Used Arburg Arburg Allrounder 520S 1600-400 for sale (21,784)

Year of construction: 2019, condition: used, For sale: a partial injection molding cell consisting of a hydraulic press, a linear Cartesian robot, and a perimeter safety fence. This system is ideal for those seeking a ready-to-use package for molding and automatically unloading parts. The package includes only the 3 items listed below: Chedpfxjzw H Dbe Albsb 1. HYDRAULIC INJECTION MOLDING MACHINE Brand and Model: ARBURG ALLROUNDER 520 C 2000-675 Year of manufacture: 1998 Clamping force: 2,000 kN (200 tons) Screw diameter: 50 mm Distance between columns: 520 × 520 mm Platen size: approximately 715 × 715 mm Opening stroke: approximately 650 mm Control: SELOGICA Machine weight: approximately 6,500 kg 2. LINEAR CARTESIAN ROBOT Brand and Model: STAR AUTOMATION XW-1000VI 2V Year of manufacture: 2019 Configuration: 3 servo-assisted linear axes (brushless motors), space-saving telescopic vertical arm. Included: Control cabinet, original operating keyboard (remote control) for programming, and manuals. 3. PERIMETER SAFETY FENCE Manufacturer: Star Automation Europe Features: Modular structure with a metal mesh to protect the work area. Access door equipped with safety microswitches and an interlocked electric lock. Included: External control panel for access requests and emergency chain reset.

Year of construction: 2016, condition: ready for operation (used), A fully equipped Arburg injection molding machine including clean air supply Filter Fan Unit and removal robot is available. Clamping force: 1600kN, screw diameter: 45mm, max. cylinder heating: 450°C, total connected load: 85.5kW, machine elevation: 100mm, operating hours: approx. 13361h. Arburg Multilift H: axis: B, Z-axis stroke: 1400mm, conveyor belt length: 2500mm, conveyor belt width: 600mm, deposit height range: 900mm-1300mm, temperature resistance: 160°C. Documentation available. An on-site inspection is possible. Cedjyab Nfspfx Albohb

Year of construction: 2016, condition: ready for operation (used), A fully equipped Arburg injection molding machine including clean air supply Filter Fan Unit and removal robot is available. Clamping force: 1600kN, screw diameter: 45mm, max. cylinder heating: 450°C, total connected load: 85.5kW, machine elevation: 100mm, operating hours: approx. 9171h. Arburg Multilift H: axis: B, Z-axis stroke: 1400mm, conveyor belt length: 2500mm, conveyor belt width: 600mm, deposit height range: 900mm-1300mm, temperature resistance: 160°C. Documentation available. An on-site inspection is possible. Chedeyab I Ujpfx Albsb

