Used Uddemann Lu for sale (4,099)

Condition: good (used), hydraulic rope hoist, hoist, grab hoist, hydraulic cylinder for rope Laedpfsffm D Nex Ah Eec -hydraulically operated: cable pull -Max. Pulling force: 12 t -each: 1 pull cylinder with accessories -Number: 2 pieces -Price: per piece -Dimension: Ø 115 x 685 mm -Weight: 28 kg/piece

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2024, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 245988600001002, nominal power: 378.4 kW (514.48 HP), total length: 6,900 mm, total width: 1,100 mm, total height: 2,300 mm, type of cooling: air, Brand new Lu-ve EAV80-90 air-cooled condenser for Freon. We can supply this condenser with matching fans. The condenser block has minor transport damage. Ljdpsx A Ta Tofx Ah Eoac The condenser has a capacity of 378.4 kW at an air flow rate of 80,000 m³/h. Specifications: Brand: Lu-Ve Model: EAV80-90 Product type: air-cooled condenser Capacity: 378.4 kW (based on an air flow of 80,000 m³/h) Number of fans: 6 Refrigerant: Freon Surface area: 716.1 m² Dimensions: 6900x1100x2300 mm (LxWxH) Weight: 1047 kg Year of manufacture: 2024

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, functionality: fully functional, NEW LU-VE aircooled condenser Rated capacity at 45/35C°, R404a = 360,94KW 8 x fans 800diam., 660rpm each Ljdpoxu Ek Isfx Ah Ejac

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2023, operating hours: 100 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 6LUD00308, travel distance X-axis: 620 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 520 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 460 mm, rapid traverse X-axis: 36 m/min, rapid traverse Y-axis: 36 m/min, rapid traverse Z-axis: 36 m/min, nominal power (apparent): 45 kVA, torque: 180 Nm, controller manufacturer: Siemens, controller model: Sinumerik 840D, workpiece height (max.): 430 mm, workpiece diameter (max.): 580 mm, workpiece weight (max.): 300 kg, total height: 3,300 mm, total length: 3,225 mm, total width: 2,256 mm, table load: 300 kg, rotary table diameter: 500 mm, overall weight: 8,500 kg, spindle speed (min.): 5 rpm, spindle speed (max.): 15,000 rpm, operating hours of spindle: 40 h, coolant supply: 42 bar, distance table center to spindle nose: 150 mm, spindle motor power: 3,400 W, number of spindles: 1, number of slots in tool magazine: 60, tool length: 250 mm, tool diameter: 127 mm, tool weight: 7,000 g, coolant supply through spindle: 42 bar, swivel angle B-axis (min.): -50 °, swivel angle B-axis (max.): 110 °, swivel angle C-axis (max.): 360 °, number of axes: 5, Equipment: chip conveyor, documentation/manual, rotational speed infinitely variable, An Era Ends: Our Last Siemens 840D on the LU 620 With the introduction of the new Siemens SINUMERIK ONE, the proven 840D control system is now available in combination with our LU 620 just once. Demonstration Machine at Used Machine Price Equipment of the Axon LU 620 - Siemens 840D – 5-Axis Simultaneous - Heidenhain glass scales on all 5 axes - Kinematic Optimizer Lasdpfezdf Hvjx Ah Eoc - 15,000 rpm Direct Drive spindle with 34 kW and max. 180 Nm (25% duty cycle) - Production Package I with 42 bar through-spindle coolant (IKZ) - Air through spindle - Media supply through the center of the table - Automatic workpiece measurement Renishaw OMP 40 - Blum NT A-3 Split laser tool breakage detection - Paper band filter system - Spindle ring flush system - Automatic side door - 60-tool magazine – SK40 - Scraper belt chip conveyor - Chip rinsing system - Extraction unit

