Used Trens Fanuc Teach-In Lathe for sale (21,432)

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, turning diameter over cross slide: 250 mm, turning length: 730 mm, turning diameter: 500 mm, spindle speed (max.): 1,800 rpm, CNC lathe machine CK 6150 with flat bed We offer a new CNC lathe machine model CK6150. We use this machine in our production and you can see it in operation before ordering. The CK 6150 lathe has a flat bed and hardening guides, which ensures a long period of operation of the equipment. The machine is equipped with a CNC system, the GSK CNC system is installed as standard. Optionally, the machine can be equipped with a Fanuc or Siemens CNC system. The machine can have a tool holder for 4-6 or 8 tools, depending on the customer's wishes. It is possible to install a hydraulic chuck on the machine, which will greatly simplify the process of installing parts on it and a hydraulic tailstock. The CK 6150 lathe can be equipped with additional supporting frame for more accurate manufacturing of long parts. Technical specifications: Model CK 6150 x 1000 Maximum workpiece diameter over bed 500 mm Maximum workpiece diameter over support 250 mm Maximum workpiece length 1000 mm Maximum turning length 730 mm Spindle bore diameter 82 mm Spindle speed 150-1800 rpm Engine power 7.5 kW Mechanical chuck (hydraulic optional) Chuck size 250 mm. 4-position tool holder (6 or 8 optional) Maximum tool size for tool holder 25x25 mm Machine weight 2700 kg Machine dimensions 2650×1700×1820 mm We can also supply lathes CK 6140, CK 6150 and CK 6160 with other dimensions of the working part: CK 6140 dimensions of the working part 550/750 mm CK 6150 dimensions of the working part 1000/1500/2000 mm CK 6160 dimensions of the working part 1000/1500/2000 mm CK 6152E dimensions of the working part 1000/1500/2000/3000 mm Nodjxdmgvspfx Afaowf CK 6165E dimensions of the working part 1000/1500/2000/3000 mm CK 6165E dimensions of the working part 1000/1500/2000/3000 mm CK 6185E dimensions of the working part 1000/1500/2000/3000/4000 mm CK 61100E dimensions of the working part 1000/1500/2000/3000 mm CK 61125E dimensions of the working part 1000/1500/2000/3000 mm

Condition: like new (used), Manufacturer: FANUC Corporation Model: FF4000i-A Machine type: Fiber laser Laser power: 4 kW Laser technology: Fiber laser Nsdpfxjyt Db Do Afaowf Manufacture date: June 2016 Power supply: 200 V / 220 V Frequency: 50 / 60 Hz Rated power: 28 kVA Rated current: 16 A Short-circuit current: 5 kA Country of Manufacture: Japan Accessories: Transformer FANUC LX80L-0003-0611 Transformer power: 30 kVA Primary voltage transformer: 400 V ±5 % Secondary voltage transformer: 200 V Transformer frequency: 50 / 60 Hz Transformer weight: 125 kg Standard: EN61558-2-13 Scope of delivery: Laser source, transformer, two fiber optic cables Location: Fulda The laser has only been used as a demonstration unit at a trade fair in 2018, therefore very few operating hours.