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2020, operating hours: 8,555 h, functionality: fully functional, clamping force: 1,500 kN, heating capacity: 19 kW (25.83 HP), pump power: 71 W, power: 53.5 kW (72.74 HP), input frequency: 50 Hz, input voltage: 400 V, input current: 90 A, We are offering this used ARBURG 470 C 1500-400 injection molding machine, manufactured in 2020, from ongoing production. Includes INTEGRALPICKER. Type: 470 C 1500-400 Machine No.: 254634 Year of Manufacture: 05/2020 Operating Voltage: 400 V, 50 Hz Control Voltage: 24 V Rated Current Motor/Heater: 71 / 19 A Total Current: 90 A Total Connected Load: 53.5 kW Pump Operating Hours: 8555 40 mm plasticizing cylinder set (without nozzle) Open nozzle 40 mm with internal thread for screw-in nozzle tips Internal thread up to injection unit 290: M 24 x 1.5 Csdozhar Hspfx Albshb Internal thread from injection unit 400: M 36 x 2 Price: €48,000.00 Available from the end of December 2026. If you have any questions or require further information, please send us a message or call us.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2004, On request and for an additional charge, loading and transport (throughout Europe) can be arranged. Csdpfexirqqex Albohb All prices include VAT. Viewing is possible by appointment. Please contact us—our team will be happy to assist you. Trade-in or exchange is possible! Phone: Mobile: (also via WhatsApp) Web: Machinery Purchase / Sale PURCHASE / SALE OF PRODUCTION & METALWORKING MACHINES AND MORE. Do you need a high-quality yet affordable metalworking machine for your production? Or are you looking to sell yours? For further information or contact options, please visit our website.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2006, ARBURG 320 C 400-170 injection molding machine Chodpfxezw A Ehj Albeb Year of manufacture: 2006 Clamping unit Clamping force: 400 kN (40 tons) Distance between tie bars (H × V): 320 × 320 mm Injection unit Screw diameter: 30 mm Maximum injection volume: 85 cm³ Maximum injection shot weight (PS): 77 g Maximum injection pressure: 2000 bar Maximum screw speed: 400 rpm Nozzle stroke: 250 mm Nozzle clamping force: 40.6 kN Heating power: 9.4 kW Drive and power Pump drive power: 11 kW Total installed power: approx. 20.5 kW Dimensions and weight Machine length: approx. 3.4 m Machine width: approx. 1.4 m Machine height: approx. 2.0 m Machine weight: approx. 2,400 kg Additional information The machine is equipped with a new screw, which is covered by a warranty.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2015, ARBURG A 520 H 1500-170 e² HIDRIVE (25.008 h) (S&P 3794) Manufacture year: 2015 Chedszxrcrepfx Albjb Operating hours: 25,008 Stunden Screw: 25 mm Injection pressure: 2500 bar Stroke volume: 59 cm³ Clamping Force: 150 t Tie bar distance: 520 x 520 mm Mould installation height min.: 250 mm Plate distance max.: 950 mm Dimensions: 4800 x 1700 x 2400 mm Eeight: 6000 kg Connected load: 29 kW Robot interface EM67, Accumulator, Airvale etc... Price: on request contact: Mr. Ralf Schulz

Year of construction: 2005, condition: used, Clamping force: 1500kN, rated current: 133A, connected load: 74kW, an on-site inspection is possible. Csdpfxozybvqj Albehb

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2016, Arburg 270C 400-70 e² with Arburg Multilift Robot / Hybrid Machine Year of manufacture: 2016 Injection Unit: Screw diameter: 22 mm Shot weight: 31 g Injection pressure: 2000 bar Dosage volume: 34 ccm Clamping Unit: Clamping force: 40 t Tie bar spacing: 270x270 mm Platen size: 446x446 mm Ejector: hydraulic Clamping unit: hydraulic Chjdpfxszc Ng Re Albob Control system: SELOGICA - Touchscreen Additional Equipment: Hybrid machine: energy efficient and extremely quiet Euromap 67 Robot interface Air valve x 2 Hydraulic core pull x 1 Injection unit hardened - bimetallic Main machine motor - servo motor with inverter drive - energy saving Proportional valve on injection unit – precise injection Self-sealing nozzle Arburg Multilift Select 6 kg traverse robot Year of manufacture: 05.2016 5-axis robot: 3 axes driven by servo motors (electric); axes B and C Travel paths in axes: X-600, Y-800, Z-1000 Robot with adapter, conveyor belt, and safety enclosure Purchase of robot and conveyor belt available at extra cost Dimensions: Weight: 2210 kg Length/Width/Height: 3.18x1.43x1.98 m All machines offered are started up by our service engineers before sale. It is possible to receive a video of the technical tests of the selected machine or to participate in live technical tests at our company in Łódź. Price: On request

