Used Müller 180/620 for sale (8,435)

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1986, Muller lathe, model 1500 - Max. turning diameter: 700 mm - Distance between centers: 1500 mm - Bore diameter: 72 mm - Year of manufacture: 1986 - Rapid traverse rate on the Z-axis (cross slide) Hodpfxezuvxcj Af Ssu

Condition: used, maximum load weight: 38,230 kg, overall weight: 48,000 kg, axle configuration: 3 axles, first registration: 06/2026, loading space length: 8,500 mm, loading space width: 2,520 mm, Müller-Mitteltal Low-loader with Wheel Recesses TS 3 RM ML 30.0, 2 Loading Heights and Ramps * Fifth wheel load increase from 12 t to 18 t incl. Kingpin mounted in: Second kingpin position 2", kingpin up to and incl. 5th wheel height 2,750 mm. Rear turning radius approx. 2,400 mm in clear width (a minimum clearance of 150 mm is recommended). Forward turning radius 1,480 mm or 1,570 mm with spare wheel. Note: Sufficient clearance to the Hedpfxjy R Ipuo Af Ssu towing vehicle must be ensured by the customer. * Extension parts for the wheel recesses at the front and bottom at the rear (205 mm deep). 6 pieces incl. insertion boards for wheel recesses at the rear. Board holder as receiving shafts according to code 09.112. Aluminum compressed air tank instead of steel. * Smartboard control box mounted on the trailer as an information tool with pressure sensors incl., exclusively for overall axle load display. Display option can be selected via the control box or in the truck via the EBS air suspension system (truck manufacturer-dependent). * ?SP-Combination Package: Tool box with 45° corners made of galvanized sheet steel, additionally powder-coated in RAL 9006 white aluminum, on the fifth wheel platform, W=2,480 x H=500 mm with a folding lid on top, side doors and sloping corners. Incl. aluminum side walls that can be folded down to the fifth wheel platform (500 mm high), aluminum rear wall plugged in (150 mm high), aluminum side panels painted inside and out in RAL 9006 white aluminum. Incl. rear uprights, foldable and detachable, galvanized (without topcoat). Incl. bolted front structure. Length of front cross member to 5th wheel height 3,935 mm. Forward turning radius, without spare wheel, at 5th wheel height 2,450 mm or 2,750 mm, approx. 1,750 mm or approx. 1,480 mm. * 2 container locking mechanisms recessed into the front cross member. * 3 receiving shafts under the fifth wheel platform for storing optional aluminum ramps or wooden planks for covering the wheel recesses. * Folding/extendable outrigger (galvanized) and wooden planks for widening incl. (not on the rear slope), plank holder on the fifth wheel platform (the track width of the load may be a maximum of 2,500 mm). * Second LED position light on the warning package at the front and rear (double lighting), only in combination with the warning package. * 2 LED reversing lights on the rear of the trailer, switched with reverse gear (suitable for 12 V and 24 V), max. 2 additional lights in total. * 7-pole socket on the rear, wired for overhang lighting with tail light (58 R) and ground. * Rubber mat on the loading ramp on the left and right (approx. 860 mm long) 190 07644 rubber strip, on the inner plank of the one-piece ramps. * Central lubrication system fully automatic with pump (24 V), grease tank and integrated trailer control, without connection to the ramps (in the case of steering: incl. connection of the distributor of the fifth wheel platform). Note: Only possible with towing vehicles with a 24 V lighting system! Intermediate sale and errors are expressly reserved! Sale exclusively subject to our general terms and conditions (AGB). Important note - Important information: Despite careful checking of all details in our offer, errors may occur. Some of these are caused by transmission errors in the systems of the various platform providers. Therefore, we would like to point out that all information is provided without guarantee and does not c

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1988, functionality: fully functional, pressing force: 630 t, table width: 2,500 mm, table length: 1,600 mm, overall weight: 100,000 kg, Equipment: safety light barrier, Müller ZE 625 4 Press A press in very good technical condition for sale from a liquidated stamping shop in Poland Modernized in 2020. New Simatic S7 control system and new electrical cabinet. Hjdpfx Aov Hp T Ujf Sju Optical barriers installed. Possibility to check the machine in operation - The press is still connected to the power supply. Müller ZE 625 4 Press A press in very good technical condition for sale from a liquidated stamping shop in Poland Modernized in 2020. New Simatic S7 control system and new electrical cabinet. Optical barriers installed as well. Possibility to check the machine in operation - The press is still connected to the power supply.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1985, I sell hydraulic press MÜLLER HEP 10.20.35, year of production 1985. the press worked until the very end in bdb condition. Review of the press in 2023. Hjdpfx Asudph Ijf Sju

