Used Agilent / Varian Diffusion Pumps for sale (9,282)

Condition: like new (used), Manufacturer: Varian Type: NHS-35 Condition: The pump is in very good condition and can also be supplied with a corner valve if required. Warranty: 3 months Lodpfx Alshmba Aobeah Delivery time: In stock

Condition: used, Oil diffusion pump You are welcome to visit by appointment. Lsdpfxowl H Avs Albeah

Year of construction: 2017, condition: used, This listing is for a Agilent Eclipse Fluorescence Spectrometer. The unit is in full working condition and is ready for immediate release. Supplied with cables, software disk, License key,spare diffuser and Neutral density attenuator. The Agilent Cary Eclipse fluorescence spectrometer is sensitive, accurate, and flexible. Ideal for use as a routine fluorometer, the Cary Eclipse can easily be switched between fluorescence, phosphorescence, chemiluminescence, and bioluminescence measurements. Additional flexibility can be achieved through various accessories, including temperature control and solid sample handling, automatic polarizers, and a microplate reader for high sample throughput. Type:Benchtop fluorescence spectrometer Control Software :Cary WinFLR Light Source:Xenon flash lamp (80 Hz) with 10-year warranty on new instruments Maximum Scanning Speed :24,000 nm/min Lajdpfx Ajxx Ax Rolbjh Modes of Operation:Fluorescence,Phosphorescence,Chemiluminescence,Biolumi nescence,Time resolved phosphorescence. Power Requirements:100-240 VAC, 50/60 Hz Spectral Bandwidth Emission: 1.5 nm, 2.5 nm, 5 nm, 10 nm, 20 nm & 10 nm round nm Excitation: 1.5 nm, 2.5 nm, 5 nm, 10 nm, 20 nm & 10 nm round nm Wavelength Accuracy:± 1.5 nm Wavelength Range:Operational emission: 200 - 900 nm Operational excitation: 200 - 900 nm Depth:644 mm Height:271 mm Weight:30 kg Width:608 mm

Condition: refurbished (used), functionality: fully functional, pump pressure: 400 bar, This excellently maintained Agilent 1100 HPLC system is ready for immediate use and provides a reliable solution for both routine and advanced chromatographic analyses. Annual preventive maintenance has been performed by certified Agilent Service Engineers. The last maintenance was performed in July 2026, during which the system successfully passed the inspection. Configuration: Agilent 1100 Solvent Tray Lajdpfx Aozzdxqslbsh Agilent 1100 Vacuum Degasser G1322A Agilent 1100 Quaternary Pump G1311A Agilent 1100 Standard Autosampler G1329A Agilent 1100 Thermostated Column Compartment G1316A Agilent 1100 Variable Wavelength Detector (VWD) G1314A Agilent 1100 Controller G1323B 3-month warranty 3-month warranty

Condition: refurbished (used), functionality: fully functional, pump pressure: 400 bar, This excellently maintained Agilent 1100 HPLC system is ready for immediate use and provides a reliable solution for both routine and advanced chromatographic analyses. Annual preventive maintenance has been performed by certified Agilent service engineers. The last maintenance was performed in July 2026, during which the system successfully passed the inspection (PASS). Configuration: Agilent 1100 Solvent Tray Agilent 1100 Vacuum Degasser G1379A Lsdpfxozza H De Albeah Agilent 1100 Binary Pump G1312A Agilent 1100 Standard Autosampler G1329A Agilent 1100 Thermostated Column Compartment G1316A Agilent 1100 Variable Wavelength Detector (VWD) G1314A 3-month warranty