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1998, functionality: fully functional, clamping force: 500 kN, mold height (min.): 225 mm, ejector force: 300 N, overall weight: 2,450 kg, input voltage: 380 V, Equipment: documentation/manual, ARBURG 320 S in excellent condition, low operating hours, and with a Piovan dryer. Year of manufacture: 1998. Piovan dryer, model TDM604. Chodpfx Aszxg Amolbjb Year of manufacture: 2005. Includes documentation. The machine is powered on for inspection.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2008, Ref. no.: 18643 Manufacturer: ARBURG Type: 470 C 1500-400 Golden Editions Year of construction: 2008 Clamping unit Clamping force: 150 ton Opening stroke: 500 mm Distance between tie bars: 470 x 470 mm Mould height min.: 250 mm Opening width: 750 mm Injection unit Screw diameter: 35 mm Injection volume: 154 cm³ Shot weight: 141 g Chedpfx Alexvy Rlebeb Injection pressure: 2500 bar Measurements and weight Dimensions: 4,6 x 1,6 x 2,1 m Machine weight: 4850 kg Additional information & extras Core pull: 1 pcs Further information: Communication card for ProSeS interface is available (OPC-UA). Robot interface is available (EUROMAP 67). he Golden Edition is a special version of the well-established ALLROUNDER C series, known for its optimized hydraulic performance, stable production process, and high reliability. The machine has a clamping force of 150 tons and is ideally suited for the production of technical plastic parts as well as applications requiring high quality standards. Key advantages of this series include: * Robust and durable construction * High process stability and repeatability * Reliable ARBURG control system * Good availability of spare parts * Suitable for continuous industrial operation The Golden Edition version also stands out with its enhanced performance and excellent price-performance ratio in the used machinery market. Thanks to its versatility, this machine is widely used in industries such as automotive supply, technical plastic parts, and serial production.

Condition: used, Injection molding machine ARBURG, Type Allrounder 320 C 600-100 Serial No. 189356, Year of manufacture 09/2002 Clamping force 60 tons Screw diameter 25 mm Dosing volume max. 49 cm3 Injection pressure max. 1570 bar Opening stroke - platen stroke max. 350 mm Platen dimensions 446 x 446 mm Tie bar spacing 320 x 320 mm Mold height min.: 200 mm Platen spacing min.: 200 mm Platen spacing max.: 550 mm Centering of fixed and moving platens 125 mm Heater power 4.9 kW Motor power hydraulic pump 15 kW Mains connection 400 Volt, 50 Hz, 19.9 kW - Machine control SELOGICA - Two controllable hydraulic circuits for core pullers - Injection unit with COLORTRONIC material hopper for automated granule feed - U-version interface Cedpfx Aozqglrolbohb - HHG interface - Control ARBURG MULTRONICA with foil keypad and integrated display - 88790 operating hours recorded (power-on hours) - 44925 operating hours of the hydraulic pump (hydraulic on) - Control cabinet fixed to the machine - Work area protective doors at the front and rear, manually sliding with safety switches - Mobile control panel with function keys, mounted on the back of the machine Space requirement L x W 3650 x 1700 mm Height with material hopper 2200 mm Weight 3000 kg Good condition

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1999, operating hours: 95,239 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 173937, clamping force: 2,000 kN, screw diameter: 55 mm, clearance between the columns: 520 mm, mold height (min.): 250 mm, total length: 5,100 mm, total width: 1,800 mm, total height: 2,200 mm, overall weight: 6,630 kg, Equipment: documentation/manual, The machine ran perfectly until the last day before the new machine was delivered to us. The machine is therefore in good used condition. Due to a lack of space in the injection molding shop, the machine is being sold and is no longer powered. The pump / injection unit / clamping unit are sealed. Codpev D Nxlsfx Albshb The machine manual is available Videos of the machine are available Pump operating hours: 95239 Automatic operating hours: 86082 Repairs from recent years: Filter replaced annually 05/2024 Fan in the control cabinet replaced 07/2023 New valve for Y201 and Y210 nozzle forward/backward 02/2023 New keypad installed. Field with motor and heater 12/2022 Ejector sealed. Injection unit sealed including new piston

Condition: used, Injection molding machine ARBURG, type Allrounder 221 M 350-75 Serial No. 163646, Year of manufacture 1995 Clamping force 35 tons (350 kN) Screw diameter, presumably Ø 25 mm Platen size 342 x 250 mm Mold size, max. 221 mm Mold mounting height 150 to 300 mm Column spacing 221 mm (center distance) Chedpfxszx Etwo Albob Opening stroke - platen stroke, max. 200 mm Ejector stroke 60 mm Ejector force 27 kN Hydraulic oil tank capacity 120 liters (delivery without oil) Heating capacity 4 kW Motor power, hydraulic pump 7.5 kW Power supply 400 volts, 50 Hz, 12 kW - ARBURG MULTRONICA control system with foil keyboard and screen - Stainless steel granulate hopper, 50 liters, on the injection unit - Adjacent control cabinet Space requirement without transport pallet, L x W x H 2750 x 1350 x 1850 mm Transport dimensions on pallet, L x W x H 2750 x 1700 x 1900 mm Weight approx. 1300 kg Good condition

