Used Kögel Open Trailer for sale (22,389)

Condition: used, empty load weight: 3,900 kg, maximum load weight: 8,000 kg, overall weight: 11,900 kg, axle configuration: 2 axles, first registration: 05/2022, loading space length: 7,300 mm, loading space width: 2,480 mm, loading space height: 2,600 mm, loading space volume: 47 m³, suspension: air, tire size: 245/70R17,5 143J, wheelbase: 990 mm, color: other, gearing type: other, front tire size: 245/70R17,5 143J, rear tire size: 245/70R17,5 143J, driver cabin: other, emission class: none, Equipment: ABS, compressed air brake, At the front, it has portal doors for drive-through loading, at the rear, it also has portal doors, a 27 mm screen-printed floor, 5 rows of aluminum V-stringers, 7 pairs of lashing eyes on the loading platform, an outer frame with lashing holes, a loading height of approximately 1,050 mm, contour marking according to ECE R 048, and at the front, 2 geared winch supports with 2 gears. BPW axles. Bdjdjz H Iudjpfx Amroh -- Subject to printing errors, errors and changes, sample images --. More data can be found at: ! More Details: !

Condition: used, empty load weight: 3,750 kg, maximum load weight: 6,750 kg, overall weight: 10,500 kg, axle configuration: 2 axles, first registration: 01/2018, loading space length: 7,300 mm, loading space width: 2,480 mm, loading space height: 2,650 mm, loading space volume: 47 m³, suspension: air, tire size: 235 / 75 R 17,5, color: other, gearing type: other, front tire size: 235 / 75 R 17,5, rear tire size: 235 / 75 R 17,5, driver cabin: other, emission class: none, fuel: biodiesel, Equipment: ABS, compressed air brake, Front with portal doors for through-loading, rear with portal doors, 7 pairs of lashing rings on the loading area, loading height approx. 1,050 mm, front with 2 gearbox support winches with 2 speeds, BPW axles. -- Subject to misprints, errors and changes, sample pictures --. More data at: !, More Details: ! Bsdpfx Amjz H Inqorodh

Condition: used, empty load weight: 3,700 kg, maximum load weight: 6,300 kg, overall weight: 10,000 kg, axle configuration: 2 axles, first registration: 07/2016, loading space length: 7,300 mm, loading space width: 2,480 mm, loading space height: 2,700 mm, loading space volume: 48 m³, suspension: air, tire size: 235/75R17,5 143J, color: other, gearing type: other, front tire size: 235/75R17,5 143J, rear tire size: 235/75R17,5 143J, driver cabin: other, emission class: none, Equipment: ABS, compressed air brake, Lashing eyes, , --  Misprints, errors and changes reserved, Sample images --, More details at: !, More details: ! Bedpfxez H T Uvo Amrjdh

Condition: used, first registration: 07/2010, Vehicle number: 263373 ---- ---- Subject to prior sale and errors. The vehicle description serves only for the general identification of the vehicle and does not constitute a guarantee in the legal sense of purchase. You will receive detailed information on the exact scope of equipment from our Bedpfxoz H Hcao Amrjdh

Condition: used, empty load weight: 3,690 kg, maximum load weight: 9,810 kg, overall weight: 13,500 kg, axle configuration: 2 axles, first registration: 09/2019, loading space length: 7,300 mm, loading space width: 2,480 mm, loading space height: 2,700 mm, loading space volume: 48 m³, suspension: air, tire size: 285/70R19,5 148J, color: other, gearing type: other, front tire size: 285/70R19,5 148J, rear tire size: 285/70R19,5 148J, driver cabin: other, emission class: none, Equipment: ABS, compressed air brake, Lashing rings, , --  Misprints, errors and changes reserved, Sample pictures --, More details at: !, More details: ! Bsdpsz H T Tfsfx Amrsdh

