Used Scratch Tester Millenium 200 for sale (16,908)

Condition: used, Technical details: faceplate diameter: 1400 mm swing diameter: 2000 mm turning height: 1270 mm main drive: 80 kW faceplate speeds from - to: 1 - 355 U/min max. workpiece weight: 6.000 kg milling motor: 37 kW milling head speed: 7 - 3000 U/min milling spindle - taper: ISO 50 cross rail adjustment - vertical: 800 (8 x 100 mm) mm ram head dimension: 240 x 240 mm max. ram stroke: 1250 mm weight of the machine ca.: 50 to total power requirement: 133 kVA Hsdpfxjvb Dcms Ag Ejfn dimensions of the machine ca.: 11 x 5 x 6,4 m Machine general overhould in 2008 and equiped with CNC SIEMENS 840 D control - tool changer for 72 tools - C-axis, live tooling - angular- and straight tool holder head with CAPTO taper - Transmit function - complete splash housing - coolant device, chip conveyor - diverse accessories *

Year of construction: 2025, condition: new, Vertical filling machine for liquids into 3-side-seal- or pillow-bags. Including liquid dosing device (for high viscosity liquids). Twin filling layout for high capacity. Can be linked to CIP system to have an automatic circulating system to guarantee clean feeding pipes. The packaging material is sterilized by UV lights inside the machine to assure a clean environment for the packaging material and the liquid product. Contamination of the liquid product can be reduced during the packaging process to have a longer shelf life. - Specifications: max. speed of the machine in neutral: 100 cycles/minute; suitable for volumes from 200-1000ml; accuracy: +/- 1.5%; max. film width: 320mm; bag width: 100-160mm (depending on pouch type); bag length: 95-165mm; 0.7m³, 6bar; 380V, 3.9kW; machine dimensions: 1700x1100x2950mm; weight: 720kg. Hfedpfx Agov Nmznj Ejn That machine/system is available in different versions for different packaging sizes and with different packaging speeds. Please note that our new prices are often below the usual used prices. Please feel free to inquire and tell us your packaging task. - Usually 30-50 different new machines are available immediately from stock. In addition, we have very short delivery times from approx. 3 weeks for customized machines. Deviations from the sample photo are possible. - All machines are available with full warranty.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2007, functionality: fully functional, Kolbe MWE-32 Meat Grinder Mixer Hfjdpjwcgr Eofx Ag Ejn In good used and working condition. New belt and motor. The machine runs on 400 volts, is made entirely of stainless steel, has a mixing paddle, is 98 cm Enterprise, has been tested in the workshop, and is ready for immediate use. FD 200 loading, built in 2009. The machine is built in 2007. Further information upon request. Cash or advance payment. Sale to businesses only. No guarantee. No warranty.

Condition: like new (used), KRAMER + GREBE 200 L Industrial Cutter – Stainless Steel KRAMER + GREBE 200-liter industrial cutter, designed for cutting, chopping, mixing, and emulsifying food products in professional production processes. Manufactured by KRAMER + GREBE, a specialized manufacturer of machinery for the meat industry, this cutter features a 200-liter bowl and a high-speed rotary blade system that allows for processing the product to achieve different degrees of chopping, mixing, and homogenization. Its robust stainless-steel construction and industrial capacity make it a particularly suitable piece of equipment for meat processing plants and food product manufacturing. MAIN FEATURES -Manufacturer: KRAMER + GREBE -Type: Industrial cutter / bowl cutter -Bowl capacity: 200 liters -Cutting system using rotary blades Hfsdpfxex S Ih Te Ag Eon -Circular processing bowl -Cutting, chopping, and mixing operations -Suitable for homogenization and emulsification -Construction primarily in stainless steel -Protective cover for the processing area -Integrated control panel -Robust construction for industrial use -Designed for batch processing -Hygienic design for the food industry -Easy access for cleaning and maintenance APPLICATION The KRAMER + GREBE 200 L is designed to perform intensive size reduction, mixing, and homogenization operations through the combined action of the rotating bowl and the blade system. The product circulates repeatedly through the cutting area, allowing for different degrees of processing to be achieved depending on the raw material, processing time, and selected parameters. It can be used for operations such as: Cutting and chopping Mixing Homogenization Emulsification Preparation of meat mixtures Preparation of fillings Mixing of ingredients Preparation of formulated products APPLICATIONS Particularly suitable for meat industries, sausage manufacturers, producers of ready meals, pet food, and other food industries that require a robust cutter for batch production. Depending on its configuration, it can be used to produce sausages, pâtés, meat emulsions, fillings, ready meals, and other food formulations. The combination of KRAMER + GREBE, a 200-liter bowl, and industrial construction in stainless steel provides a versatile solution for professional cutting, mixing, and emulsification processes. Machine available for inspection. Additional technical information, dimensions, additional photographs, or videos can be provided upon request.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1994, Low-speed machine with hydraulic moving floor. Rotor width: 840 mm. Motor: 18.5 kW. Hopper with lid included. Ready for operation. Only 3400 operating hours. Hodpfjx Ilp Hsx Ag Eefn

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2011, mileage: 265,853 km, power: 243 kW (330.39 HP), first registration: 01/2011, overall weight: 19,000 kg, fuel type: diesel, color: green, axle configuration: 2 axles, gearing type: mechanical, emission class: euro5, loading space volume: 9 m³, Equipment: ABS, air conditioning, Internal vehicle number: G300460 Available immediately at our yard in Kaufungen More information at: Luis Lucena Viktoria Sologubova Mercedes-Benz Axor 1833 4x2 road sweeper VAL?AIR – 9 m³ – 200 bar high-pressure system Mercedes-Benz Axor 1833 road sweeper, manufactured in 2011, featuring a VAL?AIR sweeper body, a 9 m³ debris container, and a high-pressure cleaning system with a pressure of up to 200 bar. The vehicle is equipped with a 330 hp diesel engine, a manual transmission, and air conditioning. Technical specifications: * Vehicle number: G300460 * Vehicle condition: Used * Category: Road sweeper / municipal vehicle * Manufacturer: Mercedes-Benz * