Used Keyence Vl-570 for sale (1,340)

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2022, operating hours: 30 h, functionality: fully functional, measuring range X-axis: 500 mm, measuring range Y-axis: 500 mm, measuring range Z-axis: 200 mm, total height: 850 mm, type of input current: AC, total width: 720 mm, total length: 950 mm, overall weight: 54 kg, input voltage: 230 V, table width: 500 mm, table length: 500 mm, ambient temperature (max.): 30 °C, ambient temperature (min.): 15 °C, Equipment: documentation/manual, type plate available, KEYENCE VL-570 Optical 3D Coordinate Measuring Machine The VL-570, from Keyence’s VL-500 series, is a 3D measuring machine that measures various shapes from the stripe projection image of the object, which is captured with a black-and-white CMOS camera. The linear light from the light source (stripe projection light) is projected onto the object at an angle using the projection lens. Measurement types that can be performed with the VL-570: 3D measurement, plane measurement, profile measurement, 3D comparison measurement, profile comparison measurement. The basic unit consists of: - VL-500 control unit - VL-550 500mm base - VL-570 measuring head - VL-H2P comparison measurement module Psdpfsz Ihkbex Ag Rjgu - VL-C2 cover - OP-88145 calibration plate Technical data: Repeatability: 2µm Measuring accuracy: 10µm Standard measuring mode (4M mode): 4 million measuring points Fine measuring mode (16M mode): 16 million measuring points Rotation mechanism: 360° Tilt mechanism: 45° Measuring range: Ø500mm x H 200mm User manual and quick start guides are included. New price: €52,350 (net) Upon request, the 3D coordinate measuring machine can be delivered within a 200 km radius of our company headquarters. Delivery costs will be agreed upon separately.

Condition: excellent (used), We offer a professional optical 3D measurement system, KEYENCE VL series, designed for fast and precise scanning of technical components. This set is ideal for quality control, reverse engineering, and non-contact measurements in industrial environments. Set includes: – Scanning head VL-370 Condition: Very good, well-maintained equipment Note: Set is sold without monitor / PC unit (option to equip according to your needs) Pgodpjz Sllyofx Ag Reu Manufactured: Made in Japan

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2022, Keyence VL-500 measuring head, VL-570 control unit, VL-500 device base, VL-550 optical 3D coordinate system scanner. Used, from a business liquidation. First purchased 03/2022. Technical data and information according to the manufacturer: 3D coordinate system control unit VL-500 Device base Keyence VL-550 3D measuring head Keyence 570 Measuring accuracy: ± 10µm according to VDI/VDE 2634 Part 3 Standard measuring mode: 4 million measuring points Fine measuring mode: 16 million measuring points Motorized rotary table: XY and 360° rotation Repeatability: 0.002mm Measuring accuracy: +- 0.01mm Max. workpiece weight: 50kg 3D scanner / laser scanner Without Keyence computer with Windows 11 and extensive evaluation software (GD&T) Without dongle Without monitor, keyboard and mouse Without manuals We recommend an inspection to avoid misunderstandings. Information without guarantee Information, details and technical data from the manufacturer. Pedpjz H Sa Defx Ag Rjgu To prevent any misunderstandings regarding the condition of the item and the scope of the auction, we generally recommend an inspection BEFORE placing a bid! Further technical data can be requested from the manufacturer. Our business hours are from Monday to Friday between 8:30 am and 12:00 pm and 1:00 pm to 4:30 pm. During this time, inspections and collections are possible and desired AFTER prior appointment. Subject to prior sale, changes, errors and printing errors.