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2024, operating hours: 60 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 6LUE00127, travel distance X-axis: 800 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 900 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 620 mm, rapid traverse X-axis: 48 m/min, rapid traverse Y-axis: 48 m/min, rapid traverse Z-axis: 48 m/min, torque: 180 Nm, controller manufacturer: Heidenhain, controller model: TNC 640, workpiece weight (max.): 1,000 kg, total height: 3,600 mm, total length: 3,780 mm, total width: 2,420 mm, table load: 1,000 kg, rotary table diameter: 800 mm, overall weight: 21,000 kg, spindle speed (min.): 5 rpm, spindle speed (max.): 15,000 rpm, operating hours of spindle: 30 h, coolant supply: 42 bar, distance table center to spindle nose: 100 mm, spindle motor power: 3,400 W, number of spindles: 1, number of slots in tool magazine: 64, tool length: 300 mm, tool diameter: 127 mm, tool weight: 7,000 g, coolant supply through spindle: 42 bar, swivel angle A-axis (min.): -120 °, swivel angle A-axis (max.): 120 °, swivel angle C-axis (max.): 360 °, number of axes: 5, Equipment: chip conveyor, documentation/manual, rotational speed infinitely variable, Maximum stability with 21,000 kg mass High speed thanks to torque drives in the A/C axes 5-axis simultaneous machining Demonstration machine at used machine price Equipment: - Heidenhain TNC 640 - Heidenhain glass scales on all 5 axes - Kinematic Optimizer - 15,000 rpm direct drive spindle with 34 kW and max. 180 Nm (25% duty cycle) - Production package I with 42 bar CTS (coolant through spindle) - Air through spindle - Automatic workpiece measurement Renishaw OMP 40 - Laser tool breakage control Blum - Paper band filter system Lodpfxszddzlj Ah Ejac - Spindle ring flushing system - 64 tool magazine slots - SK40 - Scraper belt chip conveyor with pre-filtration - Chip flushing - Extraction system

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), Year of construction: 2025, operating hours: 50 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 6LUD-321, travel distance X-axis: 620 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 520 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 460 mm, rapid traverse X-axis: 36 m/min, rapid traverse Y-axis: 36 m/min, rapid traverse Z-axis: 36 m/min, nominal power (apparent): 45 kVA, torque: 180 Nm, controller manufacturer: Siemens, controller model: Sinumerik ONE, workpiece height (max.): 430 mm, workpiece diameter (max.): 580 mm, workpiece weight (max.): 300 kg, total height: 3,300 mm, total length: 3,225 mm, total width: 2,256 mm, table load: 300 kg, rotary table diameter: 500 mm, overall weight: 8,500 kg, spindle speed (min.): 5 rpm, spindle speed (max.): 15,000 rpm, operating hours of spindle: 40 h, coolant supply: 42 bar, distance table center to spindle nose: 150 mm, spindle motor power: 3,400 W, number of spindles: 1, number of slots in tool magazine: 60, tool length: 250 mm, tool diameter: 127 mm, tool weight: 7,000 g, coolant supply through spindle: 42 bar, swivel angle B-axis (min.): -50 °, swivel angle B-axis (max.): 110 °, swivel angle C-axis (max.): 360 °, number of axes: 5, Equipment: chip conveyor, documentation/manual, rotational speed infinitely variable, Demonstration machine Laodjzdddgepfx Ah Eec Axon LU 620 features: - Siemens Sinumerik ONE - 5-axis simultaneous machining - Heidenhain glass scales in all 5 axes - Kinematic Optimizer - 15,000 rpm direct drive spindle with 34 kW and max. 180 Nm (25% duty cycle) - Production Package I with 42 bar internal coolant system - Air supply through the spindle - Media supply through the center of the table - Automatic workpiece measurement system Renishaw OMP 40 - Laser tool breakage detection system Blum NT A-3 Split - Paper band filter system - Ring flushing system on the spindle - Automatic side door - 60 magazine positions - SK40 - Drag chain chip conveyor - Chip flushing - Dust extraction system

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2008, operating hours: 18,349 h, functionality: fully functional, turning length: 1,000 mm, turning diameter: 340 mm, spindle speed (max.): 4,800 rpm, controller model: OSP P200L, Equipment: chip conveyor, TECHNICAL DETAILS Turning length: 1,000 mm Turning diameter: 340 mm Lsdpfx Asy Txycsh Esac Spindle speed (max.): 4,800 rpm Axes: 4 Tool turret A: VDI40 V12 with driven tools Tool turret B: VDI40 V8 MACHINE DETAILS Control system: OSP P200L Operating hours: 18,349 h EQUIPMENT Touch probe Chip conveyor Coolant station Standard spindle bore Tailstock: manual

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2004, functionality: fully functional, turning length: 1,000 mm, turning diameter: 350 mm, spindle bore: 62 mm, spindle speed (max.): 5,200 rpm, Equipment: chip conveyor, TECHNICAL DETAILS Swinging diameter over cross slide: 370 mm Turning length: 1,000 mm Swinging diameter: 350 mm Spindle bore: 62 mm Spindle speed (max.): 5,200 rpm MACHINE DETAILS Coolant pump: 8 bar EQUIPMENT Documentation/Manual Laodpfxey S S Anj Ah Esc Speed infinitely adjustable A-turret VDI40, 12 stations (all powered) B-turret VDI40, 8 stations Touch setter for A & B turrets Tailstock, manual Chip conveyor Extraction system Bar feeder, Samsys Multi-3000

Condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 162881, turning diameter over cross slide: 410 mm, turning length: 1,000 mm, turning diameter: 340 mm, spindle bore: 80 mm, rotational speed (max.): 3,800 rpm, TECHNICAL DETAILS Swinging diameter over bed: 530 mm Swinging diameter over carriage/slide: 410 mm Laodpfx Aoy U T Dljh Esc Distance between centers: 1,000.00 mm Maximum turning diameter: 340 mm Maximum machining length: 1,000 mm Travel X-axis: 260 mm Travel Z-axis: 1,016 mm Travel X-axis (B-axis): 139 mm Travel Z-axis (B-axis): 965 mm C-axis: 360° Control: Okuma OSP-P200LA Spindle speed: 38–3,800 rpm Speed ranges: stepless, automatic range selection Spindle nose: Option A2-8 Big Bore Spindle bore: 80 mm Main drive motor: 22.37 kW Torque: 412.17 Nm Upper multitasking turret: V-12 NC turret Lower turret: V8 (VDI) Indexing time without lifting: 0.18 s Speed of driven tools: 45 – 4,500 rpm Motor for driven tools: 7.08 kW Feeds X/Z: 333.16 / 416.56 mm/s Feed C: 3.333 rpm Tailstock spindle diameter: 90 mm Tailstock taper: MK #5 Tailstock travel: 120 mm MACHINE DETAILS Machine weight: 8,800 kg Supply voltage: 220/480 V Phases: 3-phase Frequency: 60 Hz Rated apparent power: 31 kVA Full load current: 81.7/37.5 A Largest motor rated current: 96 A Short-circuit rated values: 30/10 kA

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), Year of construction: 2024, General Tool magazine : 2x chain magazine with 32 stations each Rapid traverse in X/Y/Z : 48 m/min Traverse path X/Y/Z : 800/900/620 mm Spindle Technology : Direct drive Speed : 15.000 rpm Tool holder : HSK-A63 NC rotary table Technology : Swivel rotary table with torque drive, made by Kessler Ledpfjur Ng Usx Ah Esac A-axis : +/- 120 C-axis : 360° Clamping surface : ø800 mm Table load (max.) : 1,000 kg Workpiece dimensions (max.) : ø800 x 500 mm Equipment Distance measuring system : Direct (glass scales) in all axes Chip management : Chip conveyor Coolant management : IKZ system with filter and high pressure, 18 bar Workpiece measurement : Touch probe, Heidenhain TS 740 Tool measurement : Laser, BLUM Set-up mode : Electronic handwheel Additional equipment : Spindle cooler

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1995, turning diameter 150 mm turning length 1250 mm control OSP 7000 L total power requirement 37 kW Ljdpfxeyi Hwts Ah Eeac weight of the machine ca. 8500 t

