Used Three-Spindle Copy Milling Machine for sale (69,859)

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1990, No minimum price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! TECHNICAL DETAILS Travel ranges X-axis: 600 mm Y-axis: 500 mm Z-axis: 500 mm Work table Table size: 500 mm Feed rate and rapid traverse Feed rate range: 2–10,000 mm/min Rapid traverse: 10 m/min Spindle and tool holder Tool holder: ISO 40 Speed range: 0–6,300 rpm Main drive: 8 kW Control system CNC control: Dialog 11 Performance data Total power consumption: 23 kVA Njdsz S I Suspfx Ab Ajdc Machine weight: approx. 5,050 kg Dimensions Space requirement: approx. 3.0 × 2.5 × 2.0 m Overhaul and modernization Overhaul: 2010 by FPS Modernization: 2010 by FPS EQUIPMENT Splash guard cabin Rotary table as 4th axis Tool changer magazine with 40 positions Dialog 11 control

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1992, Technical details: Ndjdpfx Asu Idqbeb Aoc spindle diameter: 100 mm x-travel: 1500 mm y-travel: 1450 mm z-axis: 930 mm w-axis: 506 mm B-axis (table): 360 ° control for program: HdH TNC 407 tool taper: SK50 number of spindle speeds: 5 - 1.600 / stufenlos table load: 4,0 t table-size: 1100 x 1400 mm table rotating: 360 ° feed steps: X/Y/W/Z-Achse: 2 - 2000 mm/min Rapid feed X axis: X/Y/W/Z-Achse 5000 mm/min. total power requirement: 40 kW dimensions electric cabinet: 2000 x 600 x 2000 mm machine dimensions LxWxH: 4,9 x 3,7 x 3,8 m weight of the machine ca.: 14 t CNC drilling-milling machine with hydraulic power unit. Working paths from the table: X-axis table transverse 1500mm W-axis table longitudinal 1000mm 9x T-slots according to DIN 650 Equipment: measuring probe electronic handwheel hydr. weight compensation Y-axis universal milling head And some accessories, ask for them! i.D. *

Year of construction: 2011, condition: used, overall weight: 65,000 kg, total length: 13,700 mm, total width: 10,000 mm, total height: 5,300 mm, spindle motor power: 30,000 W, KEKEISEN PFW-T 4000/12 portal milling machine in a heavy, rigid design for machining large and heavy workpieces. Travel paths of 4,000 x 2,700 x 1,200 mm and a large worktable of approximately 4,000 x 1,800 mm with a table load capacity of 10,000 kg enable the machining of large-volume components. The machine is equipped with a universal milling head with 2 swivel axes and 5 - 1 degree steps NC controlled - adjustable positions (manually or optionally NC-controlled). Hirth gearing ensures precise angle settings. Powerful main spindle drive with approximately 30 kW. Speed range 20 – 7,000 rpm, maximum torque of approximately 1050 Nm. Additional equipment includes a 60-tool changer (KWE60), Chip conveyor, KNOLL filtration system, Hydac cooling units, and central lubrication. Feed rate up to 4 m/min, rapid traverse up to 18 m/min, and feed forces of approximately 30,000 N per axis underscore the robust design of the machine. Travel Y-axis: 2700 - mm Dimensions (LxWxH) approx.: 13700 x 10000 x 5300 mm Nodpfx Ao Adw Tdob Aedc Weight approx.: 65,000 kg Travel Z-axis: 1200 - mm Travel X-axis: 4000 - mm Spindle performance: 30 kW Control: Heidenhain TNC 530 Spindle speed: 7000 - rpm Year of construction: 2,011 Condition: in working order Terms of payment: 100% prepayment before pick-up Terms of delivery: From foundation under power: Yes

