minute. Ncjdpfjxx Uihox Afaor Dose from 5ml to 270ml Tube diameter from 19mm to 50mm Tube height from 70 to 210mm Made in Poland Machine available to view and test at the firm's premises. Jedliński Packaging sp. z o.o. ul. Wodna 3 05-090, Raszyn Poland

Year of construction: 2008, condition: repair required (used), functionality: limited functionality, machine/vehicle number: 346100, Machine SAR-1000-B-015 including accessories: ULT ASD 300 Ex extraction unit. The operating manual can be provided as a PDF. The machine is currently in the condition shown in the pictures. It can be placed on pallets for collection if required. Ncjdpfsxwvruox Afasr The machine has been inspected by Schunk, who determined that the following spare parts are needed: - Z-axis - Bearings for Y1 and Y2 axes - Replacement of power cable, Hall sensor cable, and pneumatic hoses - X-axis brake - Extraction nozzle and extraction hose - Shuttle sensor (B4.3/E) - Tool holders (5 pieces) - Replacement of UPS - Hold-down brush - Bulb for signal lamp - Hold-down sealing ring, pneumatic cylinder, guide shaft and plain bearing bush, spindle retaining plate - External exhaust hose ULT - Table lift cylinder (?) According to Schunk, material requirements are approx. €16,000. As we are selling the machine as defective/in need of repair and have listed all known deficiencies, the item is sold under exclusion of any warranty or liability for material defects.

Condition: used, Vibratory bowl feeder / Sorting unit / Bowl feeder / Vibratory feeder RNA Vibrating bowl, sorting unit / Screw feeding with vibratory feeder for screwdriving technology Feeding system, feeder unit Manufacturer: RNA Rhein-Nadel Automation GmbH Type: SRC-N 250-2L Serial no.: Year of manufacture: approx. 2000 Njdouzn Nnepfx Afajcr Bowl diameter bottom: 300 mm Bowl diameter top: 350 mm Bowl inner height: approx. 25 mm Sorting track width: approx. 30 mm Overall height (drive + bowl with sorting track): 380 mm Vibration frequency: 100 Hz / 6000 rpm Mains connection: 230 Volt, 50 Hz - The feeder was used for supplying automotive blade fuses Space requirements: Ø x H: 420 x 390 mm Weight of bowl feeder: 52 kg Linear feeder / Vibratory feeder / Sorting unit Manufacturer: RNA Rhein-Nadel Automation GmbH Type: SLL 400-400 Serial no. 00835 Year of manufacture: approx. 2000 Maximum rail length: 700 mm Useful load: approx. 1.5 to 2 kg Vibration frequency: 100 Hz / 6000 rpm Mains connection: 220 Volt, 50 Hz - Oscillating plate L x W x H 400 x 65 x 12 mm - Mounted track length 530 mm - Overall height with oscillating plate 145 mm Space requirements: L x W x H: 580 x 120 x 400 mm Weight of linear feeder: 20 kg Control unit for vibration drives, control device, regulator, controller for vibratory feeders / sorting unit / bowl feeder / vibrating bowl / vibratory conveyor Manufacturer: RNA Rhein-Nadel Automation GmbH Type: ESK-N80 / ESG 90 Mains connection: 0 ... 208 V eff (230VAC motor operation) at 230V mains 0 ... 98 V eff (115VAC motor operation) at 115V mains Output voltage: 0...208 V (eff.) adjustable, (230 V mains) Number of power outputs: 2 Output 1: Bowl feeder, linear feeder max. 10A adjustable Output 2: Bowl feeder, linear feeder max. 6A adjustable Total load current: 16 A eff Sensor inputs: 1 Number of enable inputs: 1 (24V DC) Sensor supply: 24V DC, max. 60 mA Sensor delay ON: 0 ... 8 sec. Sensor delay OFF: 0 ... 8 sec. Power output connection: Hirschmann 7-pin - Two power outputs - Sensor amplifier with independently adjustable time stages (on/off) - Soft start (internally adjustable) - External enable input 24VDC Space requirements: L x W x H: 260 x 190 x 140 mm Weight of controller: 3.6 kg All units tested and in good condition.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2009, Case packer from 1993 refurbished by the manufacturer in 2009. Automatic packing of boxes with cardboard group by rows and by stacking in a cardboard box with closure. Max. production: 20 to 30 cycles / minute Nordson Problue4 glue generator Label removal Delna DS 14 History, documentation and electrical diagrams available. Spare parts available. Product length 50 - 130 mm Product width 47 - 200 mm Product height 15 - 40 mm Nodpfx Afsygnaqoaocr Carton length 70-250 mm Carton width 70-250 mm Carton height 40-120 mm

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1996, Garvens Automation continuous weighing scale 1600-1150-950 RA1975 The automatic checkweigher including conveyor belt and SEW gear motor is designed for products up to a maximum of 60 kg. Manufacturer: Garvens Automation Type: SL 100 ID1 Ncodpfxek Abn So Afajr Year of construction: 1996 Machine type: automatic checkweigher Total size: approx. 1600 x 1150 x 550 mm (WxDxH) Electrical connection (Plug and Play) Nominal voltage: 380V and 220V Nominal frequency: 50Hz / 60Hz (+/-2 %) Weighing technology: Dimensions scale: approx. 600 x 750 x 1500 mm (WxDxH without conveyor belt) Type of measurement: electromagnetic force compensation Weighing range: 0 - 60000 g Conveyor belt 1600-1150-950 and SEW gear motor with frequency converter Conveying length (FL): 1600 mm effective width (NUB): 1150 mm belt width (GB): 950 mm Motor Type: SEW Gearmotor with frequency converter Motor Power: kW 0.55/0.55 Speed: 0,02-1,2 m/s Für eine individuelle, fachmännische Beratung setzten Sie sich einfach mit uns in Verbindung. Kontaktieren Sie uns einfach telefonisch oder per Mail. Wir helfen Ihnen gerne bei der Planung und Umsetzung Ihrer Projekte. Wir freuen uns darauf von Ihnen zu hören. Mit freundlichen Grüßen Ihr Team der Dr. Sonntag GmbH & Co. KG Ihr Spezialist und Ansprechpartner für Intralogistik

Condition: reconditioned (used), Year of construction: 2007, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 2728, year of last overhaul: 2023, Packaging machine for wrapping in heat-shrink film or flow pack packaging. Operation includes automatic product infeed and outfeed. The refurbished machine was purchased in 2023 and has never been used. Ncsdpoyk Ulhofx Afajr

Year of construction: 2012, condition: good (used), Shrink packaging FL5545TB L sealer and shrink tunnel Ncsdpjpm D T Uofx Afaer Serial: 872 2012, L sealer on conveyor, sealing bars 550mm x 450mm, into shrink tunnel, aperture 400mm x 220mm, variable speed conveyor and adjustable temperature controls, mobile, 3Ph

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2015, functionality: fully functional, For sale: Zeroclamp Zerobot 100P automation system, commissioned in 2015. (Perfectly suited for a Haas UMC 750, but also compatible with other machine types.) This automation system allows for either vice handling or raw part handling. Offers completely flexible configuration options. Large workpiece storage for many raw parts (fully customizable). Compact footprint. Features: * Various mounting plates for raw part handling * Raw part gripper * Second rack for increased part capacity * and much more Ncodpfx Afoyk D Dyeasr This solution enables both raw part and clamping device handling. There are numerous possible applications, and we are happy to provide advice.

Condition: good (used), WSM Stationary Screwing Unit Assembly and testing of components for car radios and navigation systems. The assembly station is enclosed in a protective housing. The service doors are equipped with monitoring switches with interlocks. Ncodsibichspfx Afajr The doors are locked during automatic operation and can only be opened during automatic stop or manually after pressing the "Doors" button on the control panel. Automatic operation cannot be started with a door open. Operational Sequence The station is loaded with the pre-assembled component via the transfer belt. The following describes the operation steps of the automatic station with a transfer belt. In normal operation, all three stations operate in parallel. - Positioning the test unit (WT) with the pre-assembled module in station 2.1 - Lowering the carrier with the scanner and vision sensor - Scanning the 3 codes (front panel, front PCB, SD PCB), comparison with the database - Checking the correct locking of the FFC in the connector - Raising the carrier and lowering the test unit onto the conveyor belt - Positioning the test unit (WT) with the pre-assembled module in station 2.2 - Positioning the screwdriver and screwing the front PCB in place - Lowering the test unit (WT) onto the conveyor belt - Positioning the test unit (WT) with the pre-assembled module in station 2.3 - Lowering the light shield and making contacts, adjusting the carrier with the test sensors from below - Type-dependent testing of the SD + CD slot lighting and buttons - Functional test of the CD eject button - Lowering the test unit (WT) onto the conveyor belt > continue If errors occur during testing, they are displayed on the screen. and can be repaired if possible. For this, the system is switched to manual operation and the doors are opened. After the repair and restarting the automatic system, the workpiece carrier is tested again in the station. If a repair is not possible (e.g., due to a screw error), the workpiece carrier is marked as NIO (Not Okay) in the control system and is not processed further. Manual NIO marking and rejection is also possible. Financing through our bank is also available. komplett-konzept.leasingo.de More assembly stations, new and used, can be found in our shop! International shipping costs on request!

Condition: like new (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2026, operating hours: 8 h, machine/vehicle number: BD38NCCOMP, bending angle (max.): 190 °, overall weight: 900 kg, total length: 3,100 mm, total width: 950 mm, total height: 1,500 mm, power: 6 kW (8.16 HP), input voltage: 220 V, type of input current: AC, warranty duration: 12 months, Semi-Automatic Single-Head Hydraulic Pipe Bending Machine BD50NC2A Machine Model: BD38NCCOMP Machine Applications  Transportation Sector For locomotives, automobiles, and bicycles: exhaust manifolds, brake lines, fuel supply conduits, steering mechanisms, air - conditioning ducting systems, seating assemblies, balancing components, bumper structures, window frame assemblies, handlebar components, and frame structures.  Furniture Industry Indoor and outdoor seating and table sets, office furniture including desks and chairs, shelving units, bed frames and associated furniture pieces. Nedpfsya An Nsx Afaocr  Leisure and Recreation Industry Fitness apparatus, infant strollers, utility carts, and amusement ride installations.  HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air - Conditioning) and Appliance Industry Water heating units, electric heating appliances, gas - fired cooktops, refrigeration units, and air - conditioning equipment.  Heavy Industrial Sphere Piping networks for boilers, heat exchanger, power generation plants, chemical processing facilities, diesel engine manufacturing, and shipbuilding operations.  Diverse Other Industries Household consumer goods, rehabilitation - oriented medical devices, sanitary fixtures, the decoration and interior design sector, the construction industry, agricultural machinery and equipment, and the aviation manufacturing and maintenance industry. Specification The largest applicable carbon steel pipe (bending radius ≥ 2d) Φ38×2.0mm (thickness Max. 2.0) The largest applicable stainless steel pipe (bending radius ≥ 2d) Φ38×1.5mm (thickness Max. 1.5) Maximum core length (*) 850mm Critical Parts and Functional Components Maximum bending radius (*) 320mm Maximum bend angle 190° The number of bends that can be set for each pipe fitting (*) 25 bends The number of pipe fitting files can be set 280 sets (extensible) Working speed bending speed Max.90°/s Machine tool bending angle ±0.1°

Condition: like new (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2026, operating hours: 8 h, machine/vehicle number: BD63CNC4A2SP, control type: CNC control, degree of automation: automatic, actuation type: electric, pipe diameter (max.): 63 mm, bending angle (max.): 190 °, overall weight: 1,800 kg, total length: 4,000 mm, total width: 1,000 mm, total height: 1,300 mm, power: 18 kW (24.47 HP), input voltage: 380 V, type of input current: AC, number of digital displays: 1, warranty duration: 12 months, Equipment: emergency stop, foot remote control, Full-Automatic Single-Head CNC Bending Machine with Auxiliary Push Function Machine Model: BD63CNC4A2SP Machine Applications  Transportation Sector For municipal engineering, locomotives, automobiles, and bicycles: exhaust manifolds, brake lines, fuel supply conduits, steering mechanisms, air - conditioning ducting systems, seating assemblies, balancing components, bumper structures, window frame assemblies, handlebar components, and frame structures.  Furniture Industry Indoor and outdoor seating and table sets, office furniture including desks and chairs, shelving units, bed frames and associated furniture pieces.  Leisure and Recreation Industry Fitness apparatus, infant strollers, utility carts, and amusement ride installations. Njdpfxsyaz Ege Afajcr  HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air - Conditioning) and Appliance Industry Water heating units, electric heating appliances, gas - fired cooktops, refrigeration units, and air - conditioning equipment.  Heavy Industrial Sphere Piping networks for boilers, heat exchanger, power generation plants, chemical processing facilities, diesel engine manufacturing, and shipbuilding operations.  Diverse Other Industries Household consumer goods, rehabilitation - oriented medical devices, sanitary fixtures, the decoration and interior design sector, the construction industry, agricultural machinery and equipment, and the aviation manufacturing and maintenance industry. Specification Model: BD63CNC4A2SP The Largest Applicable Carbon Steel, Copper, Aluminum Pipe or Profiles Φ63×2.0MM (THICKNESS MAX. 2.0) OR PROFILES AS PER MOLD DESIGN * The Largest Applicable Stainless Steel or High Alloy Steel Pipe, Profile Etc. Φ55×2.0MM (THICKNESS MAX. 2.0) OR PROFILES AS PER MOLD DESIGN * Maximum Reciprocating Feeding Pipe Φ63MM PROFILE AS PER MOLD DESIGN * Maximum Feeding Stokes (*) 3200MM Maximum Bending Radius (*) 550MM Maximum Bend Angle 190° Maximum Core Pulling Distance 3500MM Equipment Working Height 1300MM Pipe Bending Servo Power 7.0KW Pipe Bending Speed MAX. 150°/S ADJUSTABLE Bending Accuracy ±0.1° Feeding Servo Power 2.0KW Feeding Speed 200-1000MM/S ADJUSTABLE Feeding Accuracy ±0.1MM Rotation Servo Power 1.0KW Rotation Speed 180°/S ADJUSTABLE Rotation Accuracy ±0.1° Hydraulic Motor 7.5KW Hydraulic System Pressure 12 MPA Total Power 18 KW Equipment Size: Length * Width * Height 4000*1000*1300mm Equipment Weight 1800KG

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2026, operating hours: 24 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: WLD-MODEL-SIZE, type of input current: AC, total height: 3,000 mm, total width: 3,000 mm, total length: 2,000 mm, input voltage: 240 V, overall weight: 8,000 kg, feed length X-axis: 2,000 mm, feed length Y-axis: 3,000 mm, feed length Z-axis: 1,000 mm, feed rate X-axis: 2 m/min, feed rate Y-axis: 2 m/min, feed rate Z-axis: 2 m/min, warranty duration: 12 months, type of cooling: water, continuous power: 22 kW (29.91 HP), Weld overlay cladding is an advanced welding process which provides an anti-corrosion or wear resistant surface on a less corrosion or wear-resistant base metals. A prime example involves the deposition of a stainless steel or nickel-based alloy layer onto a carbon steel base material, thus not only giving it corrosion resistance but also lower cost compared to the use of a monolithic stainless steel or nickel alloy components (stainless steel or nickel-based alloy). With our advanced equipment and software, EQ Automation is able to deliver our customers a total weld overlay cladding solution that will give our customers better productivity and lifespan of their equipment. Welding Machine Sets: Robotic Welding, Quality Welding Consumables, Wires, Rods available!! Tig welding/cladding machine, CNC control, automatic control, 5-axis simultaneous movement. Nedpfoyaw Ecjx Afaecr Fronius units, table from 1.5meters up to 3.0meters, vertical & horizontal Pre-Set Programmable, easy operation control panel. Friendly interface. Overlay welding for Balls, Valves, Flange faces, RTJ groove, Bevel etc. One touch, More Welding Solutions, Stocks for sale!!

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2026, operating hours: 8 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: SG202640, total length: 1,500 mm, power: 4 kW (5.44 HP), overall weight: 650 kg, total width: 800 mm, total height: 1,150 mm, input voltage: 380 V, warranty duration: 12 months, Pipe Shrinking, Profile Forming Machine SG40NC Machine Model: SG40NC Ncedpfxsyak Iko Afaer Product Description: Microcomputer-controlled and hydraulically driven. Equipped with a mobile foot switch featuring three functions: automatic operation, emergency stop, and continuous emergency stop, ensuring high safety. Capable of multiple processing methods including tube Forming, tube expanding, tube end blunting, and bulging. Processed shapes include concave-convex joints, elongated, flat, square, flared, angled, V-shaped, open elbow, etc. Molds can be changed according to the user’s processed products. Mold replacement is simple and convenient, facilitating flexible production. The machine has a compact and sturdy structure, uses hydraulic power, operates stably with a high yield rate, minimal vibration, and low noise. It can perform tube end reduction, expansion, bulging, upsetting rib forming, and other shape forming processes. Suitable for processing various shapes at the connecting parts of pipe fittings (for insertion), automotive oil pipes, air ducts, water pipes, and air conditioning pipes. Maximum Tube Forming Capacity mm Ø40×2mm Maximum Tube Forming Length mm 100mm Motor Power kW 4 Weight kg 600

Condition: like new (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2026, operating hours: 8 h, machine/vehicle number: 2026BD25, bending angle (max.): 190 °, overall weight: 1,000 kg, total length: 1,800 mm, total width: 850 mm, total height: 1,230 mm, power: 8 kW (10.88 HP), input voltage: 380 V, type of input current: AC, warranty duration: 12 months, control cabinet height: 1,200 mm, Single - Head Servo CNC Pipe Bending Machine BD25CNC3A1S Machine Model: BD25CNC3A1S Machine Applications  Transportation Sector For locomotives, automobiles, and bicycles: exhaust manifolds, brake lines, fuel supply conduits, steering mechanisms, air - conditioning ducting systems, seating assemblies, balancing components, bumper structures, window frame assemblies, handlebar components, and frame structures.  Furniture Industry Indoor and outdoor seating and table sets, office furniture including desks and chairs, shelving units, bed frames and associated furniture pieces.  Leisure and Recreation Industry Fitness apparatus, infant strollers, utility carts, and amusement ride installations.  HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air - Conditioning) and Appliance Industry Water heating units, electric heating appliances, gas - fired cooktops, refrigeration units, and air - conditioning equipment.  Heavy Industrial Sphere Piping networks for boilers, heat exchanger, power generation plants, chemical processing facilities, diesel engine manufacturing, and shipbuilding operations.  Diverse Other Industries Household consumer goods, rehabilitation - oriented medical devices, sanitary fixtures, the decoration and interior design sector, the construction industry, agricultural machinery and equipment, and the aviation manufacturing and maintenance industry. Maximum Bending Pipe Diameter × Wall Thickness (Normal Steel, Aluminum, Copper etc.) Φ25mm×1.2mm Maximum Bending Radius R150mm Maximum Bending Angle 190° Maximum Feeding Length 1200mm Working Speed: Bending Speed Max. 150°/s Working Speed: Pipe Rotating Speed Max. 200°/s Working Speed: Feeding Speed Max. 1000mm/s Working Precision: Bending Precision ±0.1° Working Precision: Pipe Rotating Precision ±0.1° Ncsdpfx Afjyak E Nsasr Working Precision: Feeding Precision ±0.1mm Data Transmission Mode 1. Coordinates (X.Y.Z) 2. Working Values (Y.B.C) Bending Mode Servo Bending

Condition: good (used), G Webb Automation MiniFill screw feed doser feeding onto weigh platform. Perfect for packing powders, granules, coffee etc into bags. Ncjdpfxjm Sg Hce Afasr

Year of construction: 1997, condition: ready for operation (used), Suitable for testing steel drums for tightness, drum diameter: 574-598mm, max. drum weight: 30kg, drum temperature: 10-50°C, with documentation. Nsdpfom H Uqkjx Afascr

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2001, With documentation, an inspection is possible. Ncsdef Ddrlspfx Afasr

