Used Fpt Industrie Vertical Machining Center for sale (89,379)

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2005, functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 2,000 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 500 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 550 mm, controller manufacturer: Siemens, spindle speed (max.): 12,000 rpm, TECHNICAL DETAILS Number of axes: 4 Travel in X-axis: 2,000 mm Travel in Y-axis: 500 mm Travel in Z-axis: 550 mm Lhodjzuw Aispfx Apmek C-axis rotation: 360° Control system: Siemens CNC Table length: 2,600 mm Table width: 550 mm Tool holder: ISO 40 Main spindle power: 22 kW Spindle speed max.: 12,000 rpm Positioning accuracy: 0.01 mm Travel speed: 667 mm/s MACHINE DETAILS Control system: Siemens CNC Connected power: 24 kW Dimensions & Weight Dimensions (L x W x H): 7,500 x 3,700 x 2,500 mm Empty weight: 9,600 kg Transport packages: 2 EQUIPMENT Documentation CE marking

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2000, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 06584, travel distance X-axis: 1,020 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 510 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 610 mm, controller model: Hurco Ultimax, spindle speed (max.): 8,000 rpm, TECHNICAL DETAILS Axes: 3 Travel in X-axis: 1,020 mm Travel in Y-axis: 510 mm Travel in Z-axis: 610 mm Spindle speed (max.): 8,000 rpm Motor power: 15 kW Lsdpfjzuw A Nex Apmohk Table length: 1,220 mm Table width: 510 mm MACHINE DETAILS Control system: Hurco Ultimax Drive system: CNC Dimensions & Weight Dimensions (L x W x H): 2,700 x 2,350 x 2,400 mm Weight: 5,000 kg Shipping packages: 1 EQUIPMENT Documentation CE marking

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2018, operating hours: 14,317 h, functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 520 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 360 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 350 mm, controller model: Fanuc i, spindle speed (max.): 12,000 rpm, TECHNICAL DETAILS Travel range, X-axis: 520 mm Travel range, Y-axis: 360 mm Travel range, Z-axis: 350 mm Spindle speed: 12,000 rpm Distance spindle to base plate: min. 150 mm / max. 500 mm Table area: 650 × 375 mm Table load: 2 × 200 kg Tool weight: max. 2.8 kg Tool magazine: 14 positions MACHINE DETAILS Control system: Fanuc i Dimensions & Weight Dimensions (L x W x H): 3,230 × 1,620 × 2,507 mm Machine weight: approx. 5,200 kg Ljdpfezul R Isx Apmshk Operating hours: 14,317 h EQUIPMENT Rigid tapping – thread drilling without compensation chuck Spindle overspeed and power display Telescopic guards on the X, Y, and Z axes Rapid traverse in the X, Y, and Z axes Door safety switch 3-color indicator light Work area lighting Coolant supply from a 200-liter tank via adjustable coolant nozzles at the spindle nose Internal cooling Machine cover, closed on top / Top cover Oil skimmer Pneumatic clamping system A, 1 pair per pallet Automatic work area door with safety strip Coolant system with delivery pressure: 4.5 bar