Condition: excellent (used), Agilent 7000C GC/MS/MS Triple Quadrupole + 7890B GC + 7693 Autosampler – 2014 – lightly used – extensive accessories For sale: a professional gas chromatography system with mass spectrometry from Agilent Technologies, model 7000C GC/MS/MS Triple Quadrupole, paired with an Agilent 7890B gas chromatograph and an Agilent 7693 autosampler. Year of manufacture: 2014 The unit has been used very little and is in very good visual condition. The system comes from a laboratory and is offered with a comprehensive set of additional accessories and numerous original Agilent Technologies accessories. System configuration: * Agilent 7000C GC/MS Triple Quadrupole – a high-end mass spectrometer with a triple quadrupole. * Agilent 7890B (G3440B) – gas chromatograph. * Agilent 7693 Autosampler – automatic sample injection system. * Edwards RV5 – laboratory vacuum pump with an oil mist filter. * Original CDs/DVDs with Agilent software. * A large number of additional accessories and Agilent laboratory equipment. Laodpfx Alex A E D Djbsh Additional accessories: The package includes a comprehensive set of accessories, including: * Hoses and installation components for the chromatograph. * Components and accessories for the chromatographic oven. * Additional equipment for installing and operating the system. * Original Agilent Technologies laboratory accessories. * Software discs and additional equipment as shown in the photos.

Condition: used, This listing is for a Varian Saturn 2100T GC/MS ion trap with turbomolecular pump comes complete with Varian CP-8200 Autosampler Varian 3900 GC-gas chromatograph, includes Software/PC/Printer Lsdpfjxzh A Tex Alboah Equipment can be serviced/renovated/refurbished on request at extra cost.

Condition: good (used), Oil Diffusion Pump Manufacturer: Leybold Type: DIP 50.000 Condition: used Technical Data Product: DIP 50000 Catalog No.: 22240 Suction side connection flange: DN 1000 ISO-F Discharge side connection flange: DN 160 ISO-K Suction capacity for air below 1.0 x 10-4 mbar / 7.5 x 10-5 Torr: 50000 l/s Operating range: 1.0 x 10-2 - 5.0 x 10-7 mbar / 7.5 x 10-3 - 3.8 x 10-7 Torr Ultimate total pressure: < 5.0 x 10-7 mbar / < 3.8 x 10-7 Torr Laedpfx Aednv A Uslboh Max. permissible pre-vacuum pressure: 6.0 x 10-2 mbar / 4.5 x 10-2 Torr Operating fluid: Pump is supplied without operating fluid Operating fluid quantity min.: 12.0 l / 12.7 qt max.: 25.0 l / 26.4 qt Power connection: 3-phase Y, 400 V, 50/60 Hz Heating power: 24 kW Number of heating elements: 24 Warm-up time: < 30 min Number of cooling water circuits: 3 Cooling water flow rate (minimum) Pump: 1500 l/h / 6.6 gal/min Nozzle cap steam trap: 150 l/h / 0.66 gal/min Max. cooling water pressure: 6 bar / 87 psi Cooling water connection Pump: 1/2", internal thread Nozzle cap steam trap: 3/8", internal thread Dimensions: see dimensional drawing Weight: 560 kg / 1235 lbs

Year of construction: 2018, condition: like new (used), Manufacturer: Leybold Type: DIP 30000 Product No.: 22235 Condition: unused, in original packaging Warranty: 6 months Lasdpfx Aehmbfnslbeh Delivery time: in stock

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Agilent 6520 System + PC & Software. Laodpfx Ast T Ub Hjlboh The set includes: -Agilent 6520 Accurate-Mass Q-TOF LC/MS -Agilent 1260 Infinity HPLC G1379B Micro Vacuum Degasser -Agilent 1200 Series G2226A Nano pump -Agilent G4240A HPLC-Chip Cube Interface - PC & Software The Agilent G6520 LCMS QTOF MS System is a high-performance mass spectrometry system designed for accurate and reliable analysis of complex samples. It features advanced ion optics, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and fast data acquisition rates, making it ideal for a wide range of applications in pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, and environmental analysis. With its intuitive software and user-friendly interface, the 6520 Q-TOF LC/MS MS System provides researchers with the tools they need to quickly and easily identify and quantify compounds in even the most challenging samples. The Agilent 6520 Q-TOF has industry-leading performance in the most important categories: attomole sensitivity, better than 2-ppm MS mass accuracy, better than 5-ppm MS/MS mass accuracy, mass resolution to 20,000, and broad mass range from 25 to 20,000 m/z. This is an ideal choice for top-down and bottom-up proteomics, metabolomics, and HRMS applications. Good working condition. Please check out our other listings as well.