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2014, Knuth Sinus 330 x 1500 Knuth Sinus 330 x 1500 lathe, manufactured in 2014, in very good original condition. The machine comes from a special production run by a renowned German machine tool company. CE compliant!! Technical data: Year of manufacture: 2014 Knuth Sinus 330 x 1500 Working area: Workpiece length: 1,500 mm Turning diameter over bed: 660 mm Turning diameter over cross slide: 440 mm Turning diameter without bridge: 900 mm Bridge length: 320 mm Bed width: 400 mm Travel distances: Travel X-axis: 368 mm Travel Z1-axis: 230 mm Swivel range of top slide: 45° Main spindle: Spindle speed: 25 rpm - 1,600 rpm Spindle bore: 105 mm Spindle mounting: D1-8 Spindle taper: ø 113 mm / 1:20 Rapid traverse: Rapid traverse X-axis: 2,000 mm/min Rapid traverse Z-axis: 4,000 mm/min Tailstock: Tailstock spindle diameter: 90 mm Tailstock taper: 5 MK Tailstock quill stroke: 235 mm Tailstock cross slide: ± 12.5 mm Ndodsz Irwfopfx Ab Aec Drive power: Motor power, main drive: 7.5 kW Dimensions and weights: Dimensions (L x W x H): 3.21 m x 1.23 m x 1.6 m Weight: 2,800 kg About the machine: The Sinus D is the largest series in the universal lathe segment. Conventional lathes like this are characterized by their robust design and high versatility. The design follows a classic design, but is based on a heavy, one-piece cast machine bed. As with heavy-duty lathes, the power transmission between motor and spindle is also achieved here via a manual lamellar clutch. With integrated functions such as the removable bed bridge, rapid traverse, and a taper turning device, this series offers optional solutions for machining long workpieces or large flanges. One-piece heavy cast bed with high stability Massive headstock with large spindle bearings Rapid traverse in 2 axes for fast positioning Taper turning attachment for additional applications Well-designed safety features You can find more lathes from well-known manufacturers on our website.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1990, TECHNICAL DETAILS Travel ranges X-axis: 800 mm Y-axis: 550 mm Z-axis: 500 mm Work table Table size: 1,000 × 630 mm Feed rate and rapid traverse Feed rate range: 0–10,000 mm/min Rapid traverse: 10 m/min Spindle and tool holder Tool holder: ISO 40 Speed range: 20–4,000 rpm Main drive: 10 kW Control system CNC control: Dialog 11 Performance data Nodpsz S I D Dofx Ab Aodc Total power consumption: 15 kW Machine weight: approx. 6,500 kg Dimensions Space requirement: approx. 3.0 × 2.5 × 2.0 m Overhaul and modernization Overhaul: 2010 by FPS Modernization: 2010 by FPS EQUIPMENT Splash guard cabin Tool changer with 30 positions Dialog 11 control

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2003, 1 used, very well-maintained universal milling machine with 3-axis digital display FAGOR, stepless feed and overarm drive Manufacturer: ARSENAL, Bulgaria Model: FUV 321 M Year of manufacture: 2003 Technical data: Spindles: Spindle mounting, vertical + horizontal ISO 50 Speed range, vertical, stepless 30 – 2000 rpm Speed range, horizontal, stepless 30 – 2000 rpm Table: Table clamping surface 1350 x 320 mm X-axis, manual / mechanical 1100 / 1080 mm Y-axis, manual / mechanical 360 / 340 mm Z-axis, manual / mechanical 460 / 440 mm Overarm adjustment approx. 600 mm Table swiveling ± 45° max. distance table surface to horizontal spindle center 490 mm max. distance table surface to vertical spindle nose 630 mm Table adjustment: Feeds, longitudinal and transverse, stepless 12.5 – 630 mm/min dito, vertical, stepless 5 – 262 mm/min Rapid traverse, longitudinal and transverse 2.5 m/min dito, vertical 1.04 m/min Drive Drive power 7.5 kW Dimensions and weight Dimensions L x W x H 2000 x 2500 x 2050 mm Weight 3200 kg Accessories / Special features: • 3-axis digital display, manufacturer FAGOR, model NV 300 M • Universal milling head system “HURON”, adjustable manually over 2 levels • Stepless feed via joystick and potentiometer in all 3 axes • Stepless speed for vertical + horizontal via potentiometer with 2 servo drives, manufacturer TELEMECANIQUE, model Altivar 28 • Stepless feed and stepless speed with digital display each • Overarm with motorized drive of the universal milling head • Increased speed range up to 2000 rpm • Automatic machining cycle for the X-axis • Horizontal milling device with 2 opposing bearing blocks • Coolant system • Central lubrication system • Swarf drawer • Machine feet • Machine light • Operating manual • Electrical equipment CE • CE compliant Original new price: 65,800.00 € net Ndsdpebpmursfx Ab Aec The machine can be inspected and demonstrated at our warehouse at any time after prior appointment. Siegfried Volz Werkzeugmaschinen Ruüschebrinkstr. 151-153 D - 44143 Dortmund-Wambel

