Used Abb 2X Irb 4600-60/2.05 Type C for sale (87,942)

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2014, operating hours: 33,394 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: Roboter: 4600-101312 & 4600-101313 / Steuerung:, overall weight: 1,150 kg, load capacity: 60 kg, arm reach: 2,050 mm, ABB industrial robot dual system with 2x IRB 4600-60/2.05 Type C and IRC5 M2004 dual controller for industrial automation processes. Condition: used and tested. Typical applications include handling, assembly, machining, and synchronized automation tasks. Payload: 60 kg with a reach of 2050 mm, manufactured in 2014, with 33,394 operating hours and RobotWare 5.15.9100.10 software. Equipped with an ABB FlexPendant programming teach pendant, 2x interconnect cable sets, and software options including MultiMove Independent 604-2, Multitasking 623-1, PROFINET IO m/s, DeviceNet Master/Slave, and PC Interface. Ledszamgijpfx Af Sert

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2014, operating hours: 28,110 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: Robot: 4600-101310 & 4600-101311 / Controller: 4600-101312, overall weight: 1,130 kg, load capacity: 60 kg, arm reach: 2,050 mm, ABB industrial robot dual system featuring 2x IRB 4600-60/2.05 Type C robots and an IRC5 M2004 dual controller for industrial automation processes. The system is used and has been tested. Typical applications include handling, assembly, machining, and synchronized automation tasks. The payload capacity is 60 kg with a reach of 2050 mm. It was manufactured in 2014 and has 28,110 operating hours, running RobotWare software version 5.15.9100.10. The system is equipped with an ABB FlexPendant teach pendant, cable sets for motor and data connections, and the following software options: MultiMove Independent 604-2, Multitasking 623-1, PROFINET IO m/s, DeviceNet Master/Slave, PC Interface, and HOMEPOSRUNNING V6.03. Ledpfezamk Ijx Af Sjrt

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2013, operating hours: 12,310 h, functionality: fully functional, overall weight: 575 kg, load capacity: 45 kg, arm reach: 2,050 mm, ABB industrial robot featuring an IRB 4600-45/2.05 Type C manipulator and an IRC5 M2004 controller, designed for industrial automation applications. The unit is used and has been tested. Typical applications include handling, assembly, machining, and general automation. It has a payload capacity of 45 kg and a reach of 2050 mm. Manufactured in 2013, it has accumulated 12,310 operating hours and is running RobotWare software version 5.15.0266.00. It is equipped with a FlexPendant teach pendant, two connection cable sets, and a power cable. Lrodpjzamidjfx Af Sot

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2018, operating hours: 7,490 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: Robot: 4600-107494 / Controller: 4600-107494, overall weight: 538 kg, load capacity: 40 kg, arm reach: 2,550 mm, ABB industrial robot with IRB 4600 manipulator (variant: IRB 4600-40/2.55 Type C) and IRC5 Single controller for industrial automation applications. Condition: used and tested. Typical applications include handling, assembly, machining, and general automation. Payload: 40 kg with a reach of 2550 mm. Year of manufacture: 2018. Operating hours: 7490. Software: RobotWare RW 6.07.01.00. Equipped with an ABB FlexPendant programming device, connection cable set, and a Foundry Plus protective version with a label bearing the inscription “Foundry Plus”. Lredpfx Aezamf Ssf Sot

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2017, operating hours: 18,243 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: Robot: 4600-105209 / Controller: 4600-105209, overall weight: 562 kg, load capacity: 40 kg, arm reach: 2,550 mm, ABB industrial robot with IRB 4600 manipulator (variant: IRB 4600-40/2.55 Type C) and IRC5 Single controller for industrial automation applications. Condition: used and tested. Typical applications include handling, assembly, machining, and general automation. Payload: 40 kg with a reach of 2550 mm, manufactured in 2017, with 18,243 operating hours and RobotWare RW 6.05.00.00 software. Equipped with an ABB FlexPendant teach pendant and a connection cable set. Lredpezamc Dofx Af Set

