Used Guk Rt 46 for sale (8,520)

Condition: used, Der Schrägrollentisch dient zur Überbrückung von Höhenunterschieden und Maschinenzwischenräumen. Außerdem benutzen Sie den Schrägrollentisch als Basisstation für den Cardtipper (mit GWG), den Tapesspender (mit GWG), die OUE-Einrichtung oder zum Gummieren. The inclined roller table is used to bridge height differences and gaps between machines. You can also use the inclined roller table as a base station for the card tipper (with GWG), the tape dispenser (with GWG), the OUE device or for gumming. Lrsdpfoxnz Tlox Ab Aou Schrägrollentisch / Inclined Roller Table GUK RT 46 Baujahr / Year 1994 - Serial-No. 34088 fahrbar und höhenverstellbar / mobile and height adjustable Online-Video-Inspection by WhatsApp - MS Zoom - Telegram On Stock Emskirchen/Nürnberg - Available Immediately - Can be test

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2021, operating hours: 2,600 h, ABB IRB4600-45/2.05 robot and IRC5 controller-TPU-RW6.X Lsdpfx Aoz Tab Dsb Aoru DEVELOPMENT OF GSG ROBOTICS GSG Robotics GmbH, founded in 2005 in Gütersloh, has been based in Marl since 2015, serving a large area for robot maintenance and repair. Over the years, we have developed into a comprehensive partner for all matters relating to industrial robots and automation technology. We are a full-service provider for the two well-known robot manufacturers, ABB and Fanuc.

Condition: new, SIEMENS contactor 1st type - 3 TF 46 - 3 pieces 2nd type - 3 TF 48 - 1 piece 3rd type - 3 TF 54 - 1 piece 4th type - 3 RT 1054 - 1 piece 5. type - 3 RT 1075 - piece 6. LC 1D 65008 - 1 piece Ledpfxou U Ulgs Ab Ajru

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1998, machine/vehicle number: M315, Used filling triblock for vinegar Fimer 1998 - 5000 BPHTechnical Specifications & Performance DataThis second hand triblock Rinsing-Filling-Capping Monoblock delivers reliable performance for glass bottling applications. Manufactured by Fimer with proven engineering quality, the SRT 24-24-6 configuration integrates a 24-clamp rinser, a 24-valve filler, and a 6-head capper into a compact, efficient platform suitable for industrial packaging and beverage production. It is a strong option for upgrading an existing used bottling line or expanding a production cell with robust, easy-to-service equipment.Manufacturer: FimerModel: SRT 24-24-6Year: 1998Configuration: 24-24-6 triblock (rinser-filler-capper)Production speed: up to 5,000 bphContainers: Glass bottlesRinser: 24 grippers with mobile nozzleFiller: 24 valves, gravity/light depression technologyCapper: 6 heads for aluminum screw capsCap format: 31.5 x 18 mm aluminum screw capElectrical supply: 380 V, 50 HzInstalled power: 6.5 kWCompressed air: max 6 barIncluded accessories: cap elevator and a selection of spare partsAdvanced Automation & Control SystemsThe monoblock features straightforward controls designed for dependable day-to-day operation. Mechanical synchronization between the rinser, filler, and capper ensures accurate bottle handling and repeatable processes at rated speeds. Standard operator interfaces allow parameter adjustments and format transitions, while interlocked guards and emergency stops support safe operation. The filling section’s light vacuum (low depression) assistance improves filling stability for still products, enhancing consistency and minimizing product exposure.Production Line Integration CapabilitiesEngineered for integration within an industrial packaging environment, this triblock can operate inline with upstream and downstream conveyors, accumulations, and inspection equipment. Starwheels and guides are designed for glass handling, offering smooth transfers between rinsing, filling, and capping stations. The 31.5 x 18 mm aluminum screw closure format is widely used across condiments and still beverages, enabling compatibility with existing cap feeding and sorting systems. The machine is well suited for retrofit into a used bottling line seeking reliable glass bottle processing.Machine Condition & Maintenance HistoryThis second hand unit has been used previously for vinegar in glass bottles and is complete with a cap elevator and select spare parts. Its configuration and technical state make it a practical candidate for recommissioning in beverage production or other still liquid applications. The equipment presents as ready for operation subject to standard installation, setup, and format tooling verification by the buyer.Operational Performance & VersatilityThe gravity/light depression filler is optimized for still, non-carbonated products, supporting clean fills with red... Lsdpfj Adt Scex Ab Aeru

Condition: good (used), GUK FA 36/4 FL2-36 Folding Machine Machine in very good condition. Made in Germany. Ideal for the production of pharmaceutical leaflets. Equipment: – 4 parallel folding plates – „Hang-on” style delivery – Counter with batching function – Advanced high-pile feeder with an additional suction head – Rietschle compressor – Folding plates adjustable via dials – Soundproofing for all folding plates – Tool kit, additional components, and manual. Technical specifications: Max. format: 360 × 880 mm Min. format: 60 × 140 mm Lrodez S Uxuopfx Ab Aou Very small fold size: approx. 18 mm Operating speed: 10,000 – 30,000 sheets/hour Power supply: 400V

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2017, GUK RS 21/070 Roller Folding Machine This automatic machine is an add-on unit for packaging lines. Suitable for brochures with 4 folding pockets. Technical data: Folding unit: 210 mm feed width Output up to 300 sheets/min Min. format (W x L): 60 x 105 mm Max. format (W x L): 210 x 340 mm Manufacturer: GUK Year of manufacture: 2017 Ljdsyuybpopfx Ab Ajru Space requirement: 130 x 70 x 80 cm

Condition: excellent (used), AVE RRT 24-24-6 Triblock – Automatic Rinsing, Filling, and Capping Machine AVE RRT 24-24-6 automatic triblock in stainless steel, designed to integrate the rinsing, filling, and capping operations of containers into a single machine within industrial bottling and packaging lines for liquid products. Manufactured by AVE, the equipment combines three consecutive process stages in a compact, rotary configuration: hygienic preparation of the container through rinsing, product dosing, and subsequent application and sealing of the cap. The 24-24-6 configuration provides multiple workstations to achieve a continuous flow of containers and reduce transfers between independent machines. MAIN FEATURES -Manufacturer: AVE -Model: RRT 24-24-6 -Type: Automatic rinsing, filling, and capping triblock -Configuration: 24-24-6 -24 rinsing stations -24 filling stations/valves -6 capping heads -Rotary and continuous operation -Automatic container feed -Synchronized transfer between the different stations -Integrated transport system -Construction primarily in stainless steel -Perimeter enclosure with safety guards -Hygienic design for the food industry -Compact construction for line integration -Designed for continuous industrial production PROCESS Containers automatically enter the AVE RRT 24-24-6 and pass successively through the three main operations. First, the containers are positioned in the rinsing section, where they are prepared before filling. Subsequently, they are transferred to the 24-valve filling section, where the product is dosed. Finally, the containers pass to the 6-head capping station, where the cap is automatically placed and sealed before being discharged to the next stage of production. APPLICATIONS Particularly suitable for manufacturers of beverages, juices, water, liquid food products, and other bottling industries that require concentrating several operations into a single automatic machine. It can be integrated with: Lrodszxcq Hopfx Ab Aeu Container feeding systems Tanks and product preparation systems Cap feeders Conveyors Pasteurizers Labeling and coding machines Inspection systems Case packers and end-of-line equipment The combination of rinsing + filling + capping in a single AVE RRT 24-24-6 triblock provides a compact solution for automatic bottling and packaging lines. Machine available for inspection. Additional technical information, dimensions, additional photographs, or videos can be provided upon request.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2004, functionality: fully functional, Equipment: compressor, Guk hajtogató gép: Ledpfxey Id Rpj Ab Aoru FA50/ 6 ( 2004) 6 zseb FA 50/6-1K (2004) 6 zseb +1 kés Megkímélt állapotban. méret: B/2

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1998, machine/vehicle number: M310, Technical Specifications & Performance Data This Rinsing-Filling-Capping Triblock by FIMER is a robust rotary monoblock engineered for glass bottle handling and precision filling. Built on the model SRT 24-24-6, it integrates a 24-clamp rinser with mobile nozzle, a 24-valve gravity/light depression filler, and a 6-head aluminum screw capper. Designed for reliable operation in beverage production and industrial packaging, it is suitable for second hand and used bottling line upgrades where consistent performance and compact footprint are priorities. Manufacturer: FIMER Model: SRT 24-24-6 Year: 1998 Rinser: 24 grippers, mobile nozzle Filler: 24 valves, gravity/light depression (slight vacuum) Capper: 6 heads, aluminum screw caps 31,5 x 18 Cap handling: Complete with cap elevator Electrical power: 6.5 kW Power supply: 380 V, 50 Hz Compressed air: Max 6 bar Construction: Rotary triblock for glass bottles Advanced Automation & Control Systems The triblock integrates coordinated rotary turrets for synchronized rinsing, filling, and capping. It is designed for straightforward operation with clear machine status visibility and quick access to critical areas for adjustments. The filler operates on gravity/light depression principles for stable liquid level control, ideal for products like vinegar in glass bottles. Electrical configuration: 380 V, 50 Hz Installed power: 6.5 kW Filling technology: Gravity/light depression for accurate, low-turbulence filling Safety systems: CE-marked with protective guarding and emergency stop circuits Changeover: Format changes supported via standard change parts Production Line Integration Capabilities This unit can be integrated into a complete used bottling line or operate as a standalone monoblock in glass bottling applications. It interfaces easily with upstream bottle conveyors and downstream inspection, labeling, and packaging machinery in beverage production and industrial packaging environments. Lrjdpfxj Ady Ece Ab Asu Operation mode: Inline integration or standalone Container handling: Designed for glass bottles Cap logistics: Integrated cap elevator for continuous feeding Applications: Suitable for vinegar and similar still products Machine Condition & Maintenance History The triblock comes from a professional bottling context and is presented as a second hand solution in working condition, ready for operation. The configuration and components indicate routine industrial use with standard maintenance practices typical of glass bottling environments. Status: Ready for operation Usage: Previously used to fill vinegar into glass bottles Operational Performance & Versatility With 24 rinsing grippers and 24 filling valves, the machine provides balanced throughput, while the 6-head capper ensures consistent aluminum screw cap applicat...

Condition: ready for operation (used), Keyway cutting machine FRÖMAG RAPIDA 463 incl. INDEXING TABLE - Machinable keyway width: 3 - 63mm Lredpfx Aezl Aiieb Asu - Maximum keyway length: 600mm - INDEXING TABLE - For bores from 10 - 500mm - Feed rate: 0.01 - 0.25mm - Cutting speed, infinitely adjustable: 2 - 22 meters/min - Return speed / constant: 50 meters/min - Load capacity max. 3000 kg - Connection power: 4.6 kW - Includes work platform - Various keyway cutters / accessories & tool cabinet Dimensions: L x W x H 1.6 x 1.5 x 2.3 meters / Weight 3500 kg Errors and omissions excepted.

Condition: new, Cefla painting system Lrodpfx Aewhbrwjb Asu

Condition: excellent (used), Folding machine GUK SA30 / FA30 / 4 SVA Lrsdoz N Sb Ijpfx Ab Aou The machine is fully operational, ready to work. Production Germany. Equipment: – 4 pockets – mobile delivery – counter with packaging function – extensive feeder, built-in compressor – soundproofing covers cassettes – Toolkit Technical data: format max. 300 x 420 mm format min. 100 x 150 mm smallest column 45 mm working speed 200m / min 400V power supply

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2012, operating hours: 4,041 h, Equipment: all wheel drive, MAKE: SNORKEL TYPE: A46JRT YEAR: 2012 CE MARKED: YES OPERATING HOURS: 4041 HOURS TIRES/UNDERCARRIAGE: 80% POWER: 30KW ENGINE: KUBOTA WEIGHT: 7550 KG OPTIONS: 16M WORKING HEIGHT 14.1M MAXIMUM PLATFORM HEIGHT KORENBLIK MACHINERY BV VEENWEG 56 Lsdpfx Ao Adl Shsb Aeru 7336AG APELDOORN THE NETHERLANDS VAT ID: NL864089764B01

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2006, GUK folding machine FA 50/6 FA 52/4, year of manufacture 2006, equipped as follows: – Flat pile feeder FA 50 Lodpjx Endujfx Ab Aeru – 1st station FA 50 with 6 folding pockets, double pre-mounted knife shaft, top segment rollers, HHS cold glue 1 head, HHS hot glue with 2 heads, and transfer table. – 2nd station FA 52 with 4 folding pockets and transfer table, hydraulically height-lockable. – Knife shaft station SM 52 with 4 knife shafts, hydraulically height-adjustable. – Shingle delivery SM 52 – Vacuum/blast air pump – Window folding pocket – Various spare parts

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1996, 4 buckle plates Knife folding unit Additional buckle plate Lrsdpfoz Dikhjx Ab Aeu Additional knife folding unit Shingle delivery Available immediately Machine type: Folder Year of construction: 1997

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2013, operating hours: 9,710 h, One of the last models without a particulate filter: Liebherr L 542 Z 2plus1 Only used for light work on paved surfaces? No construction site! German machine! Machine delivered on January 15, 2013 – produced in 2012 – therefore still without a particulate filter! Excellent machine – technically and visually well-maintained – All services performed at Liebherr – last recorded on October 8, 2020 at 8678 hours Chassis No. VATZ0435TZB032052 Year of manufacture 2013 Operating hours approx. 9710 Liebherr 4-cylinder inline engine, water-cooled with turbocharger Emission level III, 142 hp with 6.9 liters displacement (Liebherr engine type 934) * BSS hub damper, driving vibration damper – vibration damping * 3rd hydraulic control circuit for tipping bucket, sweeper, grab bucket, etc. * Air conditioning * Central lubrication system – factory installed by Liebherr * Reversing warning device, audible (beeper) * Engine air intake via pre-filter TOP-AIR * Comfort driver's seat with pneumatic suspension * Steering wheel adjustable in inclination * 4 work lights on the front of the cab roof * 4 additional lights on the rear of the cab roof * 2 additional lights on the side of the cab roof * Protective grille for headlights at the front * Radiator with coarse mesh for easier cleaning * Fluff filter in front of the radiator * Reversing fan to blow out the radiator (fan is reversible) * Pre-installation for rotating beacon, yellow light, on the top center of the cab * Battery disconnect switch * Radio pre-installation * Road approval Permissible total weight approx. 17,000 kg, unladen weight approx. 15,000 kg Hydrostatic drive with 3-speed transmission Tires 20.5 x 25 L3, front, 50% remaining, Michelin Tires 20.5 x 25 L3, rear, 40% remaining, Michelin Offer with permanently mounted bucket, 2.8 cubic meters, for the price of €43,900.00 net Optional equipment available at an additional cost: * Hydraulic quick coupler €3,550.00 including replacement of the permanently mounted bucket with a quick-coupler bucket * Tipping bucket from 3.0 cbm to 5.5 cbm from €4,950.00 * Bucket with undercarriage for quick coupler, 3.0 cubic meters from €3,660.00 * Volume bucket, 4 cubic meters, €4,500.00 * 4-in-1 bucket, 2 cubic meters, on request * Pallet forks, 5 or 8 tons, from €1,990.00 Ledpfoz Rh Rhsx Ab Asru If required, also available with a used scale! Pfreundt WK 50 – €3,950.00 All prices net, export – domestic plus 19% VAT. Sale only to businesses or for export. Sale in the condition as it stands. No guarantee or warranty. The indicated mileage or operating hours are read from the mileage or hour meter; we do not guarantee the accuracy of this information! Subject to prior sale. The vehicle description does not constitute a binding offer, and the information provided is not to be regarded as guaranteed characteristics. The description and the information provided therein serve only for the general identification of the vehicle and do not constitute a guarantee in the legal sense. The information does not claim to be complete. The information/descriptions and images provided are non-binding and do not constitute guaranteed characteristics. Only the specifications in the order confirmation and invoice apply. The seller assumes no liability/warranty. The advertisement may contain typing and data transmission errors. The seller has not inspected the machine. Equipment must be checked separately if necessary. We will also gladly accept your vehicle in part exchange.