Condition: used, High-speed milling spindle HENNINGER Type 801 - N 503 with SK40-S20x2, suitable for DECKEL milling machine FP1, FP2, FP3, or FP4 Maximum speed: 6000 rpm at 70% duty cycle Nodpfxofxg T Ue Ab Asdc Gear ratio: 1:6 Power transmission: up to 2.5 kW Overhang: 110 mm (machine spindle to clamping nut) Tool holder: SK 40 - S20x2 Collets: Ø 2 / 2.5 / 3 / 3.5 / 4 / 4.5 / 5 / 7 / 8 / 9 / 10 / 11 / 12 / 13 / 14 / 15 / 16 mm in a wooden storage box The head is equipped with bronze gears for high torque. Weight: 5 kg Total weight: 9.4 kg in good condition

Condition: good (used), functionality: fully functional, Mikron WF 32 CH with Heidenhain TNC 355 Njdpfxs Afacqe Ab Ajdc

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2003, Tool holder, vertical + horizontal SK 40 Table size L x W 710 x 315 mm Speed range, vertical spindle 63 – 2500 rpm Speed range, horizontal spindle 45 – 1800 rpm Travel ranges: X-axis, longitudinal adjustment, automatic / manual 400 / 420 mm Y-axis, cross adjustment, automatic / manual 220 / 228 mm + cross slide 375 mm Ndedpfeziutzex Ab Aec Z-axis, vertical adjustment, automatic / manual 350 / 380 mm Adjustment of the quill, vertical, manual 80 mm Machine dimensions, approx. 1550 x 1620 x 1850 mm Machine weight, approx. 1300 kg Accessories / Special features: • 3-axis digital display, manufacturer HEIDENHAIN • Infinitely variable feeds with rapid traverse in the 2nd feed stage • Two working spindles for horizontal and vertical tool holders (vertical milling head does not need to be removed during machining when the horizontal spindle is in use) • Ball screw spindles for the X and Y axes, simultaneous milling in X and Y direction possible • Trapezoidal screw spindle, hardened and ground, for the Z axis (vertical) • All operating elements on one side, in the mobile control panel • Additional manual adjustment of the cross slide increases the working area of the machine, even beyond the table surface • Safety handwheels • Tool holder according to DIN 2080 – steep taper ISO 40 • Automatic central lubrication for speed and feed gears • Vertical milling head with quill, swiveling L+R • Fixed angle table 315 x 710 with 5 slots 12 mm, spacing 63 mm • Tool clamping spindles, horizontal and vertical • Splash guard made of Plexiglas on 3 sides of the horizontal table • Coolant system • CE compliant TOP condition! Siegfried Volz Werkzeugmaschinen Rüschebrinkstr. 151-153 DE - 44143 Dortmund - Wambel / Germany

Condition: used, Technical details: x-travel: 500 mm y-travel: 380 mm z-travel: 330 mm control: Siemens 840 D / 810 D spindle cone ISO: vertikal/horizontal: 40 table surface area: 400x800 fest mm spindle turning speed - continuous: verikal/horizontal: 35-1800 U/min spindle head swivable left - right: 90 ° Nodpfx Abou Nc R Ns Ajdc rapid traverse X,Y: 3,15 mm/min. rapid traverse Z-axis: 1,6 m/min feed continuous: X/Y/Z: 6,3 - 1250 Total power requirement: 7,4 kW Weight approx.: 1,8 t dimension machine xH: 1,8 x 2,2 x 1,8 m dimensions electric cabinet LxWxH: 0,5 x 0,85 x 2,1 m Machine was rebuilt in 2002, modernized with a modern control Siemens 840D/810D shopmill. - adjustment travel via counter holder slide: 440mm Equipment: - cooling system - control panel with jib arm Accessories: - various collet sleeves - div. SK 40 tapers - various milling arbors i.D. *