Condition: new, functionality: fully functional, empty load weight: 300 kg, maximum load weight: 300 kg, Year of construction: 2025, operating hours: 25 h, Motor: 3kW. Lassú fordulat , fordulat: 200f/perc Bedobó: 400x400mm, Hsdpfx Aszay A Ref Ssu

Year of construction: 1995, condition: used, machine/vehicle number: 211045 H110, Response time: 133 ms, clamping force: 2,500 kN, control unit, two-hand operation, upstream light barrier, separate control cabinet, 1 workbench with a Garant two-jaw vise mounted on it, storage shelf. Hedpfx Afezqzcre Sju

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2007, Year of manufacture: 2007 Please contact Theo Lelie , , ) for more information Hodpfjzv Rmwjx Af Sju

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, empty load weight: 3,720 kg, maximum load weight: 14,280 kg, overall weight: 18,000 kg, axle configuration: 2 axles, first registration: 01/2025, next inspection (TÜV): 06/2027, suspension: air, tire size: 235/75 R 17,5, tire condition: 90 %, color: grey, Equipment: ABS, center pivot plate, Item number: 31046 Hsdpfsz Dvr Sjx Af Seu BPW axles Drum brakes Twin tires 235/75 R 17.5 Hydropneumatic tipping gear 2 pairs of UVV lashing eyes Pneumatically lowerable drawbar Lifting/lowering function ABS/EBS Toolbox Tool chest Work lights Duomatic coupling Side underrun protection Hot-dip galvanized 40 mm towing eye Leasing or financing options available upon request!

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2008, Manufacturer: Fritz Müller Machine type: Hydraulic drawing press Type: BZE 1200 – 35.1.1 Year of manufacture: 1972 General overhaul: 2008 Total drawing force, press ram: 1,000 – 12,000 kN Drawing force: 7,000 kN Holding force per cylinder: 200 – 1,250 kN Ram surface area: 3,500 × 2,200 mm Max. ram stroke: 1,330 mm Max. drawing depth: 430 mm Distance, table – holding cylinder, top dead center: 2,700 mm Distance, table – holding cylinder, bottom dead center: 1,420 mm Distance, table – ram, top dead center: 2,500 mm Distance, table – ram, bottom dead center: 1,200 / 1,600 mm Hydraulic table cushion, one-piece: Displacement force: 800 – 2,500 kN Stroke: 0 – 300 mm Cushion surface area: 2,700 × 1,200 mm Table clamping surface: 3,500 × 2,200 mm Clear width between guides: 3,550 mm Max. tool weight: 32 t Max. plate width: 2,200 mm Max. plate length: 1,600 mm Sheet metal thickness: 0.5 – 2.5 mm Feeding height above table: 650 – 900 mm Max. single part weight: 40 kg Max. stack height: 450 mm Max. weight per plate stack: 4.5 t Single or double plate feeding possible Hodpfx Afsy Ndz Rs Ssu Electronic double sheet control available Rapid descent speed: max. 500 mm/s, unregulated Working speed: 30 – 115 mm/s Return speed: 30 – 600 mm/s Documentation: No digital data available Drawings: Partially available as ink drawings; on-site inspection possible Packing lists: No packing lists with individual weights available

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1970, functionality: fully functional, MULLER MARTINI PERFECT LINE MACHINE LOT INCLUDES: Hedpszdyx Sjfx Af Sou PERFECT BINDER ROTORBINDER 10 CLAMPS (with extra stop system) GATHERING MACHINE WITH 12 STATIONS, MODELS 201 AND 2 (manual) TRANSFER SYSTEM TO ROTORBINDER THREE-KNIFE TRIMMER 3670, AUTOMATIC, WITH CASSETTE THE PRICE INCLUDES DISMANTLING AND LOADING ONTO A TRUCK OR CONTAINER.