Condition: used, maximum load weight: 32,710 kg, overall weight: 39,000 kg, axle configuration: 3 axles, first registration: 11/2019, next inspection (TÜV): 05/2027, total length: 25,500 mm, total width: 40,000 mm, Year of construction: 2019, Equipment: ABS, * Advertisement/Vehicle No.: MTG05A * Office: * WhatsApp: * Mobile: Bdedpfxozir Rqo Amrjh * E-Mail: * Website: We offer rental of various trucks, semi-trailer trucks, and trailers for short-term or long-term rental. 7.5-ton trucks are available starting from €699.00, and 18-ton trucks from €1,000.00 per month, with short-term availability! Please contact us. Vehicle description: 1x Kögel flatbed with tarpaulin, year of manufacture: 19, Kögel axles, Edscha, portal doors, aluminum boards, tires 385/65 R 19.5, TÜV valid until 05-27, multiple units available. ???? Special offer???? Acquire a complete truck and trailer combination with a semi-trailer truck at a "special price on request" > contact us directly! Net price - trade-ins possible - Rental/Financing/Leasing brokerage - Subject to changes, prior sale, typographical errors, and mistakes! We only deal with well-maintained German vehicles. Our services: all customs and export documents, Euro 1 * Short-term registration / 5 days * Customs registration / 30 days * Vehicle delivery * Vehicle collection * Main inspection and safety check Our contact information and opening hours: Office: * WhatsApp: * Mobile: * E-Mail: * Website: * Monday - Friday: 09:00 - 18:00 * Saturday: by appointment

Condition: used, empty load weight: 3,900 kg, maximum load weight: 6,100 kg, overall weight: 10,000 kg, axle configuration: 2 axles, first registration: 04/2018, loading space length: 7,300 mm, loading space width: 2,490 mm, loading space height: 2,600 mm, loading space volume: 47 m³, suspension: air, tire size: 235/75R17,5 143J, wheelbase: 990 mm, color: other, gearing type: other, front tire size: 235/75R17,5 143J, rear tire size: 235/75R17,5 143J, driver cabin: other, emission class: none, Equipment: ABS, compressed air brake, Front with portal doors for through-loading, rear with portal doors, 27 mm screen-printed floor, 14 x lashing eyes on the loading area, loading height approx. 1,050 mm, contour marking according to ECE R 048 regulation, front with 2 gear support winches with 2 gears, BPW axles, , -- Misprints, errors and omissions excepted, sample pictures --, More data under: !, More Details: ! Bodpfx Amoz H T Najrsdh

Condition: used, axle configuration: 2 axles, first registration: 05/1999, wheelbase: 730 mm, Year of construction: 1999, Unladen weight: 420 kg Payload: 1,580 kg Bodozvczaopfx Amredh Gross vehicle weight: 2,000 kg Damage: none Registration number: WV-35-ST

Condition: good (used), axle configuration: 2 axles, first registration: 01/2015, loading space length: 7,900 mm, loading space width: 2,550 mm, loading space height: 900 mm, total width: 2,550 mm, color: other, Year of construction: 2015, Rear axle 1: Lift axle Empty weight: 4.350 kg Carrying capacity: 15.650 kg GVW: 20.000 kg Technical condition: good Visual appearance: good Registration number: 27-WL-PF = Dealer information = We do not charge delivery costs. All trade-ins and financing are possible. Although we take great care in preparing our advertisements, it is possible that some of the options described may or may not be present on the car. Please check before purchasing that all the options described that are important to you are actually present. We are RDW certified. You can opt for an extended warranty; see our website for the packages. All our cars have a clear maintenance history and mileage registration. Our opening hours are: Monday to Friday from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. and evenings by appointment. Saturday from 9:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. You can find us at: Middelingenseweg 22 5321 JH Hedel Bedszucgyepfx Amrodh The Netherlands And reach us at: Trucks: Passenger cars: Website: Email:

Condition: used, empty load weight: 4,060 kg, maximum load weight: 6,440 kg, overall weight: 10,500 kg, axle configuration: 1 axle, first registration: 01/2018, loading space length: 7,450 mm, loading space width: 2,470 mm, loading space height: 3,100 mm, loading space volume: 57 m³, suspension: air, tire size: 235/75R17,5, color: other, gearing type: other, front tire size: 235/75R17,5, rear tire size: 235/75R17,5, driver cabin: other, emission class: none, Equipment: ABS, compressed air brake, , -- Misprints, errors and omissions excepted, sample pictures --, More details under: !, More Details: ! Bsdpjz E E Ifjfx Amredh