Condition: used, Manufacturer: MAHO, Type: MH 700, Serial No. 71249, Travel range X/Y/Z 700 x 450 x 450 mm, Tool holder SK 40, Table size approx. 900 x 400 mm, Control system, Manufacturer: SIPRO, Type: SIAX 121 +++ ATTENTION: This machine is part of an online auction! +++ Ndodez Tqxgepfx Ab Aec

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1980, Technical details: x-travel: 820 mm y-travel: 300 mm z-travel: 485 mm spindle taper ISO: SK 40 spindle head swivable left - right: 0 - 45° rechts/links ° quill travel: 80 mm range of revolution per miute: 56 - 355 und 450 - 2800 U/min feed:: X/Y: 10 - 80 und 80 - 630 mm/min rapid traverse : X/Y: 3150mm mm/min Table dimensions: 1700 x 400 mm Nsdowtct Tjpfx Ab Asdc table surface area: 1120 x 205 mm total power requirement: 7,5 kW kW machine weight approx.: 2120 kg dimension machine approx.LxWxH: 1,7 x 1,7 x 2.5 m additional features: -Table adjustment via machine see X/Y and Z data -table adjustment by hand X/Y/Z: 850/330/505mm milling arbor reception max. Ø 40mm operation via control panel incl. 4 pieces foot plates *

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2017, Manufacturer: DMG MORI, Type: DMU 75 monoBLOCK, Year of manufacture: 2017, Serial number: 12430007443, Operating hours: 28,368, Spindle hours: 11,627, Control system, Manufacturer: Heidenhain, Type: iTNC 530, 21" Operator terminal ERGOline Touchscreen, Tool changer, 63-position SK 40, Travel range X/Y/Z: 735 x 650 x 560 mm, Spindle speed max.: 12,000 rpm, Machine table clamping area: 1,000 x 650 mm, Coolant system, Oil mist extraction, Chip conveyor, Chip cart Nsdpfx Aboz Tluce Asdc +++ IMPORTANT: This machine is part of an online auction! +++

Condition: used, machine/vehicle number: 2806-0743, No minimum price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! Loading: December 1st to December 10th. TECHNICAL DETAILS Travel distances X-axis travel: 800 mm Y-axis travel: 550 mm Z-axis travel: 500 mm Spindle quill travel: 80 mm Work table Table clamping area: 1,000 × 550 mm Spindle and tool holder Spindle speed: 0–5,000 rpm Tool holder: SK 40 Ndedj Aa A Hnjpfx Ab Asc Feed rate and rapid traverse Feed rate: 2–6,000 mm/min Rapid traverse: 6.0 m/min Performance data Total power consumption: 12 kW Machine weight: approx. 3.9 t Dimensions Length: 2,200 mm Width: 2,800 mm Height: 2,400 mm EQUIPMENT No information on accessories available.

Condition: used, total height: 2,000 mm, total width: 1,500 mm, total length: 1,800 mm, Year of manufacture: 1967 Colour: Grey Empty weight: 3.000 kg - Year: 1967 - Documentation available: Yes - CE certificate present: No - Serial number: 2166 - Drive system: Conventional Ndedpfx Aoyym Rieb Ajc - Horizontal/vertical: vertical - Power [kW]: 4.5 - Number of axes [pcs]: 3 - X-axis travel [mm]: 900 - Y-axis travel [mm]: 220 - Z-axis travel [mm]: 380 - B-axis rotation [°]: 360 - Table length [mm]: 1300 - Table width [mm]: 300 - Tool holder: ISO40 - Main spindle power [kW]: 3.5 - Min. spindle speed [rpm]: 40 - Max. spindle speed [rpm]: 1360 - Transport dimensions: 1800mm x 1500mm x 2000mm (l x w x h) - Transport weight [kg]: 3000kg - Transport packages [pcs.]: 1 Financial information VAT: The price shown is exclusive of VAT VAT/margin: VAT deductible for entrepreneurs Delivery and trade-in always possible for everything in the industrial sectors Lukas van Rossum

