Used Knuth Rsm 1000 for sale (8,704)

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2015, travel distance X-axis: 640 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 400 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 500 mm, controller manufacturer: SIEMENS, controller model: 828, spindle speed (max.): 8,000 rpm, number of axes: 3, This 3-axis KNUTH XMILL 640 was manufactured in 2015. It features a Siemens 828 control, a spindle speed of 8,000 rpm, and a BT40 spindle taper. The table size is 750 × 360 mm, and it includes an 18-tool changer. If you are looking to get high-quality milling capabilities, consider the KNUTH XMILL 640 machine we have for sale. Contact us for more information. Godpozvu U Eefx Ak Uoug • Rotary axes: No • Tool changer: 18 tools • Table size: 750 × 360 mm • Optical scales: No • Other options: 20 bar through-spindle coolant Technical Specification Taper Size BT 40

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2021, functionality: fully functional, overall weight: 3,700 kg, type of input current: three-phase, Equipment: documentation/manual, For sale: BERNARDO URS 1000 N universal cylindrical grinding machine, year of manufacture 2021. The machine is virtually new and has only been used a few times. It was originally purchased as part of an expansion of our machining capabilities. Following a change in the company's business profile, the machine was not put into regular production. The sale is therefore not related to any technical fault or machine failure. The machine is in excellent condition with minimal signs of use. It is designed for precision external cylindrical grinding as well as internal grinding. With a distance between centres of 1000 mm and a grinding diameter of up to 320 mm, it is suitable for toolrooms, machining companies, shaft production and refurbishment, machine-part manufacturing and small-batch production. Direct sale by the machine owner – SAWA Electronic, Poland. Guedszz Nbwepfx Ak Usg Main technical data: year of manufacture: 2021 distance between centres: 1000 mm centre height: 180 mm external grinding diameter: 8–320 mm maximum workpiece weight: 150 kg internal grinding diameter: 30/35–100 mm maximum internal grinding depth: 125 mm workhead spindle speed: 25–220 rpm grinding wheel: 400 × 50 × 203 mm grinding spindle speed: 1670 rpm internal grinding spindle speed: 10,000 rpm grinding head swivel range: ±30° hydraulic table feed digital position readout power supply: 400 V machine weight: approx. 3700 kg overall dimensions: approx. 3700 × 1900 × 1500 mm Equipment includes: internal grinding attachment 3-jaw chuck Ø200 mm steady rests coolant system digital readout grinding wheel dressing device grinding wheel balancing equipment Price: PLN 75,000 net + VAT Price: EUR 17,500 net + VAT Machine location: Regimin, Mazowieckie, Poland. Inspection and machine demonstration possible by prior arrangement.

Condition: good (used), Heiber Schröder CE 1000-2 Tray forming machine Two-lane machine, manufactured by Heiber & Schröder, Germany. Guedpfx Akozz Hgko Usg Manufactured in 2011. Description: The machine can produce packaging such as trays, trays with lids, leak-proof trays (sealed – lined with PE film on the inside), clam-shell (hamburger), French fries (fries), Chinese food (conical), and more. Includes documentation, tools, accessories, and a Nordson hot and cold glue system.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2023, functionality: fully functional, Brother W-1000 XD1, Year of manufacture 2023 / Commissioned 2024, CNC control system, X/Y travel 1000/500 mm, Z travel 480 mm + column extension of 150 mm, 4-axis NC swivel head Brother T 200 with counter bearing, Spindle speed up to 16,000 rpm, BBT 30 tool holder, High-speed tool changer, 21 positions, Internal coolant pressure 15 bar, Side loading by robot, Twin chip disposal system, Extraction system, 2 x rotary joint, 4 channels, Workpiece clamping pressure 80 - 210 bar, Gjdpezzlmcjfx Ak Ueug Tool breakage monitoring Renishaw, Robot interface, Part clamping control, Robot cell, Fanuc robot, 6 axes - payload 25 kg, Automatic part loading and unloading via a 212-station pallet system.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2002, Drilling and Milling Machine Manufacturer: KNUTH Type: TBF 500 Year: 2002 with coordinate table Spindle taper: MK4 Spindle speeds: 125-2500 rpm Motor power: 1.1 kW Table travel: X 500 mm, Y 160 mm Max. installation height: 300 mm Spindle stroke: 130 mm Godpfx Asy Spubsk Uoug Table size: 200 mm x 730 mm Machine dimensions: Width 1000 mm, Depth 800 mm, Height 1800 mm, Weight approx. 350 kg In good condition.