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2008, operating hours: 10,294 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: P087WH855, travel distance X-axis: 700 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 400 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 300 mm, table load: 300 kg, spindle speed (max.): 10,000 rpm, TECHNICAL DETAILS Travel range X-axis: 700 mm Travel range Y-axis: 400 mm Travel range Z-axis: 330 mm Rapid traverse speed: 54 m/min Spindle speed: 100–10,000 rpm Distance spindle–baseplate: 250–580 mm Main spindle power: 5.5 kW Table area: 650 × 400 mm Table load: 300 kg Tool positions: 21 MACHINE DETAILS Dimensions & Weight Dimensions: 1,565 × 2,027 × 2,336 mm Machine weight: approx. 2,200 kg Operating hours: 10,294 h Ledpszul Tcjfx Apmjhk EQUIPMENT Central oil interval lubrication 100 mm column extension Interior lighting 16 additional I/O Rapid traverse with bell-shaped acceleration and deceleration Manual handwheel feed Directory display from memory card 1,000 storable programs Multilingual display Thermal compensation of the XYZ axes Parameter backup function Retraction cycle for tapping without a compensating chuck MANUAL GUIDE Background editing Extended part program editing Coordinate system selection G92 Workpiece coordinate system G52–G59 48 additional workpiece coordinate systems G54.1 Return to reference point G28 Quick Editor Setup file Production counter Tool correction memory C for D/H code and wear Threading without a compensating chuck M29 Subprogram call M98/M198/M99 Customer macro B G65, G66/G67 Drilling cycle G73, G74, G76, G81, G89/G80 Coordinate system rotation G68/G69 Circular interpolation with R programming AI Contour Control I G05.1 Helical interpolation Skip function G31 Multi-step skip G31 P1–P4 Verification of travel limit before movement Verification of stored travel limit 1 Verification of stored travel limit 2 G22/G23 Customer-specific PMC Real-time customer macro

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2010, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 1539000208A, travel distance X-axis: 1,035 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 560 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 510 mm, controller model: Heidenhain TNC 620, rotational speed (max.): 10,000 rpm, Note: The seller can offer disassembly and loading for an additional charge. TECHNICAL DETAILS Travel range, X-axis: 1,035 mm Travel range, Y-axis: 560 mm Travel range, Z-axis: 510 mm Rapid traverse rate: 25 m/min Lhedeztb Imspfx Apmsk Table size: 1,200 × 560 mm Motor spindle speed: 10,000 rpm AC main drive power: 13/9 kW at 40/100 % duty cycle Tool positions: 20 Tool holder: SK 40 MACHINE DETAILS Control system: Heidenhain TNC 620 Connected load: 17 kVA Rated current: max. 28 A Fuse rating: 35 A Supply voltage: 400 V Supply frequency: 50 Hz Input voltage: 230 V Output voltage: 24 V Weight: 4,100 kg EQUIPMENT Electronic handwheel Chip conveyor with extended coolant tank Coolant air blast switchover Coolant spray gun Heidenhain TS 649 touch probe

Condition: repair required (used), Year of construction: 2005, functionality: not functional, machine/vehicle number: 15125250184, travel distance X-axis: 2,500 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 920 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 820 mm, controller model: Heidenhain iTNC 530, spindle speed (max.): 18,000 rpm, Note: Error in the magnetic linear measuring system of the X-axis TECHNICAL DETAILS Number of axes: 3 Travel range of X-axis: 2,500 mm Travel range of Y-axis: 920 mm Travel range of Z-axis: 820 mm B-axis rotation: 105° Table length: 3,100 mm Table width: 900 mm Table length: 3,100 mm Table width: 900 mm Tool holder: SK40 Max. spindle speed: 18,000 rpm MACHINE DETAILS Control system: Heidenhain iTNC 530 Dimensions & Weight Dimensions (L x W x H): 7,500 x 4,500 x 300 mm Net weight: 22,000 kg Transport packages: 3 EQUIPMENT External cooling Lsdozu Nyaopfx Apmshk Chip conveyor Tool magazine (30 pieces)

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2019, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 1162068, SPECIFICATION Table size 1370mm x 620mm X axis traverse 1016mm Y axis traverse 660mm Z axis traverse 635mm Spindle nose to table 102 – 737mm Spindle BT40 Spindle speeds 0-12,000rpm Spindle motor 22.4kW Rapid feed rate 18m/min Toolchanger capacity 30+ 1 tools Approximate weight 7750Kg MACHINE EQUIPPED WITH: - Haas CNC Control Swarf auger High speed machining Co-ordinate rotation and scaling Ledpfxozr H Tls Apmohk Rigid tapping 5 off BT40 toolholders Filtermist extraction system Programmable coolant nozzle Lighting Guarding

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2022, operating hours: 4,747 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 329760, travel distance X-axis: 1,050 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 530 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 510 mm, This machine can still be inspected while powered on at the factory. It has very few operating hours and is in new condition. The original new price was €180,000. Used CNC vertical machining center, Lhjdpfx Aszvxwkepmok Manufacturer: MAZAK Model: VCN 530 C SmoothG Machine number: 329760 Operating hours: 4747 The tools, fixtures, and vise are not included in the scope of supply. You will find the order confirmation and the machine's specifications in the attachment.

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 1997, functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 3,048 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 813 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 762 mm, spindle speed (max.): 6,000 rpm, TECHNICAL DETAILS Travel ranges Lhjdpfx Ajztq Txopmjk Travel range X-axis: 3,048 mm Travel range Y-axis: 813 mm Travel range Z-axis: 762 mm Main spindle Spindle speed: 6,000 rpm EQUIPMENT Coolant system

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2022, machine/vehicle number: 05/22, functionality: fully functional, input voltage: 400 V, type of input current: three-phase, workpiece length (max.): 3,000 mm, workpiece width (max.): 45 mm, workpiece height (max.): 1,200 mm, number of slots in tool magazine: 12, actuation type: electric, Equipment: CE marking, documentation/manual, CNC MACHINING CENTER TOP PROXIMA – 6 SIDES, AUTOMATIC LOADING, DOWEL INSERTION, AND RETURN For sale: CNC machining center TOP PROXIMA, year 2022, designed for the automatic machining of furniture components and panels. Machine in very good condition, well-maintained, and currently installed in a production facility. It allows for drilling, milling, and automatic dowel/hardware insertion operations, with the possibility of machining the part on up to 6 sides. It features two independent work units, one for the main side and one for the back side, reducing handling and intermediate operations. Automatic loading and buffer stock. The machine incorporates an automatic loader that acts as a production buffer. Parts can be identified using a barcode reader/scanner, associating each part with its machining program. It can also be integrated into an automatic line, receiving parts directly from previous processes. Before machining, it incorporates an automatic system for checking and measuring part height. Main functions: Vertical and horizontal drilling. CNC milling. Machining of up to 6 sides. Front machining unit. Rear machining unit. Automatic tool change. Automatic dowel insertion. Lsdpeztkqdefx Apmshk Dowel insertion on the X-axis. Automatic dowel feeding. The machine has various spindles, electro-spindles, and specific units for drilling, milling, and dowel insertion. Direct output or automatic return Once machined, the part can continue with direct output to the next process or automatically return to the beginning using the conveying system. The return system also incorporates a loader/accumulator, allowing for the storage of machined parts and functioning as an output buffer. The machine can operate independently or be integrated into an automated manufacturing line. Main data: Manufacturer: TOP Model: PROXIMA Year: 2022 Maximum part length: approx. 3,000 mm Processes: drilling, milling, and dowel insertion Machining: up to 6 sides Loading: automatic with storage/buffer Identification: barcode Part control: automatic height measurement Output: direct or automatic return Control: industrial CNC Safety: enclosed installation Condition: Machine in very good overall condition, well-maintained. Operating hours are not available on the control panel. Availability: Availability to be confirmed. The machine is currently installed, and its removal will depend on the implementation of the new production line. Disassembly and loading: Disassembly, loading, and transport are not included. These tasks must be carried out by an external, specialized company at the buyer's expense.

Condition: ready for operation (used), operating hours: 11,525 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 0613, travel distance X-axis: 1,500 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 630 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 610 mm, controller model: Okuma OSP7000M, spindle speed (max.): 5,000 rpm, No minimum price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! TECHNICAL DETAILS Working area Travel in X-axis: 1,500 mm Travel in Y-axis: 630 mm Travel in Z-axis: 610 mm Distance from spindle nose to table surface: 230–840 mm Distance from spindle center to front of column: 730 mm Main spindle Spindle speed range: 10–5,000 rpm Continuously variable speed control Spindle taper: 7/24, No. 50 Tool holder: BT50 Angle: 90° Diameter of front spindle bearing: 100 mm Work table Effective table size: 1,530 × 630 mm Table size: 1,800 × 780 mm Maximum table load capacity: 1,500 kg T-slot width: 18 mm Number of T-slots: 5 T-slot spacing: 125 mm Distance from table surface to bottom edge of machine bed: 830 mm Feeds Rapid traverse X/Y-axis: 15,000 mm/min Rapid traverse Z-axis: 13,000 mm/min Cutting feed X/Y/Z-axis: 1–10,000 mm/min Average continuous cutting feed: 1–2,000 mm/min Tool changer Number of positions in tool magazine: 20 Tools included in the machine MACHINE DETAILS Control model: Okuma OSP7000M Operating hours (as of 12.04.2026) Power-on hours: 59,180 h Operating hours: 16,510 h Machining hours: 11,525 h Dimensions & weight Lhedsztpmdspfx Apmsk Machine dimensions (L × W × H): 4,570 × 4,530 × 3,265 mm Weight: 11 t EQUIPMENT Kitagawa NC rotary table TSR180A Handheld terminal Mac mini IH Oil skimmer Chip conveyor Tools included in the machine Machine manuals Original tolerance reports Parameter backup / Backup of machine parameters

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1989, functionality: fully functional, Controller Heidenhain TNC355 Table size 925 x 380 mm Max. table load 420 kgs X-axis 760 mm Y-axis 410 mm Z-axis 450 mm Spindle taper ISO40 Spindle power 5.5 kW Tool magazine 20-position Max. spindle speed 6000 rpm Power requirement 18 kVA / 380 V / 32 A Weight 3300 kg Dimensions (L x W x H) 3200 x 2600 x 2500 mm Accessories, equipment - Coolant system Lodoy Hu Szspfx Apmshk - Machine mounths

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 1999, Available immediately ex location: CNC Vertical Machining Center EMCO Lodpfxezvwcxj Apmjhk Type VMC 600 Year of manufacture: 1999 Heidenhain TNC 426 D Electronic handwheel Travel X/Y/Z: 1200/410/370 mm SK 40 24-position tool magazine Speeds up to 6,000 rpm 3 vices Weight: 4 t Price: EUR 6,500.-- plus VAT, ex location SK 40

Condition: used, travel distance X-axis: 2,060 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 1,016 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 820 mm, rapid traverse X-axis: 10 m/min, rapid traverse Y-axis: 10 m/min, rapid traverse Z-axis: 10 m/min, feed rate X-axis: 7 m/min, feed rate Y-axis: 7 m/min, feed rate Z-axis: 7 m/min, controller model: MItsubishi MELDAS 520A, table width: 2,100 mm, table length: 1,050 mm, rotational speed (min.): 4,500 rpm, overall weight: 20,000 kg, number of spindles: 20, mount diameter: 50 mm, 4-axis table Ledpfoxb D Ewex Apmjhk

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1995, functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 500 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 400 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 500 mm, rotational speed (max.): 7,500 rpm, Equipment: chip conveyor, Longitudinal travel X: 508 mm Cross travel Y: 400 mm Vertical travel Z: 508 mm CNC type: Haas Ledjxq D Ecspfx Apmjhk Table length: 600 mm Table width: 355 mm Max. table load: 1350 kg Tool magazine: 20 positions Spindle taper: ISO 40 Max. spindle speed: 7500 rpm Spindle motor power: 8.3 kW Dimensions (L x W x H): 2200.0 × 2000.0 × 2300.0 mm Weight: 3190 kg

Condition: good (used), Vertical Machining Center Mazak VTC-20C CNC control: Mazatrol M PLUS Maximum axis travel: X 1660mm, Y 510mm, Z 510mm Work table: 2000mm x 510mm Lodpfx Apsvurd Esmehk Maximum spindle speed: 7000 rpm Spindle taper: ISO40 Tool magazine capacity: 24 tools The machine is in full working order, has undergone thorough service maintenance, and is in very good condition.

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2024, operating hours: 660 h, functionality: fully functional, overall weight: 8,255 kg, HAAS VF-6SS Vertical Machining Center – 2024 Lodpozrhrcofx Apmshk 2024 HAAS VF-6SS Vertical Machining Center in excellent condition, purchased new in 2024 and with very low operating hours. The machine has been used only for a specific production project and remains in outstanding mechanical and cosmetic condition. Equipment HAAS HRT310 Rotary Table (4th Axis) HTS9 Tailstock WIPS – Wireless Intuitive Probing System Through Spindle Coolant (21 bar) Through Tool Air Blast (TAB) High Speed Machining (HSM) 12,000 rpm Direct Drive Spindle 22.4 kW Spindle Motor Haas Next Generation Control Ethernet & USB Automatic Lubrication The machine can be inspected under power in Portugal. Immediately available.

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2011, Tongtai / Topper TMV - 720 A / Fanuc OI-MD Vertical Machining Center Lodpfx Apeztymhemehk - CE marking - Year of manufacture: 2011 - Control: Fanuc Oi-MD - Travel X / Y / Z: 720x480x530mm - Distance spindle nose / table: 100-630mm - Table size: 800x480mm - Max. table load: 500kg - Spindle taper: BT-40 - Spindle speed: 8000 rpm - Spindle motor: 7.5 / 5.5 kW - Rapid traverse X / Y / Z: 48 m/min each - Feed rate: 1-10000 mm/min - Tool changer: 24 positions - Tool change time (T-T): 3 sec - Max. tool weight: 7kg - Max. tool diameter: 80mm - Work light - Coolant system - Chip conveyor - Electronic handwheel Dimensions (LxWxH): 2.8x2.2x2.8 meters / Weight: 4400kg Subject to errors and omissions.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2015, input voltage: 354 V, type of input current: three-phase, Equipment: chip conveyor, We offer this used Haas VF-6SS vertical machining center, year of manufacture 07/2015. The machine is in excellent condition, with no collisions. Serial number: 1124558 On timer: 11205h VF-6SS - Super Speed ​​VOC 64" x 32" x 30" CC6 - Chip Conveyor Screw P-COOL - Programmable Coolant Nozzle PFDM - Power Failure Detection Module RJH-C - Wheel Remote Control with Color LCD RTAP-3 - Direct Tapping WIPS-R - Renishaw's Intuitive Wireless Probing System MACRO - User Defined Macros COORD - Coordinate Rotation and Scaling SOM - Spindle Orientation TSC50T - Through-Spindle Coolant, 300 psi (21 bar) Emulsion Separator Lodpfx Apjy D Epfjmohk If you have any further questions or need more information, please feel free to send us a message or call us.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2000, functionality: fully functional, Equipment: chip conveyor, documentation/manual, For sale is a used SIGMA Zenit 5 vertical CNC machining center with a GE Fanuc Series 18-M CNC control. The machine features a large work area, an automatic tool changer, and an NC rotary table with a chuck mounted on the machine table. This makes it suitable for general milling, drilling, and machining tasks, as well as – if the rotary table is functional – for machining with an additional rotary axis. The machine is currently located at the operating site. An inspection and functional test can be arranged after prior agreement. TECHNICAL DATA Control: GE Fanuc Series 18-M Travel in X-axis: approx. 1,250 mm Travel in Y-axis: approx. 600 mm Travel in Z-axis: approx. 685 mm Table size: approx. 1,400 × 650 mm Maximum table load: approx. 1,400 kg Spindle speed: presumably up to 12,000 rpm Spindle power: presumably up to 25 kW Tool holder: presumably ISO 40 / SK 40 Tool changer: automatic Tool positions: number to be checked Connection: 400 V / 50 Hz / 3-phase Rated current: 55 A Machine weight: approx. 8,000–8,500 kg Dimensions: approx. 4,120 × 3,270 × 3,050 mm EQUIPMENT – GE Fanuc Series 18-M CNC control – Automatic tool changer – NC rotary table with chuck – Spindle cooling unit – Coolant system – Hydraulic unit – Fully enclosed work area – Machine lighting – Control panel with screen and keyboard – Existing documentation and tool holders: scope on request or to be checked CONDITION Used machine with signs of wear and tear consistent with age and use. The work area contains typical soiling from chips and coolant. Lhjdpfxjzucrco Apmok TERMS OF SALE Sale from the current location. Disassembly, loading, and transport will be carried out by agreement and will generally be at the buyer's expense.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2007, functionality: fully functional, Heidenhain iTNC 530, working area X 600 x Y 450 x Z 450 mm, spindle mount CAT40, 24-position automatic tool changer, 20,000 rpm spindle, machine weight 6,100 kg, power connection 16 kW, main fuse 32 A, operating voltage 400 V, 50/60 Hz Ljdpfxjw Hxzmo Apmehk