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2008, travel distance X-axis: 3,000 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 1,400 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 1,500 mm, spindle speed (max.): 5,000 rpm, HEIDENHAIN iTNC 530 CNC X-AXIS TRAVEL: 3000 MM Y-AXIS TRAVEL: 1400 MM Z-AXIS TRAVEL (Vertical): 1500 mm SPINDLE SPEED: 5000 RPM SPINDLE NOSE ATTACHMENT: SK 50 Nsdpsxvrrhjfx Ab Asdc TABLE MEASURES: 3200 X 1100 MM TABLE LOAD CAPACITY: 10,000 KG 24-Place Tool Changer No. 02 Chip Conveyors Automatic Indexed Head a axis 2,5 ° b axis 3 ° YOM 2008

Condition: good (used), Code: 0502 Brand: ZANGHERI E BOSCHETTI MASTERWOOD Model: FM 39S Multiple boring machine for furniture, carpentry kitchens, custom-made furniture, bathroom furniture, panels and various items Nedpfe Aaykwex Ab Asdc Technical data: N° 39 spindles Max drilling centre distance mm 1216 Centre distance between the two spindles mm 32 Table dimensions mm 1425 x 780 Max vertical drilling depth mm 120 Threaded drill bit shank Motor power 4 Hp Quick adjustment of the heads for drilling at 0°-45°-90°, with the option to operate in all intermediate positions Millimetre-marked square guides N° 4 pneumatic clamps for securing workpieces Operating pressure 6-8 atm Overall dimensions mm 1590 x 1000 x 1200 h Weight kg 770

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1993, Spindle mount, vertical SK 30 Speed range 265 – 3000 rpm Drive power 1.5 / 2 hp Spindle mount, horizontal SK 30 Speed range 50 – 1500 rpm Drive power 3 / 4.2 hp Table clamping surface 800 x 200 mm Longitudinal travel X-axis, automatic approx. 550 mm Transverse travel Y-axis, automatic approx. 175 mm Vertical travel Z-axis, automatic approx. 400 mm Distance between table and milling spindle 300 mm Feed speeds, stepless 30 - 340 mm/min Rapid traverse yes Dimensions L x W x H approx. 1300 x 1200 x 2050 mm Weight approx. 900 kg Accessories / Special features: • 3-axis digital display ELESTA Visulesta 2E • Vertical milling head SK 30 with high speed of 3,000 rpm + boring quill, swiveling left-right • Horizontal milling attachment SK 30 • Rapid traverse + feed in all 3 axes, feed steplessly adjustable via potentiometer on the control panel • Rotary table that can be swiveled left-right with drive capability for a dividing head • Coolant system • 2-stage main motor • Central lubrication Njdpfx Abozbikme Aedc This very good GUALDONI machine comes from an educational institution and can be inspected and demonstrated under power at any time after prior appointment. Siegfried Volz Werkzeugmaschinen Rüschebrinkstr. 151-153 DE - 44143 Dortmund - Wambel / Germany

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2005, travel distance X-axis: 450 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 300 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 350 mm, spindle speed (max.): 2,500 rpm, quill stroke: 100 mm, For sale is an Emco tool milling machine, model FB-4. The machine was previously used exclusively for inter-company training purposes. Currently, two identical Emco FB-4 machines are still in stock. Tool Milling Machine V/H Manufacturer: Emco Model: FB-4 Year of manufacture: 2005 Control: Heidenhain ND-750 display Technical parameters: ----- • Travel X-Y-Z: 450 x 300 x 350 mm • Clamping surface: 800 x 400 mm • Tool holder: SK-40 Nedpfxjyvra Is Ab Aodc • Tool clamping: hydraulic • Quill stroke: 100 mm • Milling head swivels ± 90° • Spindle speed: 50 – 2,500 rpm • Speed selection: 18 steps • Electric central lubrication • Machine lamp • Coolant system • Splash guard cabin (foldable) • Weight: 1,550 kg • Dimensions LxWxH in mm: ..1,485 x 1,500 x 1,700 mm Accessories: ----- • 4x machine leveling feet • Operating manual • Counter bearing for horizontal machining • Shaft for horizontal machining • Table enclosure (currently removed) • 10x SK-40 tool holders