Condition: refurbished (used), functionality: fully functional, This excellently maintained Agilent 1200 HPLC system is ready for immediate use and provides a reliable solution for both routine and advanced chromatographic analyses. Annual preventive maintenance has been performed by certified Agilent Service Engineers. The final maintenance and qualification were performed in July 2026, during which the system successfully passed the inspection (PASS). Configuration: Agilent 1200 Solvent Tray Agilent 1200 Vacuum Degasser G1322A Agilent 1200 Quaternary Pump G1311A Laedpfx Ajzy Hldolbsh Agilent 1200 Series Standard Autosampler G1329A Agilent 1200 Thermostatted Column Compartment G1316A with integrated switching valve Agilent 1200 Series Diode Array Detector (DAD) G1315B PC with Windows 10 Agilent ChemStation CDS software included 6-month warranty Enjoy 25% off your first service when you sign up for a maintenance contract with us.

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Agilent 6510 System + PC & Software. The set includes: -Agilent 6510 Q-TOF LC/MS -Agilent 1260 Infinity G1376A Capillary Pump -Agilent 1200 Series G1377A Micro Well Plate Autosampler -Agilent 1200 Series G1379B Micro Vacuum HPLC Degasser -PC & Software The Agilent 6510 Quadrupole Time-of-Flight LC/MS delivers unsurpassed Q-TOF sensitivity in a compact, bench-top design. With the 6510’s tenfold sensitivity advantage, you detect critical, low-level components that are out of reach of other Q-TOF instruments. At the same time, fast data acquisition means you can acquire one MS and five MS/MS spectra per second, for higher-quality data and more structural information from complex samples. And ultralow-ppm mass accuracy maximizes confidence in your results. Features: -Attomole-level sensitivity – Sensitivity unequaled by any Q-TOF on the market today enables the 6510 to detect more low-abundance components. -Better than 3-ppm mass accuracy – Outstanding mass accuracy, typically 1-2 ppm, rivals FTMS instruments and increases specificity and confidence in results. -Wide in-spectrum dynamic range – 3-4 orders of magnitude in-spectrum dynamic range enables identification of less-abundant compounds in the presence of more-abundant compounds and makes overall operation easier. -Fast MS and MS/MS acquisition – Fast spectral acquisition improves the identification of unresolved components in complex samples and makes the 6510 compatible with the latest fast chromatography. -Multiple ion source options- The best selection of ion sources in the LC/MS industry-including the revolutionary HPLC-Chip/MS and multimode ESI/APCI sources-allow the 6510 Q-TOF to address a wide range of LC/MS applications Lasdpfx Aet T T Tnelbjh Good working condition. Please check out our other listings as well.

Condition: used, This listing is for the Agilent Cary 1260 infinity HPLC system The units are in full working condition and are ready for immediate use The Agilent Cary 1260 Infinity HPLC system is a robust and versatile high-performance liquid chromatography platform engineered for reliability, high throughput, and analytical precision. It's widely used in pharmaceutical, environmental, food, and chemical analysis The system's modular architecture allows for tailored configurations, enabling users to select components such as pumps, detectors, and sample managers to meet specific analytical needs. This flexibility facilitates upgrades and maintenance, ensuring the system can evolve alongside technological advancements and changing laboratory requirements. This combination includes the following part Nos. G7111A Quat Pump G7111 Purge Valve G7129A Vial Sampler G7115A Diode Array Detector G7115 Preparative Flow Cell 160 Infinity R1 Detector Pressure Range: Up to 600 bar, accommodating smaller particle size columns for higher resolution and faster separations. Supports a wide flow range, up to 10 mL/min at 200 bar, suitable for standard to semi-preparative applications. Lodpfoxv A Slex Albsah Injection Volume: Flexible injection volumes ranging from 0.1 µL to 1800 µL, depending on the configuration and options selected. Column Capacity: Supports up to four columns with direct access to each column through a Quick-Change switching valve, enhancing flexibility and eliminating the need to disconnect and reconnect columns. Temperature Control: Features efficient column handling and temperature control, with options for multiple temperature zones, ensuring optimal conditions for various applications.