Condition: like new (used), operating hours: 10 h, functionality: fully functional, Horizontal surface grinding machine KNUTH Type HFS 2550 n VC Table: 500 x 250 mm Grinding length: 560 mm Grinding width: 275 mm Distance between table and spindle axis: 450 mm Automatic feed Magnetic table Gusdpszquawofx Ak Ujg Coolant system

Condition: refurbished (used), Year of construction: 2015, functionality: fully functional, rotor diameter: 600 mm, rotor width: 1,000 mm, year of last overhaul: 2026, Shredding mill, heavy-duty version Manufacturer: NEUE HERBOLD, D-74889 Sinsheim Drive: 75 kW Guedpfxjz Ak A Es Ak Ueg Hopper: Conveyor belt hopper Working width: 1000 mm Rotor diameter: 600 mm Year of manufacture: 2015, completely overhauled with - new rotor - new hopper - new base frame Examples of applications: Shredding of solid lumps, start-up blocks, profiles, beverage crates, boxes, vegetable crates, etc.

Condition: used, Max. swing over bed: 615mm, max. swing over cross slide: 345mm, distance between centers: 3000mm, spindle bore: 70mm, spindle taper: MT5, forward speed steps: 18, forward speed range: 14-750rpm, reverse speed steps: 9, reverse speed range: 21-857rpm, standard longitudinal feed: 32 steps, 0.1-1.42mm/rev, standard cross feed: 32 steps, 0.03-0.46mm/rev, fine longitudinal feed: 8 steps, 0.048-0.089mm/rev, fine cross feed: 8 steps, 0.015-0.028mm/rev, coarse longitudinal feed: 32 steps, 1.52-2.28mm/rev, coarse cross feed: 32 steps, 0.48-7.2mm/rev, rapid traverse longitudinal: 6m/min, rapid traverse cross: 2m/min, metric threads: 54, range: 1-240mm, Whitworth threads: 37, range: 1-28threads/inch, compound slide travel: 230mm, cross slide travel: 400mm, distance from spindle center to tool holder: 32mm, tool dimensions: 30x30mm, tailstock quill diameter: 100mm, tailstock taper: MT5, quill travel: 205mm, bed width: 490mm, main motor power: 11kW at 1450rpm, rapid traverse motor power: 0.12kW at 1450rpm, coolant motor power: 0.09kW, coolant delivery rate: 25l/min, length: 5500mm, width: 1500mm, height: 1300mm, weight: 4.7t, with documentation. An on-site inspection is possible. Gusdpfx Akszzqbfj Uog

Condition: good (used), Distance between points 1000 mm Stitch height 230 mm Main motor power 9.2 Kw Working wheel dimensions (h x w x d x w) 500x80x203.2 mm Ø max to grind 460 mm Tailstock cone MORSE 4 MORSE 5 tailstock nose cone Max. Z-axis travel 1115 mm Max. X-axis travel 260 mm Approx dimensions (length x width) 440x370 cm Gujdotrgnzepfx Ak Usg Approx. weight 4700 Kg

Condition: ready for operation (used), CAP30 APPLICATOR 1000 HELICAP23 PRO: YOM 2013 VERSION 300v Gujdpfx Ajw Nqn Nsk Ueg 15.000 RUNNING HOURS PRICE 140.000 EUR FCA POLAND EXCELLENT CONDITION, READY FOR SHIPPING