Condition: excellent (used), CATALOGUE NUMBER 8005 TECHNICAL DATA - Number of spindles: 21 pcs - Distance between extreme spindles: 640 mm - Distance between spindles: 32 mm - Pneumatic clamps: 2 pcs - Table surface dimensions: 870x560 mm - Height to table surface: 900 mm - Feed cylinder stroke: 65 mm - Vertical/horizontal and angled drilling adjustment - Drilling unit adjustment, pneumatic - Main motor: 1.5 kW - Dimensions (L/W/H): 1000x1150x1240 mm Ndodozr U Ecspfx Ab Aoc - Weight: 370 kg ADVANTAGES - For 21 spindles – drill bit mounting with quick-release couplings - Vertical, horizontal and angled drilling - Unpainted - Used drilling machine, very good condition Net price: 7900 PLN Net price: 1840 EUR, depending on the exchange rate of 4.3 EUR (Prices may vary due to significant exchange rate fluctuations)

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1973, x-travel:815 mm y-travel:400 mm z-travel:410 mm quill stroke:130 mm turning speed range - stepless:67 - 2300 U/min :8 feed speeds:0,04 - 0,08 - 0,15 mm/min feeds of table:15 - 230 mm/min table surface area:1120 x 255 mm Nedpfj Ad Si Tex Ab Ajdc T-Slots:3 mm T-slot - width:16 mm T-slot - distance:63 mm distance spindle - column:260 mm ram adjustment:315 mm main drive motor:1,5 kW weight of the machine ca.:1,0 t dimensions of the machine ca.:1,75 x 1,80 x 2,10 m

Condition: refurbished (used), Year of construction: 1996, Bridgeport Milling Machine 2HP Variable Speed Rebuilt Machine Table has been reground on 3 Sides Excellent Condition Chrome Bed ways Ball Screw Leadscrews X & Y Axis Table Size 48” X 9” Spindle Speeds 50-4200rpm Brand New X Axis Powered Traverse Brand New 3 Axis Digital Readout ( X & Y & Quill Axis ) Brand New Coolant Pump Ndedpegvqkujfx Ab Ajc Brand New LED Worklight Hand Pump Lubricated Ways ( Re piped) Reground R8 Spindle Taper Coolant Tray 3 Phase 400v Fully Serviced Ready For Work Head has been fully stripped down and rebuilt new bearings , belts & Super Precision Spindle Bearings Replaced Warranty Included

Condition: used, For quick-change system SF 32 Nsdpfx Abo Afaf So Asdc 12 pieces of collet chuck with locknut, ER 11, length 40 mm.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2006, x-travel 560 mm y-travel 300 mm z-travel 420 mm table-size 1100 x 250 mm digital readout 3 Achsen HEIDENHAIN spindle turning speed range 40 - 1180 U/min spindle taper ISO 40 feeds 18 - 384 mm/min milling motor 3,7 kW Nedpsiclm Aofx Ab Aodc voltage 400 V total power requirement 5,5 kW weight of the machine ca. 1,1 t dimensions of the machine ca. 1,45 x 1,70 x 1,90 m - Serial-No.: 6760 - 3-axis digital readout HEIDENHAIN - rapid traverse - central lubrication - coolant device - machine light

Condition: excellent (used), Catalog number: 8071 TECHNICAL DATA - Number of spindles: 21 pcs - Distance between extreme spindles: 640 mm - Spindle spacing: 32 mm - Pneumatic clamps: 2 pcs - Table surface dimensions: 900x350 mm - Height to table surface: 900 mm - Stroke of the feed cylinder (drilling depth adjustment): 50 mm - Drilling speed: pneumatically adjustable - Drilling angle: manually adjustable - Main motor: 1.5 kW - Side fences: 400 mm - Compressed air requirement: 6-8 bar - Diameter of the dust extraction nozzle: 60 mm - Dimensions (L/W/H): 1000x860x1270 mm - Weight: 267 kg ADVANTAGES - Made in Italy - For 21 spindles – drill mounting with quick-release couplings - Vertical, horizontal, and angled drilling - Unpainted - Used drill press, very good condition Net price: 6900 PLN Nodpfx Ajzuk Aieb Asdc Net price: 1600 EUR, depending on the exchange rate of 4.30 EUR (Prices are subject to change due to exchange rate fluctuations)