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2003, operating hours: 3,718 h, functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 1,626 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 813 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 762 mm, rotational speed (min.): 8,000 rpm, number of slots in tool magazine: 30, mount diameter: 40 mm, Equipment: chip conveyor, documentation/manual, HIGH PRESSURE CTS20 BAR 4/5 AXIS TABLE Lodpfsxb D Aisx Apmehk

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2016, Vertical machining center Ljdpfozrm H Sex Apmohk Machine type: DMG Mori Ecomill 1100 V Control: Siemens 840 Dsl -Operate + Shopmill Year: 2016 SPECIFICATIONS Travel X-Axis: 1.100 mm Y-Axis: 560 mm Z-Axis: 510 mm Rapid motion: (X/Y/Z): 36 / 36 / 30 m/min. Spindle speeds: 12.000 rpm Spindle motor: 13 kW Torque: 82 Nm Tool: SK 40 Toolchanger Tool capacity: 24 Table size: 1.400 x 560 mm Max. Table Load: 1.000 kg Equipment Chip conveyor Cooling pumps Caliper Internal cooling: 17 Prod. Pack 1 bar

Year of construction: 2011, condition: ready for operation (used), X-axis: 300mm, y-axis: 620mm, z-axis: 400mm, positioning accuracy: ±0.005 inch, repetition accuracy: 0.005 inch, rapid traverse: 25m/min, feed rate: 10m/min, air pressure: 6kg/cm², air consumption: 400l, pump motor: 30W, delivery rate: 2.2cm³/s, pump pressure: 8kg/cm², tank capacity: 2l, pump electrics: 220V/ 3PH/ 1.2A, max. delivery rate: 130l/min, control: Heidenhain TNC 620, connected load: 15kVA, length: 3000mm, width: 2050mm, height: 3020mm, weight: 3020kg. max. flow rate: 130l/min, control: Heidenhain TNC 620, connected load: 15kVA, length: 2984mm, width: 2050mm, height: 2420mm, weight: 3020kg. Operating hours control: 22,261h, machine: 22,414h, programme: 10,507h, spindle: 7695h. Fully functional, spindle was recently replaced, the built-in oil skimmer in the cooling water tank is not functional. With documentation. On-site inspection is possible. Ljdpfxswc A Rko Apmohk

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1995, functionality: fully functional, Equipment: documentation/manual, CNC-controlled vertical machining center AXA VSC-3-3000-M Year of manufacture: 1995 Control system: Heidenhain TNC 407 Technical data: X-axis travel: 3000 mm Y-axis travel: 420 mm Z-axis travel: 480 mm Table size: approx. 3000 x 500 mm Spindle connection: SK40 Speed range: up to 6000 rpm 22-tool automatic tool changer Lsdpfxsy U Hy To Apmjhk Coolant system Heavy-duty frame construction Special features: Additional angular/universal milling head 4-/5-axis machining possible Flexible machining of complex workpieces Ideal for toolmaking, mechanical engineering and single-part production The machine is in good condition. Inspection under power is possible by arrangement.