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2022, operating hours: 9,118 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: Robot: 4600-110103 / Controller: 4600-110103, overall weight: 585 kg, load capacity: 40 kg, arm reach: 2,550 mm, ABB industrial robot with IRB 4600 manipulator (variant: IRB 4600-40/2.55 Type C) and IRC5 Single controller for industrial automation applications. Condition is used and tested. Typical applications include handling, assembly, machining, and general automation. Payload is 40 kg with a reach of 2550 mm, manufactured in 2020, with 9118 operating hours, and RobotWare RW 6.10.02.00 software. Equipped with an ABB FlexPendant programming pendant, a connection cable set, and a Foundry Plus protection version with a “Foundry Plus” label. Lrodjzamcwspfx Af Sjt

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2022, operating hours: 9,652 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: Robot: 4600-109931 / Controller: 4600-109931, overall weight: 585 kg, load capacity: 40 kg, arm reach: 2,550 mm, ABB industrial robot with IRB 4600 manipulator (variant: IRB 4600-40/2.55 Type C) and IRC5 Single controller for industrial automation applications. The unit is used and has been tested. Typical applications include handling, assembly, machining, and general automation. The payload is 40 kg, with a reach of 2550 mm. It was manufactured in 2020 and has 9652 operating hours. The software version is RobotWare RW 6.10.01.00. It is equipped with an ABB FlexPendant teach pendant, a connection cable set, and a Foundry Plus protective version, indicated by the “Foundry Plus” marking. Lodpfx Afjzamcdo Sert

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2019, operating hours: 9,580 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: Robot: 4600-109272 / Controller: 4600-109272, overall weight: 570 kg, load capacity: 40 kg, arm reach: 2,550 mm, ABB industrial robot with IRB 4600 manipulator (variant: IRB 4600-40/2.55 Type C) and IRC5 Single controller for industrial automation applications. Condition: used and tested. Typical applications include handling, assembly, machining, and general automation. Payload: 40 kg with a reach of 2550 mm, manufactured in 2019, with 9580 operating hours. Equipped with ABB FlexPendant programming device, connection cable set, and Foundry Plus protection version with “Foundry Plus” marking. Ledpszambmefx Af Sert

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2019, operating hours: 9,327 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: Roboter: 4600-108236 / Steuerung: 4600-108236, overall weight: 654 kg, load capacity: 40 kg, arm reach: 2,550 mm, ABB industrial robot with IRB 4600-40/2.55 Type C manipulator and IRC5 Single controller for industrial automation applications. Condition is used and tested. Typical applications include handling, assembly, machining, and general automation. The payload is 40 kg with a reach of 2550 mm. It was manufactured in 2019 and has 9327 operating hours. The software version is RobotWare 6.08.00.01. It is equipped with an ABB FlexPendant programming device, a cable set, and the software options Multitasking and HomePosRunning. Lrjdezak E Njpfx Af Sjt

Condition: refurbished (used), Year of construction: 2016, machine/vehicle number: R-00672, load capacity: 60 kg, arm reach: 2,050 mm, controller manufacturer: IRC5, teach pendant manufacturer: DSQC679, Refurbished ABB IRB 4600-60/2.05 manufactured in 2016.05. The robot comes with an IRC5 controller including Flexpendant DSQC679.   Our experts extensively tested the robot, after which we conducted a maintenance service according to the manufacturers’ specifications. The oil is examined for the amount of iron particles, indicating the corresponding axes' condition. Only robots in excellent mechanical condition will be completely refurbished, ensuring a long-term solution for our customers. This enables us to deliver our robots with a warranty term of 12 months as standard!   Brand: ABB Model: IRB 4600-60/2.05 Model Number: IRB Year of Manufacture Robot: 2016.05 Warranty term (months): 12   Payload (kg): 60 Reach (mm): 2050 Repeatability (mm): ± 0.05 Controlled Axes: 6-axis Installation Type: Floor, Upside-down Mount Weight (kg): 425   Lredpfx Afjz D I S De Set Controller: IRC5 Year of Manufacture Cabinet: 2016.05 RCC Length (m): 14   Teach Pendant: DSQC679 Teach Pendant Cable Length (m): 15