Condition: used, maximum load weight: 10,080 kg, overall weight: 13,500 kg, axle configuration: 2 axles, first registration: 08/2017, loading space length: 5,000 mm, loading space width: 2,420 mm, loading space height: 500 mm, loading space volume: 6 m³, Year of construction: 2017, Equipment: ABS, Stock number 5820 Müller-Mitteltal 3-sided steel tandem tipping trailer / aluminum ramps / galvanized chassis / wide tires! ----* Manufacturer: Müller-Mitteltal * Type: KA-TA-R 13,5 * First registration: 08/2017 * Total weight: 13,500 kg * Unladen weight according to vehicle registration: 3,420 kg * Payload: 10,080 kg * Axles: 2 x Gigant / drum brakes * Suspension: leaf spring suspension * Tires: 385/55 R 19.5 approx. 50% on steel rims * EBS * Color: galvanized chassis, tipping body blue * Tipping body interior: approx. 6 m³ (5.00 m long x 2.42 m wide x 0.50 m high) * Extendable aluminum ramps Hjdpjzdm S Sjfx Af Sju * Towing hitch with 50 mm eye, height-adjustable * Tipping body with 4 pairs of foldable lashing eyes in the floor * Full-load support at the front * Additional supports at the rear (foldable) * Tool box at the front right * Quarter fenders * Load securing certificate * 1st owner German trailer!! German documents!! 1st owner!! Note regarding possible errors in the advertisement: Despite careful preparation of the advertisement, occasional errors may have crept into the text or the information provided. We assume no liability for errors, changes or interim sales. All information is provided without guarantee. Please contact us to verify details or clarify any further questions.

Year of construction: 2021, condition: used, MULLER MARTINI Casing-In Machine EMP 513 type K317 year 2021 For casing-in of flat spine book blocks into hard covers, as well as subsequent pressing and joint-forming of books. To be used as an individual machine. Configuration: copilot system with 2 touch screens block supply via feeding conveyor and star feeder case prestacking conveyor case magazine case bending machine case forming station casing-in gluing station with profile rollers and adjustable double glue application for the book joint area glue circulation system with pump EMP glue pump monitoring unit rubbing down unit and thin book device electronically heated 15° joint forming rails, controlled in pairs via regulator Hedpoyr Hk Sefx Af Seu quick-change system for joint forming rails 2 pressing stations heater monitoring unit servo-controlled drive technology based on Siemens SIMOTION D delivery to the left, transport of books lying flat Special equipment: photo book block splitter hotmelt nozzle gluing unit for joint gluing NORDSON premelter Code-Matching (comparison) between book block and case via data matrix code, barcode sensor: Cognex camera double case control special equipment for the processing of flexible cases Technical specifications: mechanical speed: up to 30 cycles/min size range book block max.: 280 x 375 x 80 mm size range book block max.: 305 x 375 x 30 mm size range book block min.: 100 x 100 x 2 mm size range opened case max.: 660 x 385 mm size range opened case min.: 210 x 105 mm thickness opened case max.: 7,0 mm thickness opened case min.: 0,1 mm size range finished book max.: 285 x 385 x 90 mm size range finished book max.: 315 x 385 x 30 mm size range finished book min.: 105 x 105 x 6 mm KOLBUS Transport Conveyor System year 2021

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2008, Perfect binding line Müller Martini Pantera (1577) Year: 2008-2000 Consisting of Gathering machine Müller Martini 1571 Year: 2000 Description: - Hand feeding station - Number of gathering stations: 12 - ASAC automatic self adjusting calliper - Excluding pump(s) - Set up element - Transfer into the binder Perfect binder Müller Martini Pantera (1577) Year: 2008 Description: - Colour monitor with touch screen - Hand feeding - Number of clamps: 12 - Milling and roughening station - Dust extraction system - PUR spine gluing unit - PUR premelter for PUR spine glue unit: MOD 30 POT (2007) - Hotmelt side glue - Premelter for side glue unit: Nordson Durablue 4 - Gauzing station - Drum cover feeder - Scoring station - Nipping and pressing station - Lay down device Transport system Müller Martini 3520 Year: 2008 Hjdoy R Ty Ejpfx Af Seu - Transport system, length (approx): 8 mtr Max. mechanical speed: up to 4.000 cycles/h Maximum size range: 380 x 320 x 50 mm Minimum size range: 120 x 100 x 2 mm Note!: Specifications are subject to typographical errors and changes in comparable models by the manufacturer! Documents