Year of construction: 2021, condition: ready for operation (used), There is one bottle packer A+F Contiflex with an integrated tray erector A+F Multiformer available, max. output: 220 bottles/min, connected load: 14kW, length: 7789mm, width: 1977mm, height: 3284mm, operational hours counter: ca. 600h, with complete documentation, an inspection is possible. Nodpfsm Nckfsx Afascr

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2020, A Labelling Machine E-Packaging S.r.l. for bottling lines, including a printing system, is available. Max. Speed: 20m/min, label length: 500mm, label width: 10-140mm, product height: 30-150mm. The machine was stored and not used, has therefore not been serviced, no known defects, documentation available. An on-site inspection is possible. Nedpfx Afjuxdhnjaecr

Year of construction: 2001, condition: ready for operation (used), Max. weighing range: 1000g, with Weighing Cell Mettler Toledo TF10-L-P, display of weight values, weight classification and automatic sorting of weighed goods. Njdpfx Afetqtw Uoajcr

Year of construction: 2010, condition: ready for operation (used), Offered are 2 fully automatic stand-alone stencil printers for SMD assembly technology, PCB assembly year 2010. Fully automatic vision system, Linux-based operating software, double loading system, motorized table drive, large printing area X/Y 440mm/440mm, frame size X/Y max. 670mm/700mm, PCB thickness max. 6mm, cycle time approx. 18-25 sec., product changeover time < 5 min., squeegee pressure 4-24kg programmable, snap-off/separation speed programmable, compressed air supply 6bar approx. 60l/min., dimensions X/Y/Z 2080mm/1130mm/1450mm, signal tower 2000mm, weight approx. 285kg. Inspection possible by appointment. Nodpfxjxzt Dps Afascr

Year of construction: 2014, condition: ready for operation (used), A complete laser processing and marking system SIC-Marking is available. Stations: 3, table type: vacuum clamping table, processing area per station X/Y: 1000mm/1600mm, laser wavelength: 10600nm/1064nm, processes: evaporation/cleaning/structuring/surface processing, overall system dimensions X/Y/Z: approx. 25000mm/3000mm/3000mm, operating hours: approx. 2000h. Station 1: laser type: Synrad CO2 laser, number of lasers: 6, laser power: 100W, pulse frequency range: 0kHz-100kHz, power density: 250kW/cm², processed materials: polyamide/PVB/PET, processes: melting/evaporation. Station 2: laser type: IPG fiber laser, number of lasers: 6, laser power: 250W, pulse frequency range: 20kHz-500kHz, power density: 250MW/cm², processed materials: copper/aluminum/tin/lead/iron, processes: structuring/melting/evaporation. Station 3: laser type: IPG fiber laser, number of lasers: 3, laser power: 300W, pulse frequency range: 2kHz-200kHz, power density: 3MW/cm², processed materials: copper/aluminum/tin/lead/iron, processes: surface processing. The coating of the F-Theta lenses at station 2 is slightly deformed. Documentation available. An on-site inspection is possible. Ncodpoyfv I Hjfx Afaer

Year of construction: 2011, condition: ready for operation (used), An automated pallet handling system DMG Mori for machining centers is available. Pallet positions: 7, max. workpiece weight: 250kg, max. workpiece diameter: 500mm, max. workpiece height: 400mm, pallet change time: under 40s. Documentation available. An on site inspection is possible. Njdpfx Afjydd Aceajcr

Year of construction: 2018, condition: ready for operation (used), Suitable for the production of 2D/2.5D laminate stacks from thermoset semi-finished products in the "Fiber Placement" process, speed: 60m/min, laying area: 1100x1400mm, with documentation, on-site inspection is possible. Nedporiurfsfx Afaecr

Condition: good (used), Traypacker / wrap arround packer Trays and wrap-around boxes minimum packaging size L x W x H = 190 x 140 x 80 mm maximum packaging size L x W x H = 460 x 350 x 250 mm 4 lane machine Hotmelt machine was rebuild in 2018 siemens s7 plc controlled easy format change Nodpfxsfxypis Afaocr as-is or adjusted to customer needs