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2005, operating hours: 63,000 h, functionality: fully functional, clamping force: 400 kN, screw diameter: 25 mm, For sale is an injection molding machine of the brand Arburg and the type 270S 400-60 The machine is fully functional and ready for immediate use Technical data Year of construction: 2005 Operating hours: 63,000 h Cylinder: Ø 25 Clamping force: 400 kN Core pull: 1*Hydraulic Internal pressure transducer Chsdpfou Hqh Rox Albob On request, transportation and loading can be organized at an extra charge. can be organized throughout Europe. Prices plus VAT Viewing possible by appointment. Contact us, our team will be happy to help you. Trade-in or exchange possible! Machines purchase / sale PURCHASE / SALE OF PRODUCTION & METALWORKING MACHINES AND MUCH MORE. Do you need a high-quality but inexpensive metalworking machine for your production? Or do you want to sell yours? For further information or contact options, please visit our website

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2012, Arburg 820S 4000-2100/400 / Production line with the robot Sepro Industrial Robot SR S5-35 S3 Trans / Operating hours: 42,014 h in automatic mode Year of manufacture: 09.2012 Injection unit: Screw diameter: 60 mm Injection weight: 723 g Injection pressure: 2500 bar Dosing volume: 792 cc Clamping unit: Clamping force: 400 t Bar spacing: 820x820 mm Size of the clamping plates: 1171x1171 mm Ejector: hydraulic Clamping unit: hydraulic Control: SELOGICA - touchscreen Additional equipment: 2K injection molding machine with rotary table and robot Very good technical condition Operating hours: 42,014 h in Automatic operation Euromap 67 Robot interface Air valve x 6 Hydraulic, needle core pull, controlled by a proportional valve x 4 pairs Control with hot runners x 24 Reinforced injection units - bimetal Proportional valve on the vertical injection unit - precise injection Machine with six cylinders / batteries with compressed nitrogen (additional charge for fast work) Parallel movements Automatic tool height adjustment Screw diameter in the vertical injection unit: ⌀40 mm - 184 g/PS The built-in system for controlling the print quality from the Sensor Kistler brand - measuring the tool pressure Original Weber rotary table: very precise, electrically driven by a servo motor controlled by an inverter Rotary table diameter: 1200 mm Purchase of the rotary table at an additional cost Robot Sepro Industrial Robot SR S5-35 S3 Trans Year of manufacture: 2012 3-axis robot: 3 axes are driven by servo motors (electric): X, Y, Z (telescopic) Travel paths in axes approx.: X-5000, Y-1400, Z-2000 Automatic axis lubrication Touch control panel The robot safety package Robot with adapter and protective housing Purchase of the robot for an additional charge Dimensions: Weight: 21000 kg Length/width/height: 8.00x2.32x4.21 m All machines offered are started by our service technicians before sale. Chjdezc N U Ispfx Albsb It is possible to receive a video of the technical tests of the selected machine or to take part in live technical tests in our company in Łódź. Price: On request

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2022, functionality: fully functional, clamping force: 1,000 kN, GERMANY ARBURG ALLROUNDER 420 C Machine Model: ARBURG ALLROUNDER 420 C GOLDEN EDITION Tie Bar Distance: 420 × 420 mm Clamping Force: 1000 kN Injection Unit (EUROMAP): 290 Opening Force: 250 kN Maximum Opening Stroke: 500 mm Platen Opening: 750 mm Mould Mounting Platens: 570 × 570 mm Ejector Force: 40 kN Chedpoy Awqfjfx Albeb Ejector Stroke: 175 mm Material Throughput (PS): 20.5 – 24.5 kg/h Material Throughput (PA6.6): 10.5 – 12.5 kg/h Holding Pressure: 2500 / 2000 / 1530 bar Nozzle Contact Force: 60 kN Nozzle Retraction Stroke: 240 mm Machine Net Weight: 3650 kg