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2007, functionality: fully functional, Müller Martini Primera C130 gathering machine Year of manufacture: 2007 (2013) - 6 flat-pile feeders 0379 (2013) - sequential on/off switching - 1 cover feeder 0507 (2013) - ASIR 3 - SEMKO at the front and rear - First copy control - 1 stitching head 0383 (retrofitted, status 2013) - 2 standard stitching heads HK 75Q Hsdpfx Afjzdytco Sou - 2 loop stitching heads HK Oe Q6/8 - 1 three-knife trimmer 0449 (retrofitted, status 2013) - 1 central trimming unit - 1 cross-laying unit Perfetto - PIAB air system

Condition: used, empty load weight: 5,750 kg, maximum load weight: 24,250 kg, overall weight: 30,000 kg, axle configuration: 3 axles, first registration: 01/1993, suspension: steel, tire size: 235/75R17,5 141/140J, color: other, gearing type: other, front tire size: 235/75R17,5 141/140J, rear tire size: 235/75R17,5 141/140J, driver cabin: other, emission class: none, Equipment: ABS, compressed air brake, Customer vehicle. Subject to printing errors, errors and changes. Sample images. More details available at: ! Hsdpfx Afoz E E Tho Seu

Year of construction: 2021, condition: good (used), 1 complete granulation line, cutting/compacting/extruder combination, tangential, since 2021 only operated in a single shift using production waste, including DPE ground material/aluminum (pipe material). System consisting of: Hydraulic roller cutter, 140 cm width, for roller diameters up to 60 cm, 18.5 kW drive. Erema conveyor belt with metal detection bridge, 900 cm x 110 cm, with timer. Wagner WS30 shredder, 30 kW, rotor width 140 cm with hydraulic slide, rotor with 74 reversible cutting blades, discharge and inclined conveying screw. Roller feed for heavy rolls with cutting device in the longitudinal direction to relieve the mill, frequency inverter-controlled drive, 3.5 kW. Cutting mill with 11 kW, downstream for parallel operation with shredder/roller feed, suction/conveying fan to the buffer silo with agitator, frequency inverter-controlled for discharge rate/dust protection. Feed screw for ground material. Conveyor belt, L 9 m x W 80 cm, metal detection bridge, frequency inverter controlled via load detection from the cutting compactor. Conveying screw for 100% ground material, stainless steel, L 4.5 m and diameter 100 mm. Cutting compactor, 138 kW, frequency inverter controlled, suction fan, water spray cooling, tangential to extruder ES 180 mm 30 LD with 2-stage vacuum degassing, including: Laser filter LF with diameter 500 mm / 2-disc system, discharge screw for contaminants with timer, melt pressure sensor, spare screens: 60 mesh 2x, 70 mesh. Strand die, 26 holes - interchangeable dies, year of manufacture 2021, melt pressure sensor, complete overhaul/replacement of wear parts in January 2026. Strand cooling water tank, L 700 cm x W 70 cm, stainless steel. Strand rollers made of plastic with stainless steel ball bearings, height-adjustable, year of manufacture 2023. Strand granulator SG 200 E with 7.5 kW as well as 1 spare granulator 5.5 kW for quick replacement during overhaul or cleaning/maintenance work. Granulate classification sieve, stainless steel, including conveying fan and pipes. Hedpfx Aozb Dr Sjf Sju BIG BAG filling frame, 2-place, with ladder and platform. BIG BAG floor scale with receipt printer. Throughput material-dependent, up to 900 kg/h. Start-up, commissioning by our technicians, details and costs upon request - after consultation. Inspection in Wuppertal, appointment can be arranged shortly.