Condition: used, empty load weight: 5,300 kg, maximum load weight: 12,700 kg, overall weight: 18,000 kg, axle configuration: 2 axles, first registration: 05/2010, loading space length: 7,300 mm, loading space width: 2,480 mm, loading space height: 2,900 mm, loading space volume: 52 m³, suspension: air, tire size: 235/75R17,5 ---/141J, color: other, gearing type: other, front tire size: 235/75R17,5 ---/141J, rear tire size: 235/75R17,5 ---/141J, driver cabin: other, emission class: none, Equipment: ABS, compressed air brake, Lashing eyes, , --  Misprints, errors and changes reserved, Sample images --, More details at: !, More details: ! Bdjdpez Hvfdofx Amrsh

Condition: new, empty load weight: 3,750 kg, maximum load weight: 6,750 kg, overall weight: 10,500 kg, axle configuration: 2 axles, loading space length: 7,230 mm, loading space width: 2,480 mm, loading space height: 2,630 mm, loading space volume: 47 m³, suspension: air, tire size: 245 / 70 R 17,5, wheelbase: 990 mm, color: other, gearing type: other, front tire size: 245 / 70 R 17,5, rear tire size: 245 / 70 R 17,5, driver cabin: other, emission class: none, fuel: biodiesel, Equipment: ABS, compressed air brake, Front with portal doors for through-loading, rear also with portal doors, 27 mm phenolic plywood floor, 5 rows of aluminum V-slats, 7 pairs of lashing eyes on the loading surface, outer frame with lashing holes, loading height approx. 1,050 mm, contour marking according to ECE R 048 regulation, front with 2 gearbox support winches with 2 speeds, BPW axles, rental price from €680 per month. -- Subject to printing errors, mistakes and changes, sample images – More data at: !, More Details: ! Bdjdpsz H Iphefx Amrjh

Condition: excellent (used), axle configuration: 3 axles, first registration: 06/2020, loading space length: 13,660 mm, loading space width: 2,480 mm, loading space height: 2,980 mm, color: other, Year of construction: 2020, Empty weight: 6.930 kg Carrying capacity: 32.070 kg GVW: 39.000 kg Technical condition: very good Visual appearance: very good Registration number: QAKS747 = Dealer information = Do you have any questions or suggestions? Please feel free to contact us. We guarantee a response within 8 hours. Prices do not include VAT. No rights may be derived from the information provided. Office phone number: Mobile: Dutch - English - German - French - Spanish - Italian) Available via WhatsApp and Viber. Mobile: Available via WhatsApp and Viber. When paying by bank transfer, the funds must be transferred to our bank account listed below. Always verify the payment details on our website. Please contact us if you have received different information. If in doubt, please call us so we can verify the invoice and/or payment. Bank details: Bodez D Iviepfx Amredh Bank name: ING Bank address: Bijlmerdreef 106 1102 CT Amsterdam IBAN number: NL97INGB0117176699 EORI/VAT/TAX: NL810574901B(01) BIC/SWIFT: INGBNL2A

Condition: used, maximum load weight: 13,560 kg, overall weight: 18,000 kg, axle configuration: 2 axles, first registration: 11/2008, loading space length: 7,250 mm, loading space width: 2,500 mm, Year of construction: 2008, Stock no. 5876 Wilken tandem trailer with approx. 7.25m platform ----* Manufacturer: Wilken * Type: ZA 18 * First registration: 12/2008 * Gross vehicle weight: 18,000 kg * Unladen weight according to vehicle registration document: 4,440 kg * Payload: 13,560 kg * Axles: 2 x SAF / disc brakes * Suspension: Air suspension * Tires: 385/55 R 22.5, approx. 50% tread on steel rims * EBS * Color: Green * Platform dimensions: approx. 7.25m long x 2.50m wide * Drawbar with 50mm eye * Front support for full load * Rear support legs * 14 pairs of lashing points in the frame * Tool box on the front left Bjdpfx Amsz Em Tisredh * Approx. 2.30m open front wall * Socketed side rails * 7 pairs of side and 4 pairs of floor-mounted attachments for socketed side rails German trailer!! German documents!! Note on possible errors in the advertisement: Despite careful preparation of the advertisement, occasional errors may have crept into the text or the information provided. We assume no liability for errors, changes, or interim sales. All information is provided without guarantee. Please contact us to verify details or clarify any further questions.