Condition: refurbished (used), Year of construction: 2016, machine/vehicle number: R-00674, load capacity: 60 kg, arm reach: 2,050 mm, controller manufacturer: IRC5, teach pendant manufacturer: DSQC679, Refurbished ABB IRB 4600-60/2.05 manufactured in 2016.09. The robot comes with an IRC5 controller including Flexpendant DSQC679.   Ljdpfx Aez Af Rkef Sort Our experts extensively tested the robot, after which we conducted a maintenance service according to the manufacturers’ specifications. The oil is examined for the amount of iron particles, indicating the corresponding axes' condition. Only robots in excellent mechanical condition will be completely refurbished, ensuring a long-term solution for our customers. This enables us to deliver our robots with a warranty term of 12 months as standard!   Brand: ABB Model: IRB 4600-60/2.05 Model Number: IRB Year of Manufacture Robot: 2016.09 Warranty term (months): 12   Payload (kg): 60 Reach (mm): 2050 Repeatability (mm): ± 0.05 Controlled Axes: 6-axis Installation Type: Floor, Upside-down Mount Weight (kg): 425   Controller: IRC5 Year of Manufacture Cabinet: 2016.08 RCC Length (m): 14   Teach Pendant: DSQC679 Teach Pendant Cable Length (m): 15

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2016, operating hours: 1,171 h, functionality: fully functional, load capacity: 60 kg, arm reach: 2,050 mm, controller manufacturer: ABB, controller model: IRC5, teach pendant manufacturer: ABB, teach pendant model: FlexPendant, ABB IRB 4600-60/2.05 – 6-axis industrial robot with IRC5 controller and FlexPendant The ABB IRB 4600-60/2.05 industrial robot is designed for demanding production applications and process automation. Its 60 kg payload capacity and 2050 mm reach provide high dynamic performance, high rigidity, and excellent positioning accuracy. The offered set comes from the research and development (R&D) department and includes a complete system ready for integration. The robot is ideal for applications such as: - CNC machine tending, - transferring and manipulating parts, - assembly, - packaging, - palletizing, - vision systems, - grinding and surface finishing, - R&D workstations. The set includes: - ABB IRB 4600-60/2.05 robot, - ABB IRC5 controller, - ABB FlexPendant operator panel, - complete set of robot cables. The robot has the following licenses: Advanced Robot Motion, Absolute Accuracy, PROFINET Controller/Device, World Zones, Independent Axis, Path Recovery, Path Offset, Collision Detection, PC Interface, FlexPendant Interface, Multitasking, Sensor Interface, UDPUC Driver, Externally Guided Motion (EGM). Technical condition The robot starts up correctly and communicates with the IRC5 controller. The operator panel displays message 38200 – Battery backup lost. This indicates a loss of power to the battery that supports the encoders (SMB Battery). This is a typical message after the battery has been discharged or disconnected and does not indicate a defect in the robot. After replacing the battery, a calibration/axis synchronization procedure will be necessary. Duty Time Counter: 1171 h Specification Manufacturer: ABB Model: IRB 4600-60/2.05 Year of manufacture: 2016 Payload: 60 kg Reach: 2050 mm Number of axes: 6 Controller: IRC5 Operator panel: ABB FlexPendant Lrsdpjzkbpfjfx Af Set RobotWare: 6.08.00.01 Condition: used We provide a start-up guarantee.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2021, operating hours: 2,600 h, ABB IRB4600-45/2.05 robot and IRC5 controller-TPU-RW6.X DEVELOPMENT OF GSG ROBOTICS GSG Robotics GmbH, founded in 2005 in Gütersloh, has been based in Marl since 2015, serving a large area for robot maintenance and repair. Over the years, we have developed into a comprehensive partner for all matters relating to industrial robots and automation technology. We are a full-service provider for the two well-known robot manufacturers, ABB and Fanuc. Lrodpjzxbkfofx Af Set