Condition: refurbished (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2013, total length: 2,868 mm, total height: 2,102 mm, total width: 1,960 mm, overall weight: 2,200 kg, Hello, we are selling several 3D printers from an insolvency estate. All are professional-grade devices from the automotive development and design sector. This listing features the Stratasys Objet 1000 / J4100 from 2013. The printer underwent a mechanical overhaul by Stratasys in 2025 and was updated to the latest standards electronically and in terms of software. This upgrade cost approximately EUR 135,000. Accessories such as a replacement print bed with a mobile lifting frame and various spare parts are included. Consumables can be purchased additionally at a favorable price. This is a stereolithography printer, meaning liquid resin is cured using UV/laser technology, creating the component layer by layer with extremely high detail, precision, and excellent surface quality. Thus, it is an absolute professional-grade device that can, for example, print multi-colored automotive lights with a clear glass appearance. A new device in this print volume size currently costs well over EUR 350,000 (net). Technical data: Build volume/build size max: 1,000 × 800 × 500 mm Layer thickness up to 27 microns Gusdpfx Aoz Ahq Tjk Ujg High speed: up to 3 base resins, 27 µm resolution Super high speed: 1 base resin, 55 µm resolution PolyJet UV technology 110–240 V Dimensions: 2,870 x 1,960 x 2,105 mm Weight: 2,200 kg The price is ex works; we can arrange loading. We also offer worldwide shipping and the necessary customs documents, for an additional fee. The device can be inspected at our warehouse. Price includes VAT; invoice with VAT shown separately. !! Sale only to business customers, without warranty, no guarantee, no exchange, sold as is. Further description from the manufacturer: Create large or small production tools and full-size prototypes. Maximize your productivity and achieve a quick ROI with the Stratasys J4100™ 3D printer. Its multi-material capability, high throughput, and extra-large build platform enable faster, smarter, and more precise workflows. Thanks to PolyJet Technology™, this powerful system enables engineers, manufacturers, and designers to 3D print any design – no matter how complex or detailed. The size of the parts is irrelevant: the J4100 prints both large and small prototypes with equal precision. Print large parts with a length of over a meter in a single print job. This eliminates the need to split large CAD files and later assemble the parts. Print many parts in a single print job and benefit from competitive unit costs. The reliable and user-friendly J4100 enables you to produce parts that are ready for use with minimal or no post-processing. The support material can be quickly removed with a water jet, and for most applications, the smooth, multi-material parts do not require polishing or painting.

Condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2023, Operating hours: approx. 3,000 h Gedpfxoy Nl U Se Ak Usug

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1995, x-travel 300 mm y-travel 200 mm z-travel 350 mm tool taper SK40 spindle turning speed range 110 - 1230 U/min table-size 270 x 700 mm total power requirement 3,7 kW weight of the machine ca. 900 kg dimensions of the machine ca. 1400 x 1400 x 1700 mm Features: - 3-axis digital display - Milling head swivels ± 45 degrees - Coolant system Gujdjzx Hfbspfx Ak Usg - User manual

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2017, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 163190, grinding length: 600 mm, grinding width: 300 mm, workpiece weight (max.): 270 kg, grinding wheel diameter: 350 mm, distance table to spindle center: 565 mm, Like-new horizontal surface grinding machine with few operating hours! TECHNICAL DETAILS Grinding area Grinding length: 600 mm Grinding width: 300 mm Work table and workpiece load Table dimensions: 300 mm × 630 mm Maximum workpiece weight: 270 kg Distance spindle axis – table surface: 565 mm Travel distances and feeds Travel distance X-axis: 765 mm Travel distance Y-axis: 340 mm Scale ring graduation Y-axis: 0.02 mm Scale ring graduation Z-axis: 0.005 mm Automatic transverse feed Z-axis: 0.1–8 mm Feeds and rapid traverses Hydraulic feed X-axis: 7–23 m/min Rapid traverse Y-axis: 990 mm/min Rapid traverse Z-axis: 460 mm/min Grinding wheel Grinding wheel dimensions: 350 mm × 40 mm × 127 mm MACHINE DETAILS Control type: Conventional 2-axis position indicator: KNUTH Xpos 3.1 Motor power grinding spindle: 5.5 kW Total power requirement: 7 kW Dimensions & Weight Machine dimensions: 2,800 mm × 2,200 mm × 1,890 mm Machine weight: approx. 2.7 t EQUIPMENT 2-axis position indicator KNUTH Xpos 3.1 Grinding wheel Gedpfx Aezqcvgok Usug Grinding wheel flange Balancing arbour Balancing stand Halogen work light Magnetic chuck 600 mm × 300 mm Adjustment screws Operating tool Automatic transverse and longitudinal feed Hydraulic table longitudinal movement Double V-guides for the longitudinal movement Combined V- and flat guides for the transverse movement Hardened and ground table guide rails with PTFE counter coating Grinding spindle with maintenance-free, preloaded precision angular ball bearings External hydraulic unit Automatic central lubrication