Condition: used, empty load weight: 3,900 kg, maximum load weight: 14,100 kg, overall weight: 18,000 kg, axle configuration: 2 axles, first registration: 07/2002, loading space length: 6,800 mm, loading space width: 2,480 mm, loading space height: 1,000 mm, loading space volume: 16 m³, total length: 6,800 mm, suspension: air, tire size: 385/65 22,5, tire condition: 70 %, color: red, Year of construction: 2002, front tire size: 385/65 22,5, rear tire size: 385/65 22,5, driver cabin: day cab, emission class: none, Equipment: ABS, truck registration, Vehicle number for inquiries: 41607 Koegel, ANBS * Year of construction: 2002 * ABS, Anti-lock Braking System * Air suspension * Retractable lashing points * Duomatic air connection * 15-pole connection plug * Suspension: Air * Total weight: 18,000 kg * Unladen weight: 3,900 kg * Payload: 14,100 kg * Permissible total weight: 18,000 kg * Axle manufacturer: BPW * Tire condition 1st axle: 70% – 70% - Tire size: 385/65 R22.5 * Tire condition 2nd axle: 70% – 70% - Tire size: 385/65 R22.5 * Tire sizes: 385/65 R22.5 * Internal dimensions: L=6800 mm, W=2480 mm, H=1000 mm * Internal volume*: 17 m² * Pallet spaces: 17 Disclaimer: Subject to changes, prior sale, and errors. You can find more pictures and videos on our website. Bdjdpfeznh Hlox Amrsh Our extensive service includes, for example: * Purchase / sale / rental of commercial vehicles * Quick and uncomplicated financing * Application for all (export) documents * Ordering export license plates / customs license plates * Vehicle preparation: new tarpaulins, lettering, painting, etc. * Professional loading / load securing * TÜV inspections, registration service * Transportation of commercial vehicles Please contact our trained specialists, we will be happy to advise you.

Condition: used, maximum load weight: 14,000 kg, overall weight: 18,000 kg, axle configuration: 2 axles, first registration: 10/2003, next inspection (TÜV): 06/2027, loading space length: 4,800 mm, loading space width: 2,400 mm, loading space height: 900 mm, loading space volume: 11 m³, Year of construction: 2003, Equipment: ABS, Well-maintained Kögel ZK 18 tandem tipping trailer. Equipment: SAF axles Air suspension Steel sideboards Steel tailgate Foldable underride guard LED reversing lights Bdsdpfx Amoz Efdtsroh Platform at the front wall For any questions regarding the equipment, please call. The tipping body can be painted in your desired color for an additional charge! Errors and prior sale excepted.

Condition: used, empty load weight: 5,300 kg, maximum load weight: 12,700 kg, overall weight: 18,000 kg, axle configuration: 2 axles, first registration: 05/2010, loading space length: 7,300 mm, loading space width: 2,480 mm, loading space height: 2,900 mm, loading space volume: 52 m³, suspension: air, tire size: 235/75R17,5 ---/141J, color: other, gearing type: other, front tire size: 235/75R17,5 ---/141J, rear tire size: 235/75R17,5 ---/141J, driver cabin: other, emission class: none, Equipment: ABS, compressed air brake, Lashing eyes, , --  Misprints, errors and changes reserved, Sample images --, More details at: !, More details: ! Bjdpfjz E E Apex Amredh

Condition: used, empty load weight: 3,500 kg, maximum load weight: 10,900 kg, overall weight: 14,400 kg, axle configuration: 2 axles, first registration: 08/2018, loading space length: 7,200 mm, loading space width: 2,470 mm, suspension: other, tire size: 205/65R17,5 ---/126J, color: other, gearing type: other, front tire size: 205/65R17,5 ---/126J, rear tire size: 205/65R17,5 ---/126J, driver cabin: other, emission class: none, Equipment: ABS, compressed air brake, 600 mm side walls, front wall 1,200 mm high, loading height approx. 850 mm, twin tires, 10 x lashing eyes, customer vehicle, , --  Subject to printing errors, mistakes and changes, sample images --, More data at: !, More details: ! Bdsdjz Hi Acjpfx Amroh