Condition: good (used), GUK K50/4/1/FL 2-50 Automatic Folding Machine Machine in perfect condition, ready for production. Format: 500x700mm. Folding speed: 30-160m/min Equipment: 4 parallel cassettes electronically adjusted via computer 1 cross-cut knife First cassette extended. Continuous speed control via inverter control panel Counter with batching function and folding speed indicator. Rietschle compressor. Raised soundproofing hood. Tool roller for mounting tools such as perforation, creasing, and cutting. FL2-50 feeder with vacuum unit Window cassette with control unit. Mobile delivery with continuous speed control. Lsdpfx Aoz Dta Teb Aeru

Condition: good (used), Folding machine Stack feeder 6 pockets + cross-folding blade Ledpfozrp D Hsx Ab Asru

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2021, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 1235, TECHNICAL DETAILS Production speed: max. 150 bags/min MACHINE DETAILS Lsdpfez Ng A Hex Ab Aoru Connected power: approx. 45 kW Operating voltage: 380–400 V Frequency: 50–60 Hz EQUIPMENT CE marking

Condition: good (used), mileage: 105,756 km, power: 338 kW (459.55 HP), first registration: 10/2017, fuel type: diesel, wheelbase: 5,650 mm, fuel: diesel, fuel tank capacity: 500 l, color: white, driver cabin: sleeper cab, gearing type: automatic, emission class: euro6, Equipment: AdBlue, = Additional options and accessories = - PTO (Power Take-Off) = Further information = Lrsdpfsxzq Hhsx Ab Aou Number of cylinders: 6 Engine displacement: 10,837 cc Unladen weight: 20,300 kg Payload: 16,700 kg Gross vehicle weight: 37,000 kg Technical condition: good Visual condition: good

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2002, functionality: fully functional, Brand: BRETON Italia Model: XCeeder 1200 RT Type of machine: Vertical CNC machining center, 3 axes Year of construction: 2002 CNC control: SELCA S4045PD Working Capacity X-axis travel: 1,200 mm Y-axis travel: 1,000 mm Z-axis travel: 600 mm Table dimensions: 1,500 × 1,000 mm Rapid Traverse Rates X-axis: 60,000 mm/min Y-axis: 60,000 mm/min Lrodpez Iakmjfx Ab Aou Z-axis: 40,000 mm/min Spindle Maximum spindle speed: 18,000 rpm Spindle taper: HSK-A63 Spindle line cooler Tool Magazine Automatic tool changer (ATC) Capacity: 30 tools Set of HSK-A63 tapers Assorted tooling Measuring Systems Measuring scales on the axes: X Y Z Coolant and Chip Management Coolant collection tank Chip conveyor Washing pumps CTS pump for coolant through the spindle High-pressure CTS system External unit for CTS system Accessories: Coolant collection tank Chip conveyor Washing pumps High-pressure CTS pump through the spindle CTS external unit Scales on the X / Y / Z axes Spindle line cooler Fume extractor No. 2 magnetic tables Set of HSK-A63 tapers Assorted tooling Documentation: Machine manuals Electrical diagrams CE Declaration of Conformity Key Features: Vertical CNC machining center, 3 axes Large working travels: 1,200 × 1,000 × 600 mm High rapid traverse rates up to 60,000 mm/min High-speed spindle up to 18,000 rpm HSK-A63 spindle taper Automatic tool changer with 30 tools Measuring scales on the X, Y, and Z axes High-pressure CTS system Spindle line conditioning Chip conveyor and washing system Fume extractor No. 2 magnetic tables Complete with a set of HSK-A63 tapers and assorted tooling Complete with manuals, electrical diagrams, and CE Declaration

Condition: used, mileage: 1,097,470 km, power: 345 kW (469.07 HP), first registration: 12/2018, fuel type: diesel, axle configuration: 3 axles, brakes: retarder, color: other, driver cabin: other, gearing type: other, emission class: euro6, suspension: air, number of seats: 2, Equipment: ABS, air conditioning, cruise control, differential lock, onboard computer, trailer coupling, Manufacturer: Renault - Type/Model: T 460 Comfort 6x2 - First registration: 03/12/2018 - Mileage: 1,097,470 km - Number of axles: 3 - Emission class: Euro 6 - Cab: L - Permanent brake: retarder - Suspension: air - Lift axle - Steering axle - Brakes: disc - Length: 8,650 mm - Width: 2,550 mm - Height: 3,180 mm - Bodybuilder: Schwarte - Tank material: stainless steel - Total tank volume: 15,000 L - Tank compartments: 3 - Insulated - CIP cleaning Lrjdpfx Aoy Igineb Aju