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2000, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 1938, turning length: 850 mm, turning diameter: 340 mm, spindle speed (max.): 4,500 rpm, workpiece length (max.): 850 mm, workpiece diameter (max.): 300 mm, No minimum price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! TECHNICAL DETAILS Turning length: 850 mm Turning diameter: 340 mm Spindle speed max.: 4,500 rpm Workpiece diameter max.: 300 mm Workpiece length max.: 850 mm Workpiece clamping: 3-jaw chuck, Kitagawa B-210 MACHINE DETAILS Control system: Okuma OSP 7000L Power max.: 22 kW Rated voltage: 400 V Number of phases: 3 Frequency: 50 Hz Ljdpfxey R Uxio Ah Ejac Power consumption max.: 30.1 kVA Total current consumption: 43.4 A Motor current consumption max.: 106 A Current interruption at: 10 kA Note: Since other machines need to be moved to allow for loading, the stated disassembly and loading costs apply.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2008, cooling capacity: 654 kW (889.19 HP), type of input current: three-phase, type of cooling: air, overall weight: 2,890 kg, input voltage: 400 V, total width: 2,385 mm, total length: 12,000 mm, total height: 2,500 mm, Dry-cooler LU-VE EHLD1U 7285 A SPEC.DRY 654 kW Laodpfoy Ry T Eox Ah Eec Cooling capacity: 654 kW / 185.9 tons (12/7 — 35°C) Year of manufacture: 2008 Fluid: Glycol+water Fluid flow: 122,2 m3/h Air flow: 176000 m3/h Number of fans: 16 pcs Fan Diameter: 910 mm Volume: 2 x 180 dm3 External surface: 1866 m2 Internal surface: 120 m2 Dimensions: 12.006 x 2.385 x 2.500 mm Weight: 2890 kg Without two fans

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2019, Washing plant by "HIGHTECH", model "LU 200 A" Lsdpsy I A Adefx Ah Eoac

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2009, functionality: fully functional, conveyor belt length: 1,500 mm, conveyor belt width: 300 mm, conveyor belt speed: 3 mm/s, total length: 1,600 mm, total width: 600 mm, total height: 1,100 mm, power: 18 kW (24.47 HP), type of input current: DC, input voltage: 400 V, input frequency: 50 Hz, For sale is a high-quality industrial incline conveyor from renowned German manufacturer FRASCH. The system is in excellent condition and, thanks to the integrated cleated belt, is ideally suited for transporting small parts or bulk materials to higher levels. Ready for immediate use: Plug & Play with complete electrical connection. Lodpfx Ahsy Am N De Eoac Safe material handling: High side rails and cleats ensure loss-free material flow. Perfect for injection molding production, packaging technology, or as a feed conveyor for containers. Technical data: Manufacturer: FRASCH GmbH Model/Type: FAA-LU:500 / LM:1500 / LA:500 x B300 Year of manufacture: 2009 Condition: Used, very well-maintained and clean appearance Safety standard: CE marking present Design: Straight incline conveyor, ideal for bridging height differences Belt type: Cleated belt for small parts Conveying length: 1,500 mm Belt width: 300 mm Voltage: 400 V Power: 0.18 kW Frequency: 50 Hz Belt width (B): 300 mm Total length (LM): 1,500 mm total conveyor length Angle section dimensions (LU/LA): 500 mm / 500 mm

Condition: excellent (used), 30 pcs/stock Lsdpfx Aolgvqteh Eeac TRIPLE FEED SEWING MACHINES JUKI LU-6 Negotiable prices Technical specifications : The machines are fully automatic It is suitable for all types of thick material: upholstery, leather, synthetic, etc It can be used both at 220V and at 330V Warranty & Delivery Component: complete delivery car The quality assurance of the machines is entirely conferred by our team of professional technicians. The machine is of superior quality, recommended for all types of