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2019, operating hours: 6,000 h, functionality: fully functional, load capacity: 3 kg, arm reach: 1,130 mm, No minimum price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! Auction of two ABB IRB 360 (Flexpicker) robots including vision system! TECHNICAL DETAILS Payload: 3 kg Working area diameter: 1,130 mm Positional repeatability: 0.03–0.1 mm Path repeatability: 0.1–0.33 mm MACHINE DETAILS Weight: 120 kg Supply voltage: 200–600 V Supply frequency: 60 Hz Power consumption at maximum load: 0.477 kW Payload for pick-and-place cycle: 1 kg Ambient temperature: 0 to +45 °C Relative humidity: max. 95 % Noise level: < 70 dB(A) Emissions: EMC/EMI shielded Lrjdpfx Afsznh T Eo Sjt Operating hours: 6,000 h

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2009, operating hours: 41,696 h, overall weight: 1,040 kg, load capacity: 60 kg, arm reach: 1,960 mm, controller manufacturer: ABB, controller model: IRC5, The IRB 4400 is a 6-axis industrial robot, designed specifically for manufacturing industries that use flexible robot-based automation. The robot has built-in process ware, an open structure that is specially adapted for flexible use, and can communicate extensively with external systems. Specifications: Payload: 60 kg Arm Reach: 1960 mm Model Type: IRB4400 Controller: IRC5 Model Year: 2009 Working hours: 41969 Conditions: Used & Tested & Battery Changed & Painted Included: Manipulator + IRC5 Control Cabin + All Wire Sets + Teach Pendant Contact us to request the robot working video and position repeatability test video ! We have a dedicated team handling these robots. If you share details about your project, we can recommend the most suitable robot for your needs and provide support throughout your project. We have big range of robots in stock, and if you are considering bulk purchases, we would be happy to offer a discount. The same model is available from the same or different production years, and bulk purchases can benefit from special pricing. Lrjdpfx Aswp Nbcsf Sot As PLC Merkezi EOOD, we have more than 300 robots in our inventory and deal with the brands of KUKA, ABB, FANUC and Motoman.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2008, operating hours: 34,160 h, functionality: fully functional, overall weight: 1,040 kg, load capacity: 60 kg, controller model: IRC5, The IRB 4400 serie is ABB Robotics latest generation of high payload, high performance industrial robots. With a focus on high production capacity, compact design and low weight, simple service and low maintenance cost. The IRB 4400 is ideal for process applications, regardless of industry. Typical areas are for example Spot Welding, Material Handling and Machine Tending. Year: 2008 (Multiple options available) Cabinet: IRC5 Teach Pendant: Included Condition: Used & Painted Signalling & Power Cables: Included (15m) Please contact us for a quote and also the refurbishment options. As PLC Merkezi EOOD, we have more than 300 robots in our inventory and deal with the brand of KUKA, ABB, FANUC and Motoman. Lredpowf U T Aofx Af Sst (Source: ABB's Website)

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2022, operating hours: 100 h, overall weight: 435 kg, load capacity: 40 kg, arm reach: 2,500 mm, The robot comes complete with accessories and can be tested under power on site. Lredpfxjyrd Sge Af Sjt

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2007, operating hours: 49,703 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: Roboter 1: 24-53147 / Roboter 2: 24-53148, overall weight: 910 kg, load capacity: 7 kg, arm reach: 1,800 mm, ABB industrial robot dual system with 2x IRB 2400L Type B and IRC5 M2004 MultiMove controller for industrial automation applications. The unit is used and has been tested. Typical applications include handling, assembly, dispensing, application, and synchronized automation. It has a payload of 7 kg and a reach of 1800 mm, was manufactured in 2007, and has 49,703 operating hours. The software version is RobotWare 5.13.2039.02. It is equipped with a MultiMove system configuration for synchronized operation of two robot arms, as well as the software options MultiMove Independent, SingleProcess, Dispense, World Zones, Fixed Position Events, Path Recovery, Collision Detection, File and Serial Channel Handling, Logical Cross Connections, Analog Signal Interrupt, and Multitasking. Lrsdpfxezal Tzo Af Sjt

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2014, 2x ABB FlexPicker robot IRB360 M2004 - Year 2014 Ledpfx Ajtzxbgof Sort The two robots must be removed from the system yourself! We have a total of 10 ABB FlexPicker robots available. Further details and scope of delivery see photo. Technical data see type plate. Item condition: used, untested condition: used, untested sample photos sample pictures A viewing in Rietberg is possible! For further questions you can contact us by email. The sale takes place exclusively to commercial interested parties for commercial purposes and under exclusion of any warranty for material and legal defects! With your purchase you confirm that you are working commercially or as a freelancer. Otherwise you violate our terms and conditions!