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2002, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 2507, Used CNC bed milling machine / traveling column milling machine with automatic tool changer and swivel head. Manufacturer: TIGER S.p.A. (Italy) Type: TFA 5 RT Year of manufacture: 2002 Lsdozffnuspfx Ab Aeru Serial number: 2507 The "RT" designation at Tiger indicates a version with a rotary table or 5-axis machining capability. Heidenhain CNC control (probably TNC 426 or TNC 430) Automatic tool changer Tool magazine Tiger TFA 5 RT ISO 50 tool holder Swivel milling head Bed-type machine with a large working area Full enclosure Tool changer Weight 650 kg Connection 400 V / 50 Hz Power output 45 kW Maximum current 80 A Technical data X-axis travel 2,500 mm Y-axis travel 1,200 mm Z-axis travel 1,200 mm Table size 1,000 x 1000 mm Tool holder ISO 50 Spindle speed 2,500 rpm Main drive 45 kW Number of tool positions 60 Machine weight 12,000 kg

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1999, GUK ZK-500 Mobile Knife Unit Lodpfx Abjw Eu U He Ajru The GUK ZK-500 is a mobile knife unit known for its versatility and compact design. Thanks to its mobility, the ZK-500 can be easily integrated into existing production lines and offers reliable performance. Key Features - Mobility: The ZK-500 is specifically designed for cross folding and can be flexibly used in various production environments - Compact Design: Space-saving design that integrates easily into existing production lines - Reliability: With its robust construction and electronic control, the ZK-500 is particularly reliable and low-maintenance Specifications - Format: Maximum 480 mm x 310 mm; Minimum 160 mm x 70 mm - Nominal Voltage: 230V - Nominal Power Consumption: 0.45 kW - Nominal Current: 5.0 A All-Inclusive Service Package We take care of everything: from secure packaging and transportation to customs clearance. Upon request, we can also provide a customized leasing offer. Sustainable and Economical Choose a used machine and benefit twice: Save the environment and your budget. Despite possible signs of use, you receive a quality product at an attractive price.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2004, LEISTRITZ RT 400-CCA Thread Rolling Machine Manufacturer: Leistritz Thommen GmbH, Switzerland Model: RT 400-CCA Machine Type:Thread Rolling Machine Year of Manufacture: 2004 Serial Number:1028 Country of Manufacture: Switzerland Technical Specifications Rolling Capacity - Maximum rolling force: 40 tons - Minimum shaft length: 125 mm - Maximum shaft length: 275 mm Rolling Die Dimensions For Ø69.85 mm tooling: - Minimum rolling die diameter: 176–178 mm - Maximum rolling die diameter: 215 mm For Ø80 mm tooling: - Minimum rolling die diameter: 176 mm - Maximum rolling die diameter: 210 mm Electrical Specifications - Power supply: 3 × 400 V - Frequency: 50 Hz - Rated power: 65 kW - Main fuse: 125 A Ledpfx Abez Rzx Ss Aoru - Control voltage: 24 V DC - Spindle power: 22 / 20.5 kW Hydraulic and Pneumatic System - Hydraulic operating pressure: 270 bar - Compressed air pressure: 6 bar - Hydraulic unit manufacturer: CYMAX AG, Switzerland - Hydraulic unit type: IHS240-DD10-IT75/55+18/270-9.2-A783.1 - Hydraulic oil tank capacity: 240 liters - Hydraulic reservoir capacity (auxiliary): 60 liters - Hydraulic pump flow rates: 75 / 18 / 40 l/min Machine Dimensions and Weight - Approximate dimensions (L × W × H): 3,400 × 2,900 × 2,200 mm - Machine weight: 4,900 kg Equipment - Two-spindle thread rolling arrangement - Hydraulic rolling system - CYMAX hydraulic power unit - Coolant and filtration system - Additional spindle pair for Ø69.85 mm and Ø80 mm tooling (subject to confirmation) Control - PLC control system - Control system retrofit reported in 2019 (subject to confirmation)