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2009, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 211886, Plastic Injection Moulding Machine | Arburg Allrounder 630 S 2500-170 Clamping force [kN]: 2,500 Number of components: 3 Clamping platen width [mm]: 900 Clamping platen height [mm]: 900 Clear tie bar spacing horizontal [mm]: 630 Clear tie bar spacing vertical [mm]: 630 Centre ring diameter [mm]: 160 Min. mould height [mm]: 400 Max. mould height [mm]: 700 Maximum opening stroke [mm]: 600 Maximum ejector stroke [mm]: 225 Thread [M]: 24 Multi turntable type: Rotary table Rotary table diameter [mm]: 900 Rotary table thread [M]: 20 Max. mould weight [kg]: 2,500 Max. mould weight, moving side [kg]: 2,500 Screw diameter [mm]: EE1:30, EE2:25, EE3:25 Max. shot weight [g] PS: EE1:83, EE2:59, EE3:58 Aggregate configuration: EE1: horizontal, EE2: vertical, EE3: L-position Equipment: 2-core pull, robot Inspection possible at any time by appointment. Free loaded on truck (Butzbach). Chsdoyf Ha Hspfx Albeb #Tags: ARBURG | Multi 3K | 630S

Year of construction: 2010, condition: ready for operation (used), Three similar Arburg injection molding machines are available. 1) Arburg ALLROUNDER 570 A 2000-800, year of manufacture: 2010, clamping force: 2000kN, distance between tie bars: 570mm/570mm, pressure: 575bar, control system: Selogica direct 4.090, operating hours: 91917h, weight: approx. 9800kg. 2) Arburg ALLROUNDER 570 A 2000-800, year of manufacture: 2011, clamping force: 2000kN, distance between tie bars: 570mm/570mm, pressure: 575bar, control system: Selogica direct 4.090, operating hours: 82736h, weight: approx. 9800kg. 3) Arburg ALLROUNDER 570 A 2000-800, year of manufacture: 2011, clamping force: 2000kN, distance between tie bars: 570mm/570mm, pressure: 575bar, control system: Selogica direct 4.090, operating hours: 90722h, weight: approx. 9800kg. Documentation available. An on-site inspection is possible. Chsdjznx Hiepfx Albjb

Condition: excellent (used), Two ARBURG ALLROUNDER 270 S injection molding machines from a cleanroom production environment. In excellent condition! Price for both machines: only €14,000. Codpfxszrvhls Albjhb

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2008, screw size 18 mm closing pressure 250 kN opening stroke max. 350 mm mould space 200 mm control Selogica Number of working hours 52.492 h Cedpfxjywzv Ij Albshb weight 2030 kg ARBURG ALLROUNDER 270 S 250-70 – Injection Molding Machine – Year ofManufacture: 2008 – Excellent Condition Interface for robot systems in accordance with EUROMAP 67 available A reliable and proven ARBURG ALLROUNDER 270 S 250-70 injection molding machine, manufactured in 2008, is for sale. The machine is ideal for producing precise plastic parts in small to medium-volume production runs and impresses with its robust construction and the renowned ARBURG quality “Made in Germany.” Technical Highlights: - Clamping force: 250 kN - Injection unit: Size 70 - Screw diameter: approx. 18–25 mm - Injection pressure: up to approx. 2,500 bar - Column spacing: approx. 270 x 270 mm - Platen size: approx. 380 x 380 mm - Connected load: 53 kW Electrical specifications: - Operating voltage: 400 V / 50 Hz - Control voltage: 230 V / 24 V - Total current consumption: 89 A Additional information: - Year of manufacture: 2008 - Manufacturer: ARBURG (Germany) - Machine is robust, durable, and easy to maintain - Ideal for technical plastic parts and precision applications Advantages: - Proven SELOGICA control system (standard for this series) - Compact design - High process reliability - Long-term availability of spare parts guaranteed Viewing available by appointment. Additional information, photos, or videos available upon request. - Operating hours: 52,492 hours, 7,085,048 cycles - Centring ring mounts: ø125 mm - Blowing unit fitted