Condition: refurbished (used), Year of construction: 2019, machine/vehicle number: R-00604, load capacity: 45 kg, arm reach: 2,050 mm, controller manufacturer: IRC5, teach pendant manufacturer: DSQC679, Refurbished ABB 4600-45/2.05 manufactured in 2019.01. The robot comes with an IRC5 controller including Flexpendant DSQC679.   Our experts extensively tested the robot, after which we conducted a maintenance service according to the manufacturers’ specifications. The oil is examined for the amount of iron particles, indicating the corresponding axes' condition. Only robots in excellent mechanical condition will be completely refurbished, ensuring a long-term solution for our customers. This enables us to deliver our robots with a warranty term of 12 months as standard!   Brand: ABB Model: 4600-45/2.05 Model Number: IRB Year of Manufacture Robot: 2019.01 Warranty term (months): 12   Payload (kg): 45 Reach (mm): 2050 Repeatability (mm): ± 0.05 Controlled Axes: 6-axis Installation Type: Floor, Upside-down Mount Weight (kg): 425   Controller: IRC5 Year of Manufacture Cabinet: 2019.01 RCC Length (m): 14 Lrjdpfez D I Tujx Af Sst   Teach Pendant: DSQC679 Teach Pendant Cable Length (m): 15

Condition: refurbished (used), Year of construction: 2011, machine/vehicle number: R-00695, load capacity: 45 kg, arm reach: 2,050 mm, controller manufacturer: IRC5, teach pendant manufacturer: DSQC679, Refurbished ABB 4600-45/2.05 manufactured in 2011.03. The robot comes with an IRC5 controller including Flexpendant DSQC679.   Our experts extensively tested the robot, after which we conducted a maintenance service according to the manufacturers’ specifications. The oil is examined for the amount of iron particles, indicating the corresponding axes' condition. Only robots in excellent mechanical condition will be completely refurbished, ensuring a long-term solution for our customers. This enables us to deliver our robots with a warranty term of 12 months as standard!   Brand: ABB Model: 4600-45/2.05 Model Number: IRB Year of Manufacture Robot: 2011.03 Warranty term (months): 12   Payload (kg): 45 Reach (mm): 2050 Repeatability (mm): ± 0.05 Controlled Axes: 6-axis Installation Type: Floor, Upside-down Mount Weight (kg): 425   Controller: IRC5 Year of Manufacture Cabinet: {year_of_manufacture_cabinet} RCC Length (m): 14 Lodpfx Afjz Dz Hbe Ssrt   Teach Pendant: DSQC679 Teach Pendant Cable Length (m): 15

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2017, load capacity: 40 kg, arm reach: 2,550 mm, number of axes: 6, This 6-axis ABB IRB 4600-40/2.55 was manufactured in 2017. It features a payload capacity of 40 kg and a maximum reach of 2,550 mm. With a net weight of 435 kg, this robot arm is designed for versatile applications. If you are looking to get high-quality automation capabilities, consider the ABB IRB 4600-40/2.55 robot arm we have for sale. Contact us for further details. Lrjdoz Aqdpopfx Af Set • 3x units available • Payload: 40 kg • Reach: 2.55 m • Armload: 20 kg • Protection Rating: Standard (IP67) • Net Weight (Mechanical Unit): 435 kg (Nameplate) / 465 kg (Data Sheet) • Number of Axes: 6 + 3 external (up to 36 with MultiMove) • Mounting Position: Floor, shelf, inverted or tilted • Controller: Robot Cabinet ROBOT 300R3 / OmniCore V250XT, V400XT • Axis 1 Rotation Working Range: +180° to -180° • Axis 1 Max Speed: 175°/s • Axis 2 Arm Working Range: +150° to -90° • Axis 2 Max Speed: 175°/s • Axis 3 Arm Working Range: +75° to -180° • Axis 3 Max Speed: 175°/s • Axis 4 Wrist Working Range: +400° to -400° • Axis 4 Max Speed: 250°/s • Axis 5 Bend Working Range: +120° to -125° • Axis 5 Max Speed: 250°/s • Axis 6 Turn Working Range: +400° to -400° • Axis 6 Max Speed: 360°/s • Position Repeatability: 0.06 mm • Path Repeatability: 0.28 mm • Robot Base Dimensions: 512 x 676 mm • Robot Height: 1922 mm • Supply Voltage: 200-600 V, 50-60 Hz • Operating Ambient Temperature: +5°C (41°F) to +45°C (113°F)