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2017, x-travel 620 mm y-travel 520 mm z-travel 460 mm CNC-control iTNC 640 HEIDENHAIN Table dimensions Ø 650 mm max. table load 300 kg spindle taper SK 40 spindle turning speed range 12.000 U/min feed range 1 - 20.000 mm/min rapid traverse 36 m/min coolant IKZ 30 bar voltage 400 V total power requirement 25 kW weight of the machine ca. 9,2 t dimensions of the machine ca. 2,35 x 4,15 x 2,95 m chip conveyor 2,60 x 1,65 x 1,20 m Oil cooler 0,50 x 0,70 x 1,45 m water cooling unit 0,70 x 0,70 x 0,80 m - Serial-No.: 6LUD00185 - Control ON: 10.918 h - Spindle ON: 2.725 h - Control: HEIDENHAIN iTNC 640 - 3-D touch probe HEIDENHAIN TS 740 - Travel distance B-Axis 50º/+110º,C-Axis 360º - Internal coolant supply through spindle 30 bar Laodpfx Asp S Db Ssh Eoc - Electr. handwheel - Laser tool measurement - chip conveyor - suction

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2004, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 636, type of input current: three-phase, total width: 1,800 mm, input voltage: 400 V, input current: 10 A, lifting height: 2,000 mm, load capacity: 250 kg, 31 C – Gerber LS-250-LU Automatic Fabric Loading System – Industrial Spreading Line Unit Description For sale is a Gerber automatic fabric loading system (Model 250 LU), designed for seamless integration into industrial fabric spreading and cutting lines. This unit enables efficient, safe, and controlled handling of heavy fabric rolls, significantly improving workflow and reducing manual labor in high-volume production environments. The system has been operated as part of a complete and synchronized production line together with a GERBER SY 101 spreading system (unit 21 C) and a Lectra Vector VT-FA-MH-71 CNC cutting system (unit 29 C). This setup allows a continuous workflow from roll loading to spreading and cutting, minimizing downtime and maximizing throughput. The machine has been used in a professional garment factory and was operational prior to factory shutdown. Recently serviced on 27.02.2026. Video in working condition taken 5.3.2026. Includes • Gerber automatic fabric loading unit • Motorized lifting and roller feed system • Adjustable frame structure • Integrated control panel and switches • Heavy-duty steel frame with wheels Technical Details • Manufacturer: Gerber Technology • Model: LS-250-LU (Loading Unit) • Year: 2004 Lasdpfx Ahey Av H Ss Eoc • Serial number: 636 • Type: Automatic fabric roll loading system • Lifting capacity: up to 250 kg • Machine weight: approx. 300 kg • Voltage: 3 × 380 V • Frequency: 50 Hz • Current: approx. 10 A System Functionality • Automated lifting and positioning of fabric rolls • Precise alignment with spreading machines • Smooth and controlled feeding into spreading systems • Mobile design allows flexible positioning between lines Production Advantages • Eliminates manual lifting of heavy fabric rolls • Improves operator safety and ergonomics • Reduces downtime during roll changes • Enables continuous, high-efficiency production flow • Ensures consistent material alignment for spreading Integration • Designed for use with Gerber spreading systems (e.g. SY 101) • Fully compatible with automated cutting lines (e.g. Lectra Vector systems) • Suitable for synchronized production environments Condition Used industrial condition Recently serviced on 27.02.2026 Operational prior to factory shutdown Typical signs of industrial use Inspection recommended prior to purchase Sold as-is, where-is, without warranty Typical Applications • Fabric spreading lines • Textile production workflows • Cutting room automation • High-volume garment manufacturing Location Valga, Estonia Removal & Transport Buyer responsible for dismantling, loading, and transport Professional handling recommended due to size and weight

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), Year of construction: 2025, functionality: fully functional, controller manufacturer: Siemens, General Control: Siemens Spindle: Direct drive Speed: 15,000 rpm Power: 34 kW Torque: 180 Nm Tool holder: SK 40 Tool changer: 60 stations Working area Travel X: 620 mm Travel Y: 520 mm Travel Z: 460 mm Rotary/tilting table: D=600 mm Table load: 300 kg C-axis: resolution 0.001 degrees Miscellaneous Rapid traverse X/Y/Z: 36 m/min Max. speed B-axis: 25 rpm Max. speed C-axis: 25 rpm Ljdpfx Aoyg Eyheh Esac