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2023, A CNC 3D coordinate measuring machine Keyence is available. Table diameter: 500mm, measuring diameter: 500mm, measuring height: 200mm, travel X/Y: 280mm, rotation capability: 360°, tilt angle: 45°, max. table load: 50kg, display resolution: 0.1µm, repeatability: 2µm, measuring accuracy: +/-10µm. Machine dimensions X/Y/Z: approx. 720mm/1000mm/860mm, weight: approx. 30kg. Documentation available. An on-site inspection is possible. Pjdoympc Hjpfx Ag Rsgu

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2022, functionality: fully functional, Equipment: documentation/manual, Optical 3D coordinate measuring machine, manufacturer Keyence Model series VL 550 / VL 570 with few operating hours. - Basic device VL-550 - Measuring head VL-570 - Control unit VL-500 Some technical data on the measuring device: Display resolution: 0.1µm Repeatability: 2µm Measuring accuracy: ± 10µm in accordance with VDI/VDE 2634 Bl.3 Standard measuring mode: 4 million measuring points Fine measuring mode: 16 million measuring points Motorized rotary table: XY and 360° rotation Scope of delivery: - 500mm base VL-550 - Measuring head VL-570 - Control unit VL-500 - cover - Calibration plate - User manuals Pjdpfx Agor Epxpo Rogu - Certificates from the manufacturer - Shape and position tolerance module (software CD) - Comparison measurement module (software CD) - Alternating current cable Further technical data is available on request.

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, With this offer, you are purchasing a second-hand “Keyence VL-500” 3D co-ordinate measuring machine Items for sale: 1x Keyence VL-500 with the following features incl. software incl. VL-H2P add-on software incl. VL-H2G add-on software incl. laptop for operation incl. calibration plate Ready for immediate use Condition: This listing is for a second-hand unit, which may show signs of wear Pgjdsz N Akgepfx Ag Rsu (minor scratches or discolouration). The unit has been tested to ensure it is in working order Packaging and dispatch: You are welcome to view the unit during our opening hours. Please arrange an appointment to do so! Seaworthy packaging and worldwide dispatch available on request! A functional test will be recorded on video for you prior to dispatch or collection. For further information, please feel free to contact us directly.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2020, functionality: fully functional, Equipment: documentation/manual, type plate available, We are offering this used Keyence VL-500 optical 3D coordinate measuring machine, manufactured in 2020. Manufacturer: Keyence Corporation Model: VL-500 Country of origin: Japan Year of manufacture: 2020 Serial number: CC910026 System consists of: Control unit: VL-500 Base/object table: VL-530 Measuring head: VL-570 Calibration plate Manuals Dongle PC Last calibration performed by the manufacturer in 11/2024. Pgedpfey Uw Dvex Ag Reu If you have any questions or require further information, please feel free to send us a message or call us.

Year of construction: 2024, condition: ready for operation (used), Optical measurement machine manufactured in 2024. This KEYENCE VL 700 & VL770 features a blue LED measurement light source and operates on a power supply voltage of 100 to 240 VAC ±10%, 50/60 Hz. If you are looking to get high-quality optical measurement capabilities, consider the KEYENCE VL 700 & VL770 machine we have for sale. Contact us for further details. Pgsdpfezzxi Rox Ag Rju - Measurement Unit Model: VL-770- Controller Model: VL-700- Year of Manufacture: 2024- Power Supply Voltage: 100 to 240 VAC ±10%, 50/60 Hz- Measurement Light Source: Blue LED

Condition: used, functionality: unexamined, Dear Sir or Madam, We are pleased to offer the following piece of equipment for sale: Keyence VL-700 coordinate measuring machine. The machine is being sold with the equipment shown in the photographs and specified in the advertisement text. Location: 40764 Langenfeld Psdpfxsz Sxq Uj Ag Rsgu PLEASE NOTE! This equipment originates from an insolvency. We are auctioning it off to the highest bidder on behalf of the creditor/bank. This is a closed auction. We do not provide any information regarding the current highest bid. Your bid becomes binding upon receipt by email. Please submit your binding bid by 10.00 on 3 November 2026. Once the auction has ended, you will be informed of the outcome within 72 hours.

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, With this offer, you are purchasing a second-hand KEYENCE VL 350 3D measuring system. Item for sale: 1 x KEYENCE VL 350 We can easily configure the machine to your requirements. Please feel free to contact us! Condition: This listing is for a second-hand device, which may show signs of wear (minor scratches or discolouration). The unit has been tested to ensure it is in working order Packaging and dispatch: You are welcome to view the unit during our business hours. Please arrange an appointment to do so! Seaworthy packaging and worldwide dispatch available on request! Pgsdpfxszxqxfe Ag Reu A functional test will be recorded on video for you prior to dispatch or collection. For further information, please feel free to contact us directly.