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Agilent 6210 G3258A, G1969A Time of Flight Liquid Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer LC/MSD TOF. The Agilent TOF is an orthogonal-axis time-of-flight mass spectrometer (oa-TOF). That is, the ions reaching the time-of-flight chamber are impelled in a direction perpendicular to their original path. You can set up an Agilent time-of-flight mass spectrometer system (TOF) in several configurations: -For normal flow LC/MS with a binary pump, quaternary pump, well-plate sampler (or autosampler) and ESI , APCI, APPI or MMI ion sources -For microflow LC/MS with a capillary pump, micro well-plate sampler and ESI, APCI or MMI ion source -For nanoflow LC/MS with a nanopump, micro well-plate sampler and nanospray source or dual nanospray source -TOF system with an AP-MALDI source Each system has advantages for drug discovery — high throughput sample screening with highly sensitive detection and accurate mass assignment. Features: ESI – Electrospray Ionization APCI – Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization APPI – Atmospheric Pressure Photo Ionization MALDI – Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization MMI – Multimode Ionization Good working condition. Please check out our other listings as well. Lodpet Ui N Uefx Albeah

Condition: new, Agilent Model: G9800A For sale is an Agilent Cary Eclipse fluorescence spectrophotometer – unused, in original packaging (without software). As far as we know, the item has never been used and is in new condition. The original packaging is included and may show minor storage marks. Year of manufacture: 11/2022 Agilent Technologies Cary Eclipse fluorescence spectrophotometer Description: The Cary Eclipse G9800A is a high-quality fluorescence spectrophotometer for research, laboratory, and industrial applications. It offers exceptional sensitivity, speed, and ease of use and is ideal for applications in biochemistry, pharmaceuticals, environmental analysis, and materials research. Technical data: Light source: Xenon flash lamp Wavelength range: 200–900 nm Measurement modes: Emission and excitation spectra Time-resolved fluorescence Phosphorescence Ljdpfx Aezia Iqslbjah Excitation-emission matrix (3D scan) Software: Cary Eclipse software (not included) Detector: High-sensitivity photomultiplier (PMT) Scan speed: Very fast (up to 80 nm/s) Typical applications: Analysis of proteins, DNA, enzymes Detection of environmental contaminants such as PAHs Fluorescent dyes & markers Development of pharmaceutical active ingredients Manufacturer: Agilent Technologies (formerly Varian) Model: G9800A – Cary Eclipse fluorescence spectrophotometer Included: Device, power cord, manual Power supply / connection data: Power connection: IEC C14 socket (standard power connector, as used for PCs) → Connection via standard power cable Mains voltage: 100–240 V AC, 50/60 Hz (automatically switching) Power consumption: Approx. 150–200 W (depending on operating mode) Fuse: Internally installed, typically T2A or T3.15A Weight: approx. 28–32 kg Scope of delivery: (See picture) (Changes and errors in the technical data are subject to change!) We will gladly answer any further questions you may have by phone.

Condition: good (used), Agilent HPLC system - including PC & software The list price includes the following 1100 series modules: - tray - degasser - pump - autosampler - column oven - VWD detector We can built almost any kind of HPLC setup according to your need. For the exact pricing please inquire. Available modules: Brand Series Model Type Quantity Agilent 1100 G1310A ISO pump 1 Agilent 1100 G1311A Quat pump 4 Agilent 1100 G1313A ALS 1 Agilent 1100 G1314A VWD 7 Agilent 1100 G1315A DAD 1 Agilent 1100 G1315B DAD 4 Agilent 1100 G1316A Column Oven 1 Agilent 1100 G1318A Column Oven 6 Agilent 1100 G1329A ALS 1 Agilent 1100 G1330A ALS Therm 1 Agilent 1100 G1330B ALS Therm 1 Agilent 1100 G1361A Prep pump 2 Agilent 1100 G1367A Well plate auto sampler 4 Agilent 1100 G1376A CAP pump 1 Agilent 1100 G1379A Degasser 4 Agilent 1100 G1379B Degasser 4 Agilent 1100 G2260A Prep ALS 1 Agilent 1200 G1315D DAD 1 Lsdpfx Alsvk U Ncjbsah Agilent 1200 G1330B FC/ ALS Therm 1 Agilent 1200 G1364C Analytical FC 1 Agilent 1200 G1367B Well plate ALS 1 Agilent 1260 G1314F VWD 1 Agilent 1290 G1330B Thermostat 2 Any questions please feel free to ask. Please check out our other listings as well.

Condition: good (used), Manufacturer : Flygt Type : 2101 Laedpfxjt H Nc Es Albeh Overall dimensions : 650 x 490 x 790 mm Electrical data : 400 V; 80 A; 32 KW; 2000 rpm Lifting height : 20 m Weight : 100 kg

Year of construction: 2020, condition: used, This listing is for Agilent Technologies Magnis NGS Prep System The unit is in full working condition and ready for immediate use The Agilent Magnis NGS Prep System is a compact, fully automated benchtop platform designed for next-generation sequencing library preparation. It streamlines complex workflows, offering walk-away automation, consistent reproducibility, and high-quality results for genomics laboratories. Transparency Report and Technical Audit: Software and Media Disclosure: As a Direct-from-Lab asset, any original software media or accessories found with the unit are included as a courtesy. Licensing Notice: We do not provide, transfer, or guarantee software licenses or keys. The buyer is responsible for all software licensing, registration, and workstation compatibility via the manufacturer. Lodpe Aaq Slofx Albjah Notice for Procurement: This unit is sold As-Is. While we verify the power-on status and physical integrity, we do not perform analytical validation, fluidic testing, or operational calibration. Ideal for labs with in-house technical expertise or existing service agreements. Sustainability Impact: By choosing Direct Reuse, your facility avoids the carbon footprint of new manufacturing and prevents specialized materials from entering waste streams. Direct-to-Lab reuse is the most carbon-efficient way to equip a modern laboratory

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Agilent 1200 series G1160A 12/13 Sel Valve. The Agilent 1200 Series valves provide the user a comprehensive solutions for more flexibility through solvent selection and column selection. They offer new automation capabilities for sample preparation as well as higher sample throughput with alternating column regeneration. The Agilent 1200 Series valves are fully integrated in the CAN environment (control area network) of the Agilent 1200 Series LC system and can be controlled by the Agilent ChemStation Software. Liquid contacts: Stainless steel and PEEK Port size: Accepts 10-32 male threaded fittings Flow passage diameters: 1.0-mm (0.040”) Volume in flow passage: Stator (includes stator face seal) 6.4 µl/hole, rotor seal 4.0 µl/groov Maximum pressure: 21 MPa (207 bar, 3000 psi) Recommended flow range: 0.2 – 100 ml/min (at high pressures, after the pump) 0.2 – 10 ml/min (at low pressures, in front of the pump 2 for sale. 1 piece/890 EUR. Good working condition. Please check out our other listings as well. Ledpouavnysfx Albjah

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2020, functionality: fully functional, DP Pumps Pump Set HU 4 UL DPV15/4 SVP NW100 R L LEFT Manufacturer: DP Pumps Model: HU 4 UL DPV15/4 SVP NW100 R L LEFT ID: 0945600033 Year of manufacture: 08/2020 Power supply: 3x400 V, 50 Hz Current consumption: 32.2 A Pump dimensions: 1350 mm × 900 mm × 950 mm Control cabinet dimensions: 600 mm × 350 mm × 1520 mm Configuration: Four-pump booster set Lsdpfxsxvizto Albeah The DP Pumps HU 4 UL DPV15/4 SVP NW100 pump set is a modern, energy-efficient booster unit designed for automatic pressure increase in water supply systems. Equipped with four vertical multistage DPV15/4 pumps, it ensures stable operation, high performance, and optimal energy consumption. The integrated control cabinet allows precise management of pump operation – automatic start/stop, speed control, and system protection against dry running and overload.

Condition: excellent (used), I am offering for sale a professional RF signal generator, the Agilent 83651B Synthesized Sweeper, designed for laboratory, research and development, and service applications. This device is used for testing microwave circuits, telecommunications equipment, and high-frequency measurements. Model 83651B offers a wide frequency range from 10 MHz to 50 GHz, making it ideal for laboratories involved in electronics, microwave technology, and telecommunications. The device is equipped with numerous measurement and control connectors, a GPIB interface, 10 MHz reference inputs and outputs, and the ability to interface with other measuring instruments. The equipment comes from a dismantled laboratory. It has not been tested by us and is sold as a used device. The visual condition is shown in the attached photos. Technical specifications: Manufacturer: Agilent Technologies Model: 83651B Type: Synthesized Sweeper / RF Signal Generator Frequency range: 10 MHz – 50 GHz Power supply: 230 V AC, 48–66 Hz Communication interface: GPIB (IEEE-488) 10 MHz reference input and output Control inputs and outputs (Trigger, Sweep, FM, AM, Pulse) Applications: laboratories, research and development, telecommunications, microwave technology, RF measurements Condition Used device. Lasdpfsz Snd Ejx Albjh Not tested. Good visual condition, with normal signs of use visible in the photos. Sold in the exact condition as shown in the photographs.