Condition: used, first registration: 11/2006, Year of construction: 2006, MÜLLER - MITTELTAL T4 Kompakt Turntable - Low-loader with air suspension and wheel recesses Hsdpfx Afjwmpbds Ssu - 4 x air-suspended GIGANT axles - air suspension - 4 x wheel recesses - mechanical loading ramps - 2 foldable rear supports - extendable warning panels - ABS - MICHELIN tyres: 235/75 R 17.5 - heavy-duty version: 40,000 kg GVW - unladen weight: 8,400 kg - overall length: 11,750 mm - 50 mm towing eye Particularly suitable for transporting lime milling machines! - German trailer - General inspection / safety test available on request and at extra cost! Subject to prior sale and errors!

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2001, Saddle stitcher Müller Martini Prima Amrys Year: 2001 (2018) Modernized in 2018 with a new B&R control system. Operation / Control - Digital display - Semi automatic setting Feeders - Number of chain stations: 12 - Horizontal signature feeders: 9x 370 (7x 2001, 2x 2006 - ASIR Automatic Signature Image Recognition: Asir III - Card gluer: 0423.0420 - Hotmelt glue unit: Robatech Concept B 5/2 - Cover feeder: 1529 (2002) - The feeder stations are without AMRYS. - Semco side thickness control: 0333.0426 - Pump(s): Air-centre Stitching unit Müller Martini Prima Amrys (0390) - Oblique sheet control - Stitching control Hedszhucyspfx Af Sju - AMRYS automatic make ready system - Stitching heads: 4x HK 75 - Delivery to the left - Reject gate, for incomplete products Trimmer Müller Martini 0361.0435 - AMRYS automatic make ready system - Sets of knives: 2 - Center cutting device Delivery Müller Martini Pratico 7524 Year: 1999 - Compensating stacker - Delivery to the left - The stacker is not equipped with AMRYS. Max. mechanical speed: up to 13.000 cycles/h Maximum size (uncutted): max.: 480 x 320 mm Maximum size (cutted): max.: 475 x 300 mm Minimum size (uncutted): min.: 153 x 108 mm Minimum size (cutted): min.: 148 x 105 mm Note!: Specifications are subject to typographical errors and changes in comparable models by the manufacturer!

Condition: excellent (used), Offer consisting of: Equipment Collating machine * Müller Martini ZTM 1571 with ASIR * 14 stations * Year of construction 2001 * 1 manual station * Outfeed gate 1572 (year of construction 2005) * 1 positioning element Perfect binder Acoro A5 * Milling and spine processing station * Hotmelt spine gluing unit with an 80-liter pre-melter * Hotmelt side gluing unit with an 18-liter pre-melter * Drum transfer feeder * Pressing station * Lay-down device * Drying section approx. 30 m Three-knife trimmer Müller Martini Merit-S * Year of construction 1998 * Infeed on the right * Pressing ram * Cutting cassettes No. 1–21 * 2 sets of knives Cross cutter CB-16 * Year of construction 1997 * Mobile base machine * Infeed belt with top belts * Turret for stack heights up to 240 mm * Pneumatic slide opening * Retractable ejector Additional equipment * Nordson PUR pre-melter (year of construction 2001) * PUR spine gluing unit * Special spine processing “Fibre Rougher” (new part) * Additional sets of knives for the three-knife trimmer Notes * Compressed air supply (6 bar), compressed air, vacuum and chip extraction required on site. * Inspection possible at any time by appointment. * Assistance with loading can be arranged. Hjdjzivbaopfx Af Seu

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1999, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 133365 40, Maximum size: 510 x 310 mm (or 510 x 310 x 60 mm) Minimum size: 140 x 100 mm (or minimum trimmed width of 70 mm) Book/book block thickness: Max. 60 mm, min. 3 mm Production speed: Max. 12,000 cycles per hour Cover size: Max. 642 mm, min. 203 mm Equipment: Touchscreen control panel, motorized size adjustment, cutting cassettes, and central lubrication Well-maintained machine currently in production. Prior to sale, the machine will be dismantled and prepared for delivery. Please do not hesitate to contact us for more information. Hodpfx Asz Dfniof Sou