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, In this listing, you are purchasing a second-hand ‘Keyence VL-500’ 3D coordinate measuring machine Items for sale: 1x Keyence VL-500 with the following features Includes software Includes additional software Includes a laptop for operation Includes a calibration plate Ready for immediate use Pedpfx Aey Iaa Tsg Rjgu Condition: This listing is for a second-hand device, which may show signs of wear (minor scratches or discolouration). The unit has been tested to ensure it is in working order Packaging and dispatch: You are welcome to view the unit during our business hours. Please arrange an appointment to do so! Seaworthy packaging and worldwide dispatch available on request! A functional test will be recorded on video for you prior to dispatch or collection. For further information, you are of course welcome to contact us directly.

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2025, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: LJ‑X8200, overall weight: 2 kg, type of input current: DC, input voltage: 230 V, control voltage: 24 V, Keyence LJ-X8200 2D/3D laser profiler (LJ-X8000 series) for sale, for contactless inline measurement and quality control of parts. Sensor head LJ-X8200: Reference distance: 245 mm Measurement range Z (height): ±34 mm (F.S. 68 mm) Measurement range X (width): 64 mm (near side) / 72 mm (reference distance), max. approx. 80 mm Repeatability: Z 1 µm, X 3 µm Linearity Z: ±0.04 % of F.S. Profile data points: 3,200 points per profile Profile data interval X: 25 µm Single-shot HDR for reflective, dark, and complex surfaces Industrial design for production environments Included: Sensor head LJ-X8200 Controller: [ENTER model, e.g., LJ-X8000] Cables: [ENTER] Software: [ENTER] Psdpfx Ae Af I Uzeg Rsgu Measuring table with part fixture GO/NO GO inspection setup PLC connection prepared (digital I/O for OK/NOK signals and alarms) Condition: new Location: Slovenia Delivery terms: EXW Price: EUR 40,000 net Demonstration possible by appointment.

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2020, An optical CNC 3D coordinate measuring machine Keyence is available. Display resolution: 0.1µm, repeatability: 2µm, measurement accuracy: +/-10µm, low magnification: 300mm/200mm, high magnification: 70mm/50mm, max. load capacity: 20kg, weight: approx. 30kg. Documentation available. An on-site inspection is possible. Pgsdpfx Ajy Hk Tbsg Rsu

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2023, An optical 3D coordinate measuring machine Keyence is available. Measurement accuracy: +/-10µm, repeatability: +/-2µm, measurement points: 9 million, max. measurement diameter: 300mm, max. measurement height: 200mm, max. measurement dimensions (multiple capture) X/Y/Z: 580mm/300mm/200mm, max. workpiece weight: 50kg, table tilt: 45°. Including control and evaluation software, rotary table and calibration accessories. Documentation available. An on-site inspection is possible. The image is an example. Pedpfx Agjzhnuvj Rsgu

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2024, operating hours: 120 h, functionality: limited functionality, For sale is a high-quality digital microscope, the KEYENCE VHX-7000 – a fully integrated system for material analysis, defect analysis, quality control, research, and industrial inspection. The VHX-7000 combines ultra-high-resolution 4K imaging with intuitive operation and advanced measurement functions, including automatic focus stacking, image stitching, 2D/3D measurements, and multi-angle observation. As one of the world's first digital 4K ultra-high-precision microscopes, the system delivers exceptional image quality at SEM level while combining the speed and ease of use of optical microscopy. Included configuration: Main system: KEYENCE VHX-7000 Controller Unit Camera: KEYENCE VHX-7020 High-Performance Camera Optics & Adapter: Pjdpfsy U Iy Iox Ag Regu KEYENCE VH-Z20T Zoom Lens / Objective (20x–200x) KEYENCE VH-K20 360° Multi-Function Side View Adapter KEYENCE VHX-20T Tripod Adapter Mechanical components: KEYENCE VHX-S750E Motorized XYZ Stage (40 mm) Software & Accessories: KEYENCE VH-H5M 3D Measurement Software KEYENCE VHX-A70D Console for the VHX-7000 Swiss power cable/adapter Original manuals Key features: 4K Ultra-HD imaging Seamless magnification from 20x to 6000x Fully motorized operation Multidirectional lighting Real-time 3D and roughness analysis Automated focusing and positioning User-friendly touch operation Ideal for industrial inspection, electronics, materials science, metallurgy, and R&D laboratories