Condition: good (used), operating hours: 200 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: H05107, Bench drill press Knuth SSB 50nSuper MK 4 WORK AREA Drilling capacity 50 mm Threading capacity, steel M 30 Table clamping surface 580 mm x 460 mm Quill stroke 200 mm Manual table travel 515 mm Guodpozqt U Hefx Ak Usg Motorized table travel 405 mm Table swivel range (max.) ± 50° Column diameter 180 mm Distance from spindle nose to table surface 575 mm Distance from spindle nose to base 1165 mm Overhang 360 mm MAIN SPINDLE Speed range 50 rpm - 2000 rpm Spindle taper 4 MK FEED Quill feeds 0.08; 0.12; 0.17; 0.24; 0.35; 0.50 mm/rev

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2015, travel distance X-axis: 640 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 400 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 500 mm, controller manufacturer: SIEMENS, controller model: 828D, total height: 2,300 mm, total width: 1,800 mm, table width: 750 mm, table length: 360 mm, table load: 300 kg, overall weight: 4,200 kg, spindle speed (max.): 8,000 rpm, spindle motor power: 7,500 W, product length (max.): 2,300 mm, number of axes: 3, This 3-axis KNUTH X-Mill 640 was manufactured in 2015. It features a travel of 640 mm on the X-axis, 400 mm on the Y-axis, and 500 mm on the Z-axis. The machine is equipped with a Siemens 828D control unit and a 16-fold double-arm tool changer. If you are looking to get high-quality machining capabilities, consider the KNUTH X-Mill 640 vertical machining centre we have for sale. Contact us for further details. Guedpfx Akszrnvue Usg - Table Height from Floor: 850 mm- T-Slots (Number / Width / Distance): 3 / 18 mm / 100 mm- Spindle Speed: 60 - 8000 rpm- Distance Spindle to Vertical Guide Way: 430 mm- Main Motor Power: 7.5 / 11 kW- Total Power: 10.00 kW- Feed Rate: 5 - 5000 mm/min- Rapid Feed Rate: 15000 mm/min- Positioning Accuracy: 0.01 mm- Repeatability: 0.005 mm- Machine Weight: 2500 kg (Manual lifting specification) / 4200 kg- Operating Voltage: 400 V / 440 V, 3-Phase, 50/60 Hz- Operating Temperature: 0°C ~ 45°C- Pneumatic Operating Pressure: >= 0.6 MPa (6 kg/cm²)- Operating Setup Time: 186,488- Tool Changer: 16-fold double-arm tool changer- Standard & Included Accessories: Siemens 828D control, electronic handwheel, spiral chip conveyor, servo drives for all 3 axes, 16-position tool changer, pneumatic tool clamping, air conditioning, fully enclosed work area, work light, Ethernet, USB interface, sloping chip tray, automatic central lubrication, spindle oil cooling, operating tools, operating instructions, X.div CNC rotary table 170 mm with manual tailstock for Siemens control, 6" manual chuck for X.div, BT40/B16 and BT40/B18 drill chuck mounts, MAS BT40-ER40-80 collet chuck, 15-piece ER40 collet set (3-26 mm), BT40 combination mandrels (Ø22, Ø27, Ø32 mm), WELDON BT40 milling chucks (Ø6, Ø8, Ø10, Ø12, Ø16, Ø20 mm) Technical Specification Taper Size BT 40

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2021, machine/vehicle number: 168600, Reference No. 26029 Technical Data: - Max. cutting width: 2080 mm - Max. cutting capacity at 45 Kp/mm²: 6 mm - Throat depth: 150 mm - Automatic cutting angle adjustment: 0.3 – 2° - Automatic cutting gap adjustment - Number of hold-downs: 10 pcs - Strokes per minute: up to 22 1/min - Front angle gauge approx.: - 2 front support arms approx.: - Motorized backgauge with positioning control up to 1000 mm - Rear area safety device with light barrier Gujdeywhuwspfx Ak Uog - Cutting line illumination - Working height: 860 mm - Electric foot switch - Drive: 400 V / 11 kW - Space requirement approx.: W 3150 x H 2150 x D 2300 mm - Weight approx.: 4.8 t