Condition: new, empty load weight: 2,980 kg, maximum load weight: 7,520 kg, overall weight: 10,500 kg, axle configuration: 2 axles, loading space length: 6,200 mm, loading space width: 2,480 mm, suspension: air, tire size: 235/75 R 17,5, wheelbase: 990 mm, color: other, gearing type: other, front tire size: 235/75 R 17,5, rear tire size: 235/75 R 17,5, driver cabin: other, emission class: none, fuel: biodiesel, Equipment: ABS, compressed air brake, Loading height approx. 860 mm, vehicle interior width approx. 2,480 mm, front panel made of galvanized steel, 600 mm aluminum sideboards, foldable and removable, removable posts, 40 mm wooden floor, 3 post pockets in the center for plug-in posts 80 x 80, 6 tie-down points, outer frame with tie-down eyes, reinforced gearbox support with load and fast gear, contour marking and side impact protection, mudguards and spray suppression, rear, surcharge for front panel grille 1,600 mm high (perforated sheet metal), price: 1,400 euros, surcharge for aluminum ramps, load capacity per pair 8 tons, and 2 x folding supports at the rear, price: 1,900 euros, -- printing errors, errors and changes excepted, sample images --, more data at: !, More Details: ! Bsdpoz H Immjfx Amrjdh

Condition: new, empty load weight: 2,900 kg, maximum load weight: 7,600 kg, overall weight: 10,500 kg, axle configuration: 2 axles, loading space length: 6,200 mm, loading space width: 2,480 mm, suspension: steel, tire size: 245 / 70 R 17,5, wheelbase: 990 mm, color: other, gearing type: other, front tire size: 245 / 70 R 17,5, rear tire size: 245 / 70 R 17,5, driver cabin: other, emission class: none, fuel: biodiesel, Equipment: ABS, compressed air brake, Loading height approx. 890 mm, vehicle interior width approx. 2,480 mm, front panel made of galvanized steel, 600 mm aluminum sideboards, foldable and removable, removable posts, 40 mm wooden floor, 3 post pockets in the center for plug-in posts 80 x 80, 6 tie-down points, outer frame with tie-down eyes, reinforced transmission support with load and fast gear, contour marking and side impact protection, mudguards and spray suppression, at the rear, surcharge for front panel grid 1,600 mm high (perforated sheet metal), price: 1,400 euros, surcharge for aluminum ramps, load capacity per pair 8 tons, and 2 folding supports at the rear, price: 1,900 euros, -- printing errors, mistakes and changes reserved, sample images --, more data under: !, More Details: ! Bdjdpfx Ajz H Imgomrsh

Condition: good (used), functionality: fully functional, empty load weight: 4,500 kg, maximum load weight: 17,500 kg, overall weight: 22,000 kg, axle configuration: 2 axles, first registration: 08/1996, loading space length: 7,500 mm, loading space width: 2,500 mm, loading space height: 1,200 mm, suspension: air, tire size: 315.80 r 22.5, color: red, Year of construction: 1996, Equipment: ABS, trailer coupling, Bartoletti trailer 2 axles with air suspension, abs, side walls in 3 sections of 80cm high, opening and removable, side collar hooks on the floor, wooden floor with 7.50m of useful load, 2.0m drawbar, total length 9.50m, year 1996, pvc tool boxes, overhauled until 30.10.2025 - INTERDRIVE SRL DEALER - PARMA Bdjdpfewg Hhbsx Amrsh

Condition: used, empty load weight: 3,150 kg, maximum load weight: 6,850 kg, overall weight: 10,000 kg, axle configuration: 2 axles, first registration: 03/2002, loading space length: 7,320 mm, loading space width: 2,490 mm, loading space volume: 42 m³, suspension: air, tire size: 235/75R17,5, wheelbase: 990 mm, color: other, gearing type: other, front tire size: 235/75R17,5, rear tire size: 235/75R17,5, driver cabin: other, emission class: none, Equipment: ABS, compressed air brake, 14 x lashing eyes, 500 mm drop sides, , -- Misprints, errors and omissions excepted, sample pictures --, More data under: !, More Details: ! Bdedsz Hkr Sopfx Amreh

Condition: used, empty load weight: 4,060 kg, maximum load weight: 6,440 kg, overall weight: 10,500 kg, axle configuration: 1 axle, first registration: 01/2019, loading space length: 7,450 mm, loading space width: 2,480 mm, loading space height: 3,100 mm, loading space volume: 57 m³, suspension: air, tire size: 235/75R17,5 143/141L, color: other, gearing type: other, front tire size: 235/75R17,5 143/141L, rear tire size: 235/75R17,5 143/141L, driver cabin: other, emission class: none, Equipment: ABS, compressed air brake, , -- Misprints, errors and omissions excepted, sample pictures --, More details under: !, More Details: ! Bodpsz E E H Usfx Amrodh