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2023, A Keyence optical 3D coordinate measuring machine with a 360° 3D scan is available. Measuring accuracy: +/-10µm, repeatability: 2µm, resolution: 0.1µm, point density: 16 million, measuring diameter (low magnification): 300mm, measuring diameter low magnification/composite: 200mm/500mm, rotation range: 360°, tilt range: 45°, max. table load: 50kg. Machine dimensions X/Y/Z: approx. 1000mm/1000mm/1000mm, weight: approx. 65kg. Documentation available. On-site inspection is possible. Psdpfx Aowx Rcyjg Regu

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2024, functionality: fully functional, repeat accuracy: 0.002 mm, table load: 50 kg, rotary table diameter: 500 mm, The offer consists of the following components: VL-770 Probe Head – High-resolution optical 3D scanner VL-700 Control Unit – Control and evaluation unit, including software interface VL-C35 Cover – Light protection hood VL-A3D Software Package – Measurement and evaluation software (German) OP-88145 Calibration Plate – Reference plate VL-H3G Module – Geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T) module VL-H3R Module – CAD conversion module Pedpfx Agey Eglqe Rogu VL-B1 Accessory – Calibration ball gauge OP-99031 Cable – AC power cable TECHNICAL DETAILS Repeatability (σ): 2 µm Measurement accuracy: ±10 µm Measurement resolution: 9 million measurement points Measuring range Low magnification: Ø300 × H200 mm High magnification: Ø70 × H50 mm Work Table Rotary table: 500 mm Rotation mechanism: 360° XY movement of object stage: Ø200 mm Tilting mechanism: up to 45° Maximum load capacity: 50 kg MACHINE DETAILS Weight Weight of control unit: 3.7 kg Weight of object table: 26 kg Weight of cover: 5.5 kg Weight of measuring unit: 19.6 kg EQUIPMENT Original software and manuals Calibration plate Protective hood Monitor, PC, keyboard, and accessories

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2024, operating hours: 15 h, functionality: fully functional, type of input current: AC, input voltage: 240 V, measuring range X-axis: 580 mm, measuring range Y-axis: 300 mm, measuring range Z-axis: 200 mm, total width: 579 mm, total length: 916 mm, total height: 844 mm, overall weight: 45 kg, workpiece weight (max.): 50 kg, VL-770 3D measuring system with motorized rotary table Ø500mm - VL-770 measuring head - VL-700 control unit - 500mm object table VL-750 - Measuring range with composition up to Ø500mm or 580x300mm - Cover (light shielding) - Software package (German) Podpfjvzqp Hox Ag Rsgu - Calibration plate - Software module for form and positional tolerances - Software module for CAD conversion Full description available in the brochure

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2021, operating hours: 300 h, Prices upon request XG x 2800 5x Ca E200L 4x CA Dc 40 e The system was used for only 90 days and is in as-new condition. The XG-X2800LJ is a 2D/3D laser profile sensor from the LJ-V7000 series by KEYENCE Germany. This advanced image processing system offers enhanced features and flexibility for demanding inspection applications. Technical Data: Pjdpfx Aor Rddzjg Regu Laser Scanner / Profile Measurement: The XG-X2800LJ is specifically designed for profile measurement and 2D/3D image processing. Compatibility: It is compatible with line-scan cameras, LJ-V sensors, and 21-megapixel cameras. Flowchart-Based Programming: The XG-X is intended for advanced users, enabling programming in a flowchart style. Manuals and Software: User manuals and software are available for configuration and customization via PC, as well as for remote control and capturing images and results on a PC. Please note that any shown accessories are for illustrative purposes only and may not be included with the product. For more information, please visit the official KEYENCE website. If you have further questions or require assistance, I am happy to help!