Condition: repair required (used), Year of construction: 1998, functionality: not functional, machine/vehicle number: KMH0141155, travel distance X-axis: 500 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 380 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 300 mm, controller manufacturer: Fanuc, total height: 2,250 mm, total length: 2,200 mm, total width: 2,200 mm, overall weight: 1,700 kg, spindle speed (max.): 8,000 rpm, input voltage: 400 V, type of input current: three-phase, Equipment: documentation/manual, We are offering this FANUC α-T14iA vertical machining center in need of repair, year of manufacture 1998. Manufacturer: FANUC Model: α-T14iA Year of manufacture: 1998 Machine type: Vertical machining center This machine has low operating hours and was used exclusively in single-shift operation for prototyping. The spindle is defective; otherwise, the machine is well-maintained and functional. Nedeywzlvopfx Afaswf If you have any questions or need further information, please feel free to send us a message or give us a call.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2017, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: A05B-2651-B011, arm reach: 911 mm, type of input current: DC, total height: 600 mm, load capacity: 7 kg, FANUC LR Mate 200iD/7L A05B-1142-B301 + R-30iB Mate A05B-2651-B011 | 2017 | complete set FANUC LR Mate 200iD/7L ➤ Catalogue number: A05B-1142-B301 FANUC R-30iB Mate Controller ➤ Catalogue number: A05B-2651-B011 The package also includes the operator panel (teach pendant) and all cabling! The robot is in very good technical condition, dismantled from a working installation, ready for immediate operation. 🔧 Key robot specifications: ✔ Model: LR Mate 200iD/7L ✔ Manufacturer: FANUC ✔ Year of manufacture: 2017 ✔ Number of axes: 6 ✔ Reach: approx. 911 mm ✔ Payload: 7 kg ✔ Repeatability: ±0.02 mm ✔ Robot weight: approx. 27 kg 🔧 Controller: ✔ Model: R-30iB Mate ✔ Catalogue number: A05B-2651-B011 ✔ Power supply: 200–230V Condition: ✔ Visual: very good ✔ Technical: fully functional, ready for operation ✔ Dismantled from a functioning installation 🛠 Service / Maintenance ✔ Last maintenance: May 2025 Nwsdpoywlgqefx Afaof ✔ Regularly serviced ✔ Ready to work without the need for immediate servicing Applications ✔ Pick & Place ✔ CNC machine tending ✔ Production automation ✔ Packaging ✔ Assembly Additional information ✔ Shipping within the EU possible ✔ VAT and EU invoice available

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2018, Control Unit Brand FANUC Model 31i-B5 Main Drive Spindle speed range 10000 / 24000 Spindle motor power BBT30 Number of axis 5 Movement Nsdpex D H Dzjfx Afaowf X-Axis Movement 700 mm X-Axis Rapid Traverse 54 m/min Y-Axis Movement 400 mm Y-Axis Rapid Traverse 54 m/min Z-Axis Movement 330 mm Z-Axis Rapid Traverse 54 m/min Table Table load 300 kg Tools Number of index 21 Max weight 3 kg Max tool diameter 80 mm Max tool length 250 mm This 5-axis FANUC Alfa D21LiB5 was manufactured in 2018 and features a robust vertical machining center design. Key specifications include a travel range of 700 × 400 × 330 mm, a table size of 850 × 410 mm, and a maximum table load of 300 kg. It supports a spindle speed of up to 24,000 rpm and a rapid traverse in all axes at 54 m/min. Consider the opportunity to buy this FANUC Alfa D21LiB5 vertical machining center. Contact us for more information. Application Types Milling

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 1994, Control Unit Brand FANUC Model Series 16-M Movement Nwsdpjx D Nq Rsfx Afasf X-Axis Movement 400 Y-Axis Movement 300 Z-Axis Movement 300 This 3-axis FANUC Robodrill Alpha-T10A was manufactured in 1994. It features a FANUC Series 16-M CNC, a table size of 650x400 mm, and can handle a maximum part weight of 200 kg. It has 10 tool pockets, enhancing its versatility for various machining tasks. Consider the opportunity to buy this FANUC Robodrill Alpha-T10A vertical machining centre. Contact us for more information about this machine. Application Types Milling

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2017, Control Unit Nedjx D Nr Uepfx Afaowf Brand FANUC Model i Pendant A05B-2255-C101#EGN This 6-axis FANUC Robot M20iA 35M was manufactured in 2017. It features a maximum payload capacity of 35KG and a reach of 1813 mm, ideal for tasks requiring precision and strength. Consider the opportunity to buy this FANUC Robot M20iA 35M robot arm. Contact us for more information. Application Types Robotics

Year of construction: 2012, condition: ready for operation (used), This FANUC ROBOSHOT S-2000 i 150B was manufactured in 2012. A pristine electrical injection moulding machine, it has never been used, maintaining zero working hours. It features a 52 mm screw diameter. Consider the opportunity to buy this FANUC ROBOSHOT S-2000 i 150B electrical injection moulding machine. Contact us for more information. Application Types Injection Moulding Nwedox D Rq Ejpfx Afaef

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2018, travel distance X-axis: 400 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 300 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 255 mm, total width: 1,990 mm, overall weight: 1,800 kg, controller manufacturer: FANUC, controller model: 31i-WB, number of axes: 5, Wire EDM machine manufactured in 2018. This FANUC Robocut alpha-C400iB offers advanced cutting capabilities. If you are looking to get high-quality wire EDM capabilities, consider the FANUC Robocut alpha-C400iB machine we have for sale. Contact us for further details. • Workpiece capacity: max dimensions 730 × 630 × 250 mm; max workpiece weight 500 kg • Axis travel: U/V 120 × 120 mm • Machining capability: max taper angle ±30°/80 mm; minimum drive increment 0.0001 mm; wire diameter Ø0.10–Ø0.30 mm; max wire spool weight 16 kg • Controller: FANUC 31i-WB; part program storage 4 MB • Acoustic noise: LPA 64 dB; LPCpeak 81 dB • Optional specifications: • Thin wire option: wire diameter Ø0.05–Ø0.07 mm • Automatic front door option: max workpiece dimensions with auto door 730 × 585 × 250 mm • 45° die guide option: max taper angle ±45°/40 mm • 30 kg wire feed unit option: max wire spool weight 30 kg • Installation conditions: • Power supply: AC 200V ±10%, 3-phase, 50/60 Hz ±1 Hz; AC 220V ±10%, 3-phase, 60 Hz ±1 Hz; connection cable terminal size 8-5; power consumption 13 kVA • Air supply: 0.5–0.7 MPa; 100–110 L/min (minimum 120 L/min with thin wire option); regulator-side coupler mounting screw Rc1/4 • Environment: 15–30°C (recommended 20 ±1°C for high-precision machining); oil-mist-free and dust-free; humidity ≤75% RH Nsdpeypma Iofx Afaewf • Grounding: Type C; max grounding resistance 10 Ω; must be grounded independently from other machinery • Shield room requirement: If electrical discharge noise interferes with nearby radio, television, or electronic equipment, a shielded room must be installed

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2013, controller manufacturer: FANUC, controller model: R-30iB, This 6-axis FANUC R2000iB/165F robot arm was manufactured in 2013. Ideal for automation tasks, it enhances precision and efficiency in production lines. Consider the opportunity to buy this FANUC R2000iB/165F robot arm. Contact us for more information. Nodeyaih Njpfx Afaowf Machine Benefits Technical Machine Benefits • Load capacity: 165 kg • Reach: 2655 mm

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2014, travel distance X-axis: 500 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 400 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 330 mm, spindle speed (max.): 21,000 rpm, number of axes: 4, This Fanuc Robodrill D21MiA5 Vertical Machining center was manufactured in the year 2014. It has 4 axis. The machine has a spindle speed of 21000 rpm. Open the attached PDF document to see all additional options of machine configuration (scroll down to access the document). Machine Benefits Nsdpfx Afsx D N Ntjaowf Technical Machine Benefits • 4 cnc axes, with chick horizontal axis dividing head and support bearing. • 21 tools • X =m 500 mm / y = 400 mm / z = 330 mm • Central coolant system with pump and filtration • Oil tank.

Year of construction: 2015, operating hours: 49,071 h, condition: ready for operation (used), overall weight: 4,400 kg, Electrical injection moulding machine manufactured in 2015. This FANUC Roboshot S100iA features a closing force of 100 tons and a screw diameter of 26 mm. With a beam spacing of 460 x 410 mm, it is designed for efficient production. If you are looking to get high-quality injection moulding capabilities, consider the FANUC Roboshot S100iA machine we have for sale. Contact us for further details. • Clamping Force: 100t Njdoyninfopfx Afajwf • Screw Diameter: 26mm • Power Supply: 200 V∼50/60 Hz, 220 V∼60 Hz