Year of construction: 2007, condition: used, Colour: White Empty weight: 2.500 kg Dimensions (LxBxH): 170 x 210 x 230 cm Price: On request - Year: 2007 - Documentation available: Yes - CE marking present: Yes - CE certificate present: No - Serial number: 750283 - Drive system: CNC - Control system brand: Siemens - Control system type: Sinumerik 802D - Power [kW]: 7.0 - Number of axes [pcs]: 3 - X-axis travel [mm]: 450 - Y-axis travel [mm]: 300 - Z-axis travel [mm]: 400 - Table length [mm]: 920 - Table width [mm]: 280 Gsdpfx Ajwnip Rek Usug - Tool holder: ISO40 - Min. spindle speed [rpm]: 100 - Max. spindle speed [rpm]: 8000 - Transport dimensions: 1700mm x 2100mm x 2300mm (l x w x h) - Transport weight [kg]: 2500kg - Transport packages [pcs.]: 1 Financial information VAT: The price shown is exclusive of VAT VAT/margin: VAT deductible for entrepreneurs Delivery and trade-in always possible for everything in the industrial sectors Lukas van Rossum

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2007, x-travel 350 mm y-travel 210 mm Guedpfx Aszk Rczek Ujg z-travel . mm digital readout ja table surface area 800x 240 mm turning speeds 115-1750 U/min feed . m/min throat . mm spindle stroke . mm The tech. Data are manufacturer or operator information and therefore non- binding. We reserve the right to prior sale; Our terms and conditions of sale apply exclusively. About us More than 400 of our own machines in stock Over 15,000 m² of storage space, 70 t crane capacity More than 10,000 items and accessories for your workshop If you are interested in selling machines, production lines, or your business, please contact us. You can find further offers on our website. Tours are possible by appointment. We look forward to your visit. Your Markus Hirsch Team

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1972, Turntable diameter: 1000 mm Torque at the spindle: 900 Total power requirement: 17 kW Gedpjz Akadjfx Ak Ueug Machine weight (approx.): 6.1 t

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2018, spindle speed (max.): 1,600 rpm, travel distance X-axis: 315 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 127 mm, number of axes: 3, This 3-axis KNUTH Turnado 280/1500 was manufactured in 2018. It features a distance between centers of 1,420 mm and a swing over bed of 560 mm. The machine is equipped with a spindle speed range of 25 – 1,600 rpm and includes a 3-axis Digital Readout (DRO) and a quick change tool post. If you are looking to get high-quality turning capabilities, consider the KNUTH Turnado 280/1500 horizontal turning machine we have for sale. Contact us for further details. Technical specifications • Distance between centers: 1,420 mm • Swing over bed: 560 mm • Swing over cross slide: 360 mm • Swing in gap: 790 mm • Gap length: 180 mm • Bed width: 350 mmTravels • Compound slide swivel: ±52°Spindle • Spindle nose: Camlock D1-8 • Spindle bore: 80 mm • Spindle taper: MT7 • Number of spindle speeds: 12Feed rates • Longitudinal feed: 0.059–1.646 mm/rev Gsdpfxjzgfqfe Ak Uoug • Cross feed: 0.020–0.573 mm/revThread cutting • Metric threads: 0.2–14 mm (47 ranges) • Module threads: 0.1–7 mm (39 ranges) • Whitworth threads: 2–112 TPI (60 ranges) • Diametral pitch threads: 4–112 DP (50 ranges)Tailstock • Tailstock taper: MT5 • Tailstock quill diameter: 76 mm • Tailstock quill stroke: 180 mm • Tailstock offset adjustment: ±12 mmMachine data • Main motor power: 7.8 kW • Voltage: 400 V • Frequency: 50/60 Hz Additional equipment • 3-axis Digital Readout (DRO) • Quick Change Tool Post • Chip conveyor • Extensive standard tooling package Technical Specification Counter Spindle Yes Driven Tools No