Condition: good (used), functionality: fully functional, empty load weight: 7,400 kg, maximum load weight: 34,600 kg, overall weight: 42,000 kg, axle configuration: 3 axles, first registration: 11/2014, loading space length: 13,700 mm, loading space width: 2,500 mm, loading space height: 3,000 mm, suspension: air, tire size: 445.45 r 19.5, color: blue, Year of construction: 2016, Equipment: ABS, sem centinati mega alla francese kogel, 2 identical units available, internal height 3.0m, 3 disc axles, ADR, air suspension with trim adjustment valve, lever-operated raise-lower truss on the columns and roof with sliding cover, rear doors, marine plywood floor, load code din xl, year 2016, inspected until 04/30/2025 - INTERDRIVE SRL DEALER - PARMA Bjdpju Sadrjfx Amredh

Condition: used, maximum load weight: 9,920 kg, overall weight: 13,500 kg, axle configuration: 2 axles, first registration: 07/2012, next inspection (TÜV): 08/2027, loading space length: 7,120 mm, loading space width: 2,480 mm, loading space height: 2,570 mm, loading space volume: 45 m³, total length: 8,900 mm, total width: 2,550 mm, total height: 3,700 mm, Year of construction: 2012, Equipment: ABS, Logemann ATS 13 Tandem Trailer – Through-loading system & Edscha – Valid MOT and Safety Inspection until 02/2027 Description: For sale is a tandem flatbed trailer from the manufacturer Logemann (Type: ATS 13). The trailer is in good, operational condition and has a valid safety inspection (SP) until and TÜV (German vehicle inspection) until. Thanks to the practical through-loading system and the Edscha sliding tarpaulin, the vehicle can be loaded flexibly and quickly. Technical data at a glance: * Manufacturer: Logemann * Type: ATS 13 * First registration: 07/04/2012 * Permissible total weight: 13,500 kg * Payload: 9,920 kg * Unladen weight: 3,580 kg * Color: White Equipment & Highlights: * Body: Through-loading system with side curtains and Edscha sliding tarpaulin * Loading area dimensions: Length: 7.12 m | Width: 2.48 m | Height: 2.57 m * Loading volume: approx. 45.51 m³ * Suspension: Air-suspended (raising and lowering) * Axles: Gigant with drum brakes * Safety: ABS and perforated outer frame for optimal load securing * Additional: 1 storage box * Tow hitch: 40mm * Electrical connection: 15-pin * Tires: Size 285/70 R19.5 (Condition: approx. 80%) Condition & Inspections: * TÜV (German vehicle inspection) valid until: * SP (Safety Inspection) valid until: The trailer is immediately available and ready for use. Viewing is possible by prior arrangement. If you have any interest or questions, please feel free to send us a message or call us! New main inspections/safety inspections or weight reductions/increases are possible upon request. We will gladly assist you in obtaining export/transfer license plates, and we can also arrange for the transport of your purchased vehicles within Germany. Contact us! ----We speak the following languages: German, English and Russian!---- No liability for printing & typographical errors, changes, prior sale and errors reserved!---- Who are we? Leible Nutzfahrzeuge is a family-owned company based in Kehl am Rhein. Through our many years of experience in the preparation and distribution of commercial vehicles, we are a reliable partner for customers worldwide. The particular strength of Leible Nutzfahrzeuge lies in the distribution of new and used commercial vehicles. A wide variety of vehicles can be found on 11,000 m². Our corporate philosophy is characterized by fairness and integrity. As customer satisfaction is very important to us, we offer our customers an excellent all-round service package and provide them with a competent contact person who will support them in the purchase or sale of vehicles. Convince yourself! Bjdpfx Aez Ewymjmredh Our service for you: Loading of vehicles We will gladly help you with the loading of your purchased vehicles. Organization of special transports We will gladly help you with the organization of special transports. Day license plates / export license plates We will gladly help you obtain export license plates/short-term license plates. Handling of customs formalities We will gladly help you with handling customs matters.