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2016, operating hours: 4,439 h, travel distance X-axis: 800 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 600 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 310 mm, wire diameter (max.): 0.3 mm, overall weight: 4,200 kg, controller manufacturer: FANUC, controller model: 31i-WB, product length (max.): 2,900 mm, number of axes: 5, wire diameter (min.): 0.1 mm, This 5-axis FANUC ROBOCUT alpha C800iB was manufactured in 2016, featuring a large work area with X-axis travel of 800 mm, Y-axis travel of 600 mm, and Z-axis travel of 310 mm. It supports a maximum workpiece weight of 3000 kg and utilizes a CNC control FANUC 31i-WB for precise operations. If you are looking to get high-quality wire EDM capabilities, consider the FANUC ROBOCUT alpha C800iB machine we have for sale. Contact us for more information. • Work area / travels: • U-axis: 200 mm Nwjdpfxsx Nr N Ao Afaof • V-axis: 200 mm • Rapid traverse rates: • X-axis: 2000 mm/min • Y-axis: 2000 mm/min • Z-axis: 900 mm/min • U-axis: 450 mm/min • V-axis: 450 mm/min • Workpiece capacity: • Maximum workpiece dimensions: 1250 × 975 × 300 mm • Maximum workpiece weight: 3000 kg • Wire EDM parameters: • Maximum wire weight: 16 kg • Maximum taper angle: ±30° / 150 mm • Minimum positioning increment: 0.0001 mm • Machine data: • Permissible workpiece mass: 3000 kg • Electrical data: • Power supply: 3-phase, 50/60 Hz • Connected load: 13 kVA

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2016, operating hours: 42,581 h, screw diameter: 20 mm, controller manufacturer: FANUC, This FANUC Roboshot S50iA was manufactured in 2016. It is an electrical injection moulding machine with a closing force of 50 tons and a screw diameter of 20mm. Consider the opportunity to buy this FANUC Roboshot S50iA electrical injection moulding machine. Contact us for more information. Njdpfx Ajx D R Ahsfaowf • Optional: Wittmann Handling

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2018, operating hours: 116 h, overall weight: 180 kg, number of axes: 6, This 6-axis FANUC M-10iA / 8L robot arm was manufactured in 2018. It features a maximum reach of 2032 mm, a sound power level of 57.4 dB, and operates within an ambient temperature range of 0-45°C. The robot includes an R-30iB Plus controller and supports a maximum wrist load of 8 kg. Consider the opportunity to buy this FANUC M-10iA / 8L robot arm. Contact us for more information about this machine. • Availability: 2 units • Condition: barely used Nedox D Ec Nspfx Afaowf • Controller: R-30iB Plus • Electrical supply: 380–575 V, 50/60 Hz, 3-phase • Average power: 1 kW • Integrated signals on upper arm (stop signals): 8 In / 8 Out • Integrated air supply: 1 • Sound power level: 57.4 dB • Ambient temperature: 0–45 °C • Protection rating (mechanics): IP54 (standard/optional) • Protection rating (wrist & A3 arm): IP67 (standard/optional) • Robot footprint: 343 x 343 • Max. weight on wrist (payload): 8 kg • Max. reach: 2032 mm • Repeatability: 0.03 mm

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2004, operating hours: 23,500 h, controller manufacturer: FANUC, controller model: Series 16i-MB, number of axes: 4, This 4-axis FANUC Robodrill Alpha-T14 iD was manufactured in 2004. It features a BT30 spindle taper, a 14-tool turret, and a table size of 750 x 380 mm. Equipped with a Fanuc series 16i-MB control system and a 4th axis by Yukiwa. Running time stands at 23,500 hours. If you are looking to get high-quality milling capabilities consider the FANUC Robodrill Alpha-T14 iD machine we have for sale. Contact us for more information. Nodpfx Asx D Rxijfaowf Machine Benefits Qualitative Machine Benefits • Machine in good condition, regularly maintained. Technical Machine Benefits • 4th axis: yukiwa • Table size: 750 x 380 mm • Spindle power 11 kW (1min rating) / 3.7 kW (continous) Extra Information Machine still under power

Year of construction: 2016, condition: ready for operation (used), controller manufacturer: FANUC, screw diameter: 26 mm, This FANUC Roboshot S100iA was manufactured in 2021. It features a 100 ton clamping force, ideal for precision electrical injection moulding. Consider the opportunity to buy this FANUC Roboshot S100iA electrical injection moulding machine. Contact us for more information. • 35,099h = screw diameter 32 mm • 32,691h = screw diameter 32 mm Nsdpfx Afeyam E Seajwf • 29,023h = screw diameter 26 mm • Optional: Wittmann Handling

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2015, operating hours: 45,109 h, screw diameter: 36 mm, overall weight: 4,400 kg, controller manufacturer: FANUC, This FANUC Roboshot S150iA was manufactured in 2015. It's an electrical injection moulding machine with a closing force of 150-180 tons and a screw diameter of 36mm. Weighing 4.4 tons, it operates on a power supply of 200 V∼50/60 Hz or 220 V∼60 Hz. Consider the opportunity to buy this FANUC Roboshot S150iA electrical injection moulding machine. Contact us for more information. • Power supply: 200 V, 50/60 Hz; 220 V, 60 Hz • selection unit: no Nwsdjx S Slcjpfx Afaof • beam spacing: 560 x 510 • single platen: yes • Optional: Wittmann Handling

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2011, controller manufacturer: FANUC, number of axes: 6, This 6-axis FANUC ARC Mate 100iC welding robot was manufactured in 2011. Ideal for precision welding tasks, it offers robust construction and reliable performance. If you are looking to get high-quality welding capabilities, consider the FANUC ARC Mate 100iC machine we have for sale. Contact us for more information. Machine Benefits Technical Machine Benefits • Payload: 10 kg • Reach: 1,421 mm • Repeatability: ±0. 08 mm Nwjdpfjyaiyfjx Afaof • Robot weight: approx. 130 kg • Mounting: floor / wall / ceiling

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2008, travel distance X-axis: 600 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 400 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 310 mm, controller manufacturer: FANUC, controller model: 310is-WA, number of axes: 5, This 5-axis FANUC Alpha 1ID wire EDM machine was manufactured in 2008. It offers precision and efficiency for intricate metalworking tasks. If you are looking to get high-quality EDM capabilities, consider the FANUC Alpha 1ID machine we have for sale. Contact us for more information. Additional equipment • Includes all accessories in the photos • Includes digital documentation Nwjdpfx Ajyali Aofasf Machine Benefits Technical Machine Benefits • Internal dimensions of the work tank: 1100 x 800 mm • Wire diameter: 0. 1 mm to 0. 3 mm (0. 25 mm present on the machine) • Wire spool capacity: up to 16 kg • Automatic wire cutting and feeding Extra Information Machine still under power

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2022, number of axes: 6, This 6-axis FANUC LR Mate 200 iD 14L robot arm was manufactured in 2022. It features a lightweight controller at 40 kg, operates on 200-230 V~ AC, and is designed for single-phase power with a consumption of 1.2 kVA. It meets CE, EMC, and EN55011 (Group 1, Class A) safety certifications. Consider the opportunity to buy this FANUC LR Mate 200 iD 14L robot arm. Contact us for more information about this machine. Machine Benefits Technical Machine Benefits • Weight of the robot controller: 40 kg • Input voltage: 200-230 v~ (alternating current) • Phases: 1 phase Njdpfxox Nr H Uo Afaswf • Mains frequency: 50/60 hz • Safety certifications: ce, emc, en55011 (group 1, class a) • Robot is completely new and has 0 operating hours!

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2019, overall weight: 1,090 kg, arm reach: 2,655 mm, number of axes: 6, This 6-axis FANUC R-2000iC 165F robot arm was manufactured in 2019. It features a maximum reach of 2655 mm and can handle wrist weights up to 165 kg. The robot's footprint is 771 x 610 mm, and it operates on a 380-575V, 3-phase electrical system. Consider the opportunity to buy this FANUC R-2000iC 165F robot arm. Contact us for more information about this machine. • Repeatability: 0.05 mm • Max. wrist load: 165 kg • Robot footprint: 771 x 610 mm • Electrical supply: 380–575 V, 3-phase; 50/60 Hz • Average power: 2.5 kW Njdpfx Ajx D Eb Sjfajwf • Integrated upper arm signals (In/Out, stop signals): 8/8 • Integrated air supply: 2 • Sound power level: 70.5 dB • Ambient temperature: not specified • Protection rating (mechanical, standard/optional): IP54 / IP56 • Protection rating (wrist & A3 arm, standard/optional): IP67 Additional equipment • Hose assembly (dress pack): transports electricity, air, or water from axis 1 to axis 6

Year of construction: 2016, operating hours: 24,285 h, condition: ready for operation (used), controller manufacturer: FANUC, overall weight: 4,400 kg, screw diameter: 36 mm, This FANUC Roboshot S150iA was manufactured in 2016. It is an electrical injection moulding machine featuring a screw diameter of 36mm and a closing force between 150-180 tons. It operates on a power supply of 200 V∼50/60 Hz or 220 V∼60 Hz. Consider the opportunity to buy this FANUC Roboshot S150iA electrical injection moulding machine. Contact us for more information. • Power supply: 200 V 50/60 Hz; 220 V 60 Hz • FLA (Full Load Amperage): 54.6 A • SCCR (Short-Circuit Current Rating): 5 kA • Increased closing force -> 180t • HOPPER FLANGE SET GR4 • I/O BASE UNIT • CABLE KIT • ANALOG OUTPUT MODULE ADA02A • 8-02 ANALOGUE CORE FUNCTION • CORE PULL 2-FOLD ANALOGUE_MOB • NOZZLE ADAPTER D16 M36X4/M24X1.5 • 7-01 EUROMAP 63 INTERFACE • NOZZLE TIP FOR ARBURG M24X1.5 Nwsdpsx Utzdjfx Afaof • Optional: Wittmann Handling

Year of construction: 2014, operating hours: 44,382 h, condition: ready for operation (used), controller manufacturer: FANUC, overall weight: 4,400 kg, screw diameter: 26 mm, This FANUC Roboshot S100iA was manufactured in 2014. It features a closing force of 100 tons and a screw diameter of 26mm. Weighing 4.4 tons, it operates on a power supply of 200 V~50/60 Hz or 220 V~60 Hz. Consider the opportunity to buy this FANUC Roboshot S100iA electrical injection moulding machine. Contact us for more information. Njdpfx Afjyam Hcsaowf • Power supply: 200 V AC, 50/60 Hz; 220 V AC, 60 Hz • Optional: Wittmann Handling

Condition: new, pressure: 100motor: 15daylight: 500stroke lenght (max.): 400table diamension: 800 x 600tappet area: 800 x 600table height: 850messurements (LxWxH): 1.300 x 2.000 x 2.750weight approx.: 5.500oil filling: 200 Control / Key switch:         1. setup mode Manual without light sensor(max. 10mm. /sec. speed). 2. automatic (full speed) with light sensor Main cylinder: Ø 230mm. Auxiliary cylinder: 2 pcs. Ø 50 x 30mm. Auxiliary guide: 2 pcs. Ø 50mm. Motor: 11kw. - 15hp. ( IE-3 ) Pump: 23Liter / ASC. Speed : flow 110mm./sec. - return 200mm./sec. - Pressure : 9 mm/sec. Installation height: 500mm. Stroke length: 400mm. Table top: 800 x 600 - (with T - grooves) Plunger plate: 800 x 600 - (with T - grooves) Table height: 850mm. (Floor to table top upper edge) ----- Nwodpfx Aem Nntysfajf Accessories Hydraulics:           Hydraulic control block & accessories: REXROTH Pressure adjustment via PLC.  (10 - 60 tons) Speed adjustable via PLC. Air cooler Pre-fill valve Accessories control: Siemens S7-1200 Main control box   Swivel control panel Safety PLC. - SICK Light sensors SICK 700 + 150mm. Linear scale for adjusting the stroke length 9 PLC screen - Siemens (German & English) Movable two-hand control Ethernet connection for remote maintenance Alarm annunciator for malfunctions (candlestick & sound) 2-fold workspace lighting 8 free ON & OFF buttons on the PLC. for external connections The press complies with the machine directives Hydraulic proportional valves Dual channel cable protection Instruction manual & parts list (German + English) With side safety door (doors can be moved backwards)