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2021, functionality: fully functional, Equipment: documentation/manual, We offer for sale a professional digital microscope, the KEYENCE VHX-7000, a state-of-the-art device designed for detailed visual inspection, measurement, and analysis of materials and components. This microscope is ideal for industrial companies, laboratories, research institutions, quality control departments, and technical universities. 🔍 Main advantages and features: • ✅ High-resolution digital imaging Pgsdpfx Agsz Ng Nte Reu • ✅ Advanced 2D and 3D surface imaging • ✅ Large depth of field and automatic focusing • ✅ Precise measurement of dimensions and surface analysis • ✅ Advanced lighting options and detail enhancement • ✅ Simple and intuitive operation • ✅ Capability for documentation, archiving, and evaluation of results • ✅ Suitable for quality control, research, and development 🏭 Application areas: • Automotive and mechanical engineering • Electrical engineering and electronics • Metallurgy and materials engineering • Quality control and analysis of manufacturing defects • Research, development, and laboratory measurements 📦 Device information: Manufacturer: KEYENCE Model: VHX-7000 Type: Professional digital microscope

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2023, functionality: fully functional, Keyence MD-X2500A 3-Axis Hybrid Laser Marking System, 25W Laser Marker Used, from business liquidation Initial purchase: 03/2023 3-axis hybrid laser marking system, 25W special edition Marking laser (control unit + marking head) MD-C2B safety module MD-AD-XYT XY tracking add-on for MDX2 MD-AD-ZT Z tracking add-on for MDX2 MD-AD-2DR 2D code reader add-on for MDX2 MD-AD-3D 3D add-on for MDX2 Power cable for MDX/MDF/MLZ Marking process: Simultaneous 3-axis scanning (XYZ) Marking area: 125 × 125 × 42 mm Standard operating distance (± variable width): 189 mm (±21 mm) Marking resolution: 2 μm Scanning speed: max. 12000 mm/s Marking laser Wavelength: 1064 nm Output power: 25 W Rated voltage and power consumption: 100 to 240 V AC ±10 %, 50/60 Hz, 850 VA max. Weight: Control unit: 23.0 kg, Marking head: 13.8 kg PC software: MB-PH1 *1 (Marking Builder Plus, marking diagnostics tool) must be requested from Keyence Pgodpfx Asz H U Udjg Rsu We recommend an inspection Information without guarantee Details, information, and technical data from the manufacturer To prevent any misunderstandings regarding the item's condition and the scope of the auction, we generally recommend an inspection BEFORE placing a bid! Further technical data can be requested from the manufacturer. Our business hours are from Monday to Friday between 8:30 a.m. and 12:00 p.m. and 1:00 p.m. and 4:30 p.m. During this time, inspections and collections are possible and desirable, AFTER prior appointment arrangement. Subject to prior sale, changes, errors and omissions.

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2022, operating hours: 7 h, functionality: fully functional, input voltage: 230 V, type of input current: AC, laser power: 3 W, type of cooling: air, total width: 300 mm, total height: 125 mm, total length: 330 mm, working range: 300 mm, overall weight: 44 kg, scan area length: 330 mm, scan area width: 330 mm, travel distance X-axis: 330 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 330 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 42 mm, input current: 4 A, laser wavelength: 355 nm, path measurement accuracy: 5 mm, ambient temperature (max.): 40 °C, input frequency: 50 Hz, Equipment: documentation/manual, KEYENCE MD-U1020C – 3-Axis UV Laser Marker (wide marking area) Pedpjzw U T Rofx Ag Rogu 3 identical units available. Built July 2022, delivered new in 2023, only 7 operating hours each. Practically as new, tested and fully functional. DELIVERY AND ON-SITE FUNCTION TEST – INCLUDED IN THE PRICE We deliver personally to your address anywhere in the EU/EEA, by van. No pallet, no freight terminals, no forwarder handling of the sensitive optics – direct door to door. On arrival the system is connected, powered up and a test marking is produced in your presence before handover. You take delivery of a machine you have seen running at your own site, not a crate on a pallet. Scope of the on-site test: connection, power-up and test marking with the supplied system. Integration into an existing production line, fixtures, tooling and application programming are not included, but can be quoted separately. Collection ex works in Örebro, Sweden is of course also possible. SCOPE OF SUPPLY (per unit) - MD-U1020C marking head, 355 nm UV, 18.0 kg, IP64 - MC-P1 controller unit, 23.5 kg - Operating console, 2.0 kg - Connecting cables, 4.3 m TECHNICAL DATA - Laser medium: YVO4, wavelength 355 nm (UV), laser class 4 - Laser power: 3 W at 40 kHz (2.5 W at the focal point) - Marking area: 330 x 330 x 42 mm (true 3-axis control, wide-area type) - Standard working distance: 300 mm - Marking resolution: 5 µm - Max. scanning speed: 8,000 mm/s - Digital galvo scanner with linear motor drive, built-in power meter - Interfaces: RS-232C, USB 2.0, Ethernet (10BASE-T / 100BASE-TX) - Power supply: 100–240 V AC ±10 %, 50/60 Hz, max. 800 VA (approx. 250 W average) - Cooling: forced air – no external chiller required - Ambient temperature: 0 to +40 °C - Weights: head 18.0 kg / controller 23.5 kg / console 2.0 kg APPLICATION The 355 nm UV wavelength marks heat-sensitive materials without thermal damage ("cold marking"): plastics and resins, glass, ceramics, films, PCBs, medical devices, connectors and nameplates. High-contrast, permanent, legible codes and logos with minimal material stress. COMMERCIAL Price is per unit, net, delivered. Units can be sold individually or as a package of three. Inspection and test marking under power is also possible by appointment at our location in Örebro, Sweden before purchase. Please contact us for photos, serial numbers and further details.

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2021, functionality: fully functional, We are selling our Keyence XM because we are acquiring a larger machine. The device has been used regularly, but it is too small for our applications, so it is practically like new and in perfect condition. Pgedpfx Agezfik Ho Rou The device is fully equipped and comes with an extension and a tripod.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2021, functionality: fully functional, Equipment: type plate available, We are offering this used Keyence VHX-S750E measuring system, manufactured in 2021. Model: VHX-S750E Serial number: 8B120052 Country of origin: Japan Features: • VHX-7000 camera head • Motorized stand • Control panel (Remote Console) • Integrated VHX monitor • Specimen stage • Standard lighting unit • Housing in good condition • No obvious damage Pgsdpfxjz Hipvs Ag Rou 1. Software license available, but not accessible; no USB stick included. 2. No written proof of functionality; the microscope can be tested before purchase. 3. No additional lenses available. 4. No calibration certificates. 5. Manufactured around 2021; originally purchased as new. 6. Includes the original PC/controller in the scope of delivery. If you have any questions or require further information, please feel free to send us a message or call us.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2020, operating hours: 450 h, functionality: fully functional, total height: 400 mm, total width: 800 mm, total length: 800 mm, travel distance X-axis: 5,000 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 5,000 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 5,000 mm, overall weight: 50 kg, repeat accuracy: 0.01 mm, Equipment: documentation/manual, KEYENCE WM-3000 Mobile 3D Coordinate Measuring System, Year of Manufacture 2020 For sale is a mobile 3D coordinate measuring system, KEYENCE WM-3000, year of manufacture 2020. The WM-3000 enables flexible and precise 3D measurement of components directly in production or at a testing station. Thanks to the optical tracking technology and the wireless measuring probe, the system is particularly suitable for dimensional accuracy checks and for comparing the actual and target dimensions of complex components. Technical data: Manufacturer: KEYENCE Type: WM-3000 Year of manufacture: 2020 Mobile 3D coordinate measuring system Measuring range: 5,000 mm Measuring accuracy: approx. ±28 µm Repeatability: up to approx. 10 µm Optical 3D measurement Wireless measuring probe Supply voltage: 220 V Weight: approx. 50 kg External dimensions: approx. 800 × 800 × 400 mm Suitable for: 3D dimensional inspection Quality control Pedpsz Aynkefx Ag Regu Actual vs. target comparisons Measurement of complex components Use directly in production The device is offered as used. Condition and scope of delivery, see photos or upon request. Subject to technical changes and errors.