Year of construction: 2017, condition: used, This listing is for the Agilent Biotek 405 TS Microplate Washer The unit is in full working condition and is ready for immediate release BioTek 405 TS Microplate Washer 405TSRS Plate Carrier Source Bottle Waste Bottle Laedpfx Aexv D Hwolbeh Communication and power cables, and hoses Configuration Details: Manifold Type: 96-tube (8x12) Microplate Types: 96; Standard Plate Profile Volume Range: 50 – 3,000 uL/well Shaking: Yes Soaking: Yes Sonication: Yes Number of Dispensing Liquids: 1 Wash Speed: 96-well, 3 cycles, 300 uL/well:

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Core Analytical Performance • Mass Range: m/z 15 – 1,650 • Scan Rate: 5,200 atomic mass units per second (u/sec) • Mass Accuracy: 0.1 u across the entire mass range • Mass Stability: < 0.1 u over a 24-hour period • Dynamic Range: > 6.5 × 10⁶ • Mass Resolution: Three user-selectable settings (Full Width at Half Maximum): Lajdpo Aaylzofx Alboh • Unit: 0.7 u • Wide: 1.2 u • Widest: 2.5 u Ionization & Hardware Configuration • Supported Ionization Sources: Electrospray Ionization (ESI), Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization (APCI), Nanospray with HPLC-Chip Cube MS interface, and Multimode source (simultaneous ESI and APCI). • Collision Cell: High-pressure, hexapole geometry equipped with linear acceleration to eliminate cross-talk and optimize fragmentation. • Scan Modes: MS scan, MS/MS Product Ion scan, Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM), Precursor Ion scan, Neutral Loss/Gain scan, and Selected Ion Monitoring (SIM). • Polarity Switching: Fast positive/negative switching programmed by time segments. • Vacuum System: One triple-stage turbomolecular pump backed by a standard mechanical foreline roughing pump. Physical & Utility Requirements • Dimensions: Approximately 18.5" H × 43.5" W × 26" D (47 cm × 111 cm × 66 cm) • Weight: ~236.5 lbs (107.5 kg) • Power Supply: 200 – 240 VAC, Single-phase, max consumption around 2700–2850 VA Good working condition. Please check out our other listings as well.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2021, operating hours: 1 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 229404, overall weight: 50 kg, power: 2.8 kW (3.81 HP), input voltage: 400 V, input frequency: 50 Hz, input current: 4 A, Purchased and installed. Found to be too strong so removed. It has been used a total of 10 minutes. 1250L/min 3 Phase Laodpfxsrqgaus Alboh Max head. 20m IP68

Year of construction: 2020, condition: used, This listing is for Agilent MagnisDx NGS Prep System The unit is in full working condition and ready for immediate use The Agilent MagnisDx is an automated benchtop system for NGS library preparation and target enrichment. It supports automated workflows using Agilent SureSelect chemistry, with barcode checking, pre-set protocols and integrated workflow automation for reproducible results Transparency Report and Technical Audit: Software and Media Disclosure: As a Direct-from-Lab asset, any original software media or accessories found with the unit are included as a courtesy. Ljdpfx Alezw Dv Iebsah Licensing Notice: We do not provide, transfer, or guarantee software licenses or keys. The buyer is responsible for all software licensing, registration, and workstation compatibility via the manufacturer. Notice for Procurement: This unit is sold As-Is. While we verify the power-on status and physical integrity, we do not perform analytical validation, fluidic testing, or operational calibration. Ideal for labs with in-house technical expertise or existing service agreements. Sustainability Impact: By choosing Direct Reuse, your facility avoids the carbon footprint of new manufacturing and prevents specialized