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2020, functionality: fully functional, Center height 230 mm Center distance 1500 mm Swing diameter over bed 465 mm Swing diameter over cross slide 270 mm Swing diameter in bed bridge 690 mm Bed bridge length 240 mm Spindle bore diameter 58 mm Spindle head CAMLOCK D1-6 Spindle bore taper Morse 6 Speed ​​range 25 – 2000 rpm (12 speeds) Tailstock taper Morse 4 Tailstock sleeve travel 128 mm Motor power 5.5 kW Machine weight 1720 kgs Machine dimensions: 2700 x 1080 x 1370 mm Accessories - 3-axis DRO system Guedsy Duy Hjpfx Ak Uog - 3-jaw chuck - 4-jaw independent chuck - Faceplate - Steady rest - Traveling rest - Wrenches - Cooling water equipment - MULTIFIX knife holder with inserts - Tool case - Tools, wrenches - Cutting tools - Manuals and CD The lathe is in near-new condition and has hardly been used. It is powered up in our workshop.

Condition: ready for operation (used), TETRA PAK COMPLETE FILLING LINE, INCLUDES: Gjdpfjxz Eztsx Ak Usug - TBA/8-1000 SLIM FILLER, VERSION 120, YOM 2009, 27.000 RUNNING HOURS - CAP30 HELICAP23 100V CAP APPLICATOR - TCBP70 WRAP AROUND PACKER, V110 WITH RENOVATED EL. BOX - EASY RIDE ACCUMULATOR - CONVEYOURS SYSTEM EXCELLENT CONDITION, STILL RUNNING

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2017, Arburg 420C 1000-290 e² / Hybrid machine / Production line with Arburg Multilift Select robot Year of manufacture: 03.2017 Injection unit: Screw diameter: 30 mm Shot weight: 97 g Injection pressure: 2500 bar Dosing volume: 106 ccm Clamping unit: Clamping force: 100 t Tie bar spacing: 420x420 mm Platen size: 570x570 mm Ejector: hydraulic Clamping unit: hydraulic Control system: SELOGICA - Touchscreen Guodpszy I Dnsfx Ak Usg Additional equipment: Machine in very good technical condition Operating hours: 20,669 h in automatic operation Hybrid machine: energy-saving and very quiet Euromap 67 Robot interface Air valve x 2 Hydraulic core pull x 2 Control system with hot runner system x 8 Injection unit hardened - bimetal Main motor of the machine - driven by a servo motor with inverter - energy saving Proportional valve on the injection unit – precise injection Outputs for: closing of the pneumatic nozzle and dosing device Arburg Multilift Select 6kg robot, traverse Year of manufacture: 11.2016 5-axis robot: 3 axes are driven by servo motors (electric); Axis C - pneumatic, Axis B - rotation Travel ranges in axes: X-400, Y-600, Z-1000 Robot with adapter, conveyor belt and protective housing Purchase of the robot and conveyor belt for an additional charge Dimensions: Weight: 3720 kg Length/Width/Height: 4.30x1.63x2.07 m All offered machines are started by our service technicians before sale. It is possible to obtain a video of the technical tests of the selected machine or to participate in technical live tests at our company in Łódź. Price: On request

Condition: excellent (used), Catalogue number 7268 TECHNICAL DATA - Loading hopper dimensions (top) L/W: 1000x600mm - Loading hopper dimensions (bottom) L/W: 650x600mm - Rotor width: 570mm - Motor: 15kW - Screen: 16x12mm - Knife size: 40x70mm - Number of knives: 18 pcs - Autoreverse - Pressure drawer - Pump motor: 0.75kW - Dimensions L/W/H: 1900x1450x1450mm - Weight: 1040kg ADVANTAGES – German production – Not repainted – Very good condition – Used shredder Original photos Video of machine start-up: youtube.com/watch?v=fSKMkMPlp-8 Net price: 29,900 PLN Net price: 7,120 EUR (based on rate 4.2 PLN/EUR) Gujdpfxezxhh Do Ak Usg (Prices may vary with currency fluctuations)