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, empty load weight: 10,210 kg, maximum load weight: 35,790 kg, overall weight: 46,000 kg, axle configuration: 3 axles, first registration: 01/2025, next inspection (TÜV): 01/2027, loading space length: 8,500 mm, loading space width: 2,525 mm, suspension: air, tire size: 235/75, tire condition: 80 %, color: silver, Equipment: ABS, Object number #31045 BPW axles Steering axle A3 Lift axle Hjdpfx Aoz Dwdcef Seu Drum brake Tires 235/75 R 17.5 Low-loader 8,500 x 2,525 mm Platform, front, including ramp 3,300 x 2,495 x 500 mm Hydraulic ramps 4.65 x 0.72 m Excavator arm rest Bucket recess 2 pairs of wheel recesses 4x extendable warning signs Wabco Smart Board Can be widened to 3,000 mm Various heavy-duty tie-down straps ABS/EBS Raise/Lower LT aluminum support legs 2x rear support Work lights Side underrun protection Rotating beacon Perforated outer frame, platform, front Leasing or financing possible upon request!!!

Condition: used, maximum load weight: 29,850 kg, overall weight: 32,000 kg, axle configuration: 2 axles, first registration: 07/2012, next inspection (TÜV): 10/2028, Year of construction: 2012, Internal vehicle number: G300402 Available immediately at our yard in Kaufungen. More information: Hedpfjxy Ul Ssx Af Ssu * Golec Nutzfahrzeuge GmbH (German, English, Bulgarian, Russian) * Viktoria Sologubova (Polish, Russian, Ukrainian, English) Year of manufacture: 2012 Unladen weight of the semi-trailer: 6,530 kg Concrete mixer semi-trailer LIEBHERR 10 m³ Errors and omissions excepted. We will gladly accept your used vehicle as a trade-in. Financing is available directly with us. GOLEC NUTZFAHRZEUGE GMBH We speak: German, English, Spanish, Polish, Ukrainian, Russian, Bulgarian.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1975, functionality: fully functional, throat depth: 450 mm, Very good condition! With gearbox: Capacity: 300 t Strokes: 35 spm Throat depth: 450 mm - Pneumatic clutch - Ram weight balance Hodezxmimspfx Af Seu Ram stroke: 20 - 140 mm Ram adjustment: 80 mm Motor power: 30 HP

Condition: used, axle configuration: 2 axles, total width: 25,000 mm, total height: 40,000 mm, Year of construction: 2014, Equipment: ABS, For inquiries regarding the vehicle, Mr. Seidel will assist you (by telephone). MÜLLER MITTELTAL SF32BM/BT Concrete Mixer Semi-Trailer Superstructure: Liebherr HTM 1004 10m³, BPW axles, drum brakes, spring-loaded brakes, Wabco ABS, 1st axle liftable, air suspension, permissible total weight: 32,000 kg, unladen weight: 6,510 kg, payload: 25,490 kg, tire tread depth: 1st axle 14-15mm, 2nd axle 10mm Upon request, we can provide you with a leasing or financing offer. Mr. Seidel (tel.) is happy to assist you. Further information can be found on our homepage. Hodpfsyfu Sdex Af Sju ... Subject to errors, changes, and prior sale!!! = Further Information = GVW: 32,000 kg Please contact Tobias Ebert for further information.

Condition: excellent (used), CATALOGUE NUMBER: 72133 TECHNICAL DATA - max. cutting height 180mm - track width 400mm - shaft width 370mm - shaft diameter 60mm - max. blade diameter 300mm - blade bore diameter 80mm - min. workpiece length 630mm - max. workpiece width 600mm From above: - pneumatic pressure roller - pawls - pressure shaft, metal, 2 pcs - pawls - saw shaft Hodpfx Afjzrmn Ao Sou - pressure shaft, smooth - pawls - pressure shaft, smooth From below: - metal shaft, driving, toothed, 2 pcs - pawls - track - saw shaft - track - stepless feed speed control via frequency converter - main motors 2x55kW - feed motor 4kW - hydraulic lifting of the machine body up/down - hydraulic adjustment of the saw shafts - pump motor 0.37kW - central lubrication - diameter of the dust extraction nozzle 1x300mm, 1x380mm - dimensions L/W/H 3200x2350x2000mm - weight approximately 5500kg ADVANTAGES - Made in Italy - Two-shaft - Multi-blade saw, used, very good condition Net price: 238900 PLN Net price: 55558 EUR Net price calculated according to an exchange rate of 4.3 PLN/EUR (price may change in case of significant exchange rate fluctuations)