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2017, operating hours: 14,500 h, functionality: fully functional, 1,0 St. gebr. Zweikomponenten Spritzgießmaschine mit Roboter und Drehteller Hersteller: ARBURG Typ: 470S1100-400/290 Baujahr: 2017 Schließkraft: 110 Tonnen Holmabstand 420 x 420 mm Einbauhöhe min. /max.: 450 mm Öffnungsweg: 950 mm Schnecken DN 1: 35 mm Max. Hubvolumen: 154 cm³ Spritzteilgewicht: 141 g/PS Schnecken DN 2: 30 mm Hubvolumen: 106 cm³ Spritzteilgewicht: 97 g/PS Steuerung: SELGOCIA Ausstattung: Chodpfju E E Sujx Albsb 3 x Kernzüge Vertikale Spritzeinheit Drehteller 6 - ACHS Roboter, Hersteller: KUKA, Typ: KR 16 Wikut, Baujahr: 2010 Förderband Schutzzaun

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2023, INJECTION MOLDING MACHINE Arburg ALLROUNDER 1300 T 1000 – 170 Year of manufacture: 2023 Technical Specifications Clamping Unit: Clamping force: 1000 kN – ensures high process stability Rotary table diameter: 1300 mm – optimizes production cycle Usable mold mounting area: 800 × 590 mm Minimum mold height: 300 mm Maximum daylight between platens: 585 mm Injection Unit (3 interchangeable cylinders): Cylinder Ø 30 mm: 83 cm³ at 2200 bar Cylinder Ø 40 mm: 140 cm³ at 1250 bar Cylinder Ø 20 mm: 36 cm³ at 2500 bar Additional equipment: - 2 hydraulic cores – for operating complex molds - 2 pneumatic valves – for additional mold functionalities - GK control – enables direct control of 3 heating zones from the machine - SELOGICA DIRECT control system – precise process control, capability for custom sequence programming Year of manufacture: 08/2023 Pump operating hours: 1062 h Detailed Description The machine is fitted with a hydraulic system featuring two energy-efficient variable displacement pumps and a servo valve for precise pressure and movement control. The hydraulic power unit is mounted outside the injection molding machine’s frame, significantly reducing operational noise. Thanks to precision filters and low oil volume, the oil change interval is extended to 20,000 hours. T2 servo-regulation technology includes: - Two adjustable variable delivery pumps - Programmable, adjustable, and stabilized clamping force - Programmable and manually adjustable nozzle contact force Chjdjxzklqepfx Albob - Capability for simultaneous (parallel) movements (nozzle, ejector, cores) The machine is also equipped with: - Additional continuous oil filtration and cooling system (bypass circuit) - AES system – automatic optimization of main drive operation, reducing energy consumption by smoothly adjusting pump speed according to machine load (for 15–75 kW motors, 380–480V, 50–60 Hz). Required option: 525/02 – adjustable machine cooling circuits Tool plates are equipped with a central injection position and a Ø 125 mm centering hole.

Condition: excellent (used), Manufacturer: ARBURG Type: Allrounder 375 V 500-170 Control system: Selogica-direkt Year of manufacture: 2013 Operating hours: 36163 h Technical data, clamping unit Clamping force: 500 kN Minimum mold height: 200 mm Maximum mold height: 550 mm Maximum mold thickness: 302 mm Opening stroke: 225 mm Rotating platen diameter: 900 mm Ejector force: 70 kN Centering of moving platen diameter: 125 mm Mold weight: 230 kg Technical data, injection unit Screw diameter: 25 mm Injection volume: 59 cm³ Injection pressure: 2500 bar Screw length: 24 l/d Screw speed: 35 rpm Screw torque: 210 Nm Number of heating zones: 5 Dimensions & Weight Machine dimensions L x W x H: 3m x 1.6m x 3.48m Total weight: 3540 kg Equipment • Screen text in German • Rotating platen Chsdpszyn Exofx Albob • Hydraulic core pull (1x) • Machine with water manifold • Machine without material hopper • Leveling elements • EUROMAP 67 handling interface • EUROMAP 73 interface • Interface for ejector plate locking

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2005, 1 hydraulic injection molding machine, ARBURG ALLROUNDER SELECTA 270S Self-dismantling capability Color: as shown in the pictures, matching the images and inspection Cjdpfx Ajzqcl Iolbshb Year of manufacture: 2005 Machine number: 198190 Dimensions L/W/H: 350x110x200cm Condition: used