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2016, functionality: fully functional, total length: 2,600 mm, total width: 600 mm, total height: 1,300 mm, motor manufacturer: Stöber Antriebstechnik, Equipment: type plate available, -KOM 3172- Lodpfx Aex Ifqdoh Eeac Offered here is a hinged belt conveyor from Frasch GmbH&Co. KG. The conveyor belt has breakout areas on the hinged belt, which can be seen in the photos. The functionality has been tested. This hinged belt conveyor was used for transporting plastic components. Type: FGA LU: 1900/LA: 1100xW:300 Power: 0.37 kW Year of manufacture: 2016 Total length: approx. 2600 mm Total height: approx. 1300 mm Total depth: approx. 600 mm Usable belt width: approx. 265 mm Spacing between carriers: approx. 490 mm

Condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: LU0BJ05950, 20 pcs in Stock Manufacturer: JUKI Model: LU-2210N-6 Country of origin: Japan Machine type: Heavy duty industrial sewing machine Feed system: Walking foot Control system: Efka Variocontrol digital controller Motor: Industrial servo motor Lsdpfx Aheyxlams Ejac Table: Kessler industrial sewing table Configuration: Complete workstation Condition: Used – good working condition Applications Suitable for: • Upholstery manufacturing • Leather goods production • Automotive interior production • Furniture manufacturing • Technical textile sewing • Heavy duty garment production

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1999, x-travel 4500 mm y-travel 2000 mm z-travel 1200 mm spindle taper ISO 50 Cube 2 Lajdswhqyqjpfx Ah Ejc weight of the machine ca. 20.000 t

Year of construction: 2009, condition: ready for operation (used), A high-precision CNC drilling/reference hole machine Mach3 Lab with X-ray vision system is available. Travel X/Y: 700mm/800mm, max. panel dimensions X/Y: 700mm/700mm, min. panel dimensions X/Y: 300mm/200mm, panel thickness range: 0.3mm-6mm, Z-axis stroke: 40mm, spindle speed: 30000rpm, positioning accuracy: +/-0.003mm, transducer resolution: +/-0.001mm, X-ray range X/Y: 700mm/580mm, weight: approx. 2000kg. Documentation available. An on-site inspection is possible. Lodpfoxd Avgjx Ah Eeac

Condition: new, temperature: max. 650°C heating power: 45 kW fan: 3,0 kW total connected load: approx. 52 kVA internal dimensions (l x w x h): 1.000 x 700 x 700 mm charge weight: max. 1,0 t Lsdpfxsgyn H Nj Ah Ejac

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 1998, operating hours: 7,984 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 1408, turning length: 250 mm, turning diameter: 340 mm, spindle speed (max.): 4,500 rpm, bar passage: 65 mm, controller model: Okuma OSP7000L, No reserve price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! TECHNICAL DETAILS Maximum turning diameter: 340 mm Maximum turning length: 250 mm Main Spindle Technology: Motor spindle Speed: 4,500 rpm Power (max.): 22 kW Bar capacity: 65 mm Workpiece clamping: 3-jaw chuck, Kitagawa B-210 Tool Turret I (X/Z) Technology: 12-station turret Tool holder: VDI40 Travel in X: 260 mm Travel in Z: 640 mm Rapid traverse in X: 15 m/min Rapid traverse in Z: 20 m/min Tool Turret II (X/Z) Technology: 8-station turret Tool holder: VDI40 Travel in X: 140 mm Travel in Z: 615 mm Rapid traverse in X: 15 m/min Rapid traverse in Z: 20 m/min MACHINE DETAILS Control: Okuma OSP7000L Dimensions & Weight Dimensions (L x W x H): 3,305 x 2,100 x 1,927 mm Weight: 4,800 kg Electrical connection data Rated voltage: 400 V Number of phases: 3 Frequency: 50 Hz Power consumption: max. 30 kVA Total current: 43.4 A Motor current: max. 106 A Operating Hours Power-on hours: 36,348 h Cutting time: 7,984 h Ledpfx Aex Hx Dnsh Eoac Spindle run time: 8,674 h EQUIPMENT Chip conveyor Coolant pump Automatic measuring arm Transformer