Condition: refurbished (used), machine/vehicle number: R-00681, load capacity: 45 kg, arm reach: 2,050 mm, controller manufacturer: IRC5, teach pendant manufacturer: DSQC679, Refurbished ABB 4600-45/2.05 manufactured in {year_of_manufacture_robot}. The robot comes with an IRC5 controller including Flexpendant DSQC679.   Our experts extensively tested the robot, after which we conducted a maintenance service according to the manufacturers’ specifications. The oil is examined for the amount of iron particles, indicating the corresponding axes' condition. Only robots in excellent mechanical condition will be completely refurbished, ensuring a long-term solution for our customers. This enables us to deliver our robots with a warranty term of 12 months as standard!   Brand: ABB Model: 4600-45/2.05 Model Number: IRB Year of Manufacture Robot: {year_of_manufacture_robot} Warranty term (months): 12   Payload (kg): 45 Reach (mm): 2050 Repeatability (mm): ± 0.05 Controlled Axes: 6-axis Installation Type: Floor, Upside-down Mount Weight (kg): 425   Controller: IRC5 Year of Manufacture Cabinet: 2019.05 RCC Length (m): 14 Lrsdpfxozzmprj Af Sjt   Teach Pendant: DSQC679 Teach Pendant Cable Length (m): 15

Condition: refurbished (used), Year of construction: 2019, machine/vehicle number: R-00658, load capacity: 45 kg, arm reach: 2,050 mm, controller manufacturer: IRC5, teach pendant manufacturer: DSQC679, Refurbished ABB 4600-45/2.05 manufactured in 2019.04. The robot comes with an IRC5 controller including Flexpendant DSQC679.   Our experts extensively tested the robot, after which we conducted a maintenance service according to the manufacturers’ specifications. The oil is examined for the amount of iron particles, indicating the corresponding axes' condition. Only robots in excellent mechanical condition will be completely refurbished, ensuring a long-term solution for our customers. This enables us to deliver our robots with a warranty term of 12 months as standard!   Brand: ABB Model: 4600-45/2.05 Model Number: IRB Year of Manufacture Robot: 2019.04 Warranty term (months): 12   Payload (kg): 45 Reach (mm): 2050 Repeatability (mm): ± 0.05 Controlled Axes: 6-axis Installation Type: Floor, Upside-down Mount Weight (kg): 425   Controller: IRC5 Year of Manufacture Cabinet: 2019.04 Lsdpfxszychne Af Sjrt RCC Length (m): 14   Teach Pendant: DSQC679 Teach Pendant Cable Length (m): 15

Condition: ready for operation (used), overall weight: 1,780 kg, load capacity: 125 kg, arm reach: 3,200 mm, ABB IRB 6600-125/3.2 Type B M2004 Robot Load capacity: 125 kg Reach: 3200 mm Footprint: approx. 1,136 × 850 mm Path repeatability: approx. ±0.3 mm Positional repeatability: ±0.1 mm Axes: 6 Weight: 1780 kg Year of manufacture: 2007 You are welcome to visit us for an inspection. Lrsdpfxozz Hqcj Af Sst We can also arrange cost-effective shipping for you! You will receive a proper invoice. For foreign customers, a net invoice can also be issued. A valid VAT identification number is required. Subject to prior sale. Visit our shop and check out our other offers. The company names and trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners and are used solely for identification and description of the products. Deviations from technical data as well as errors in the description of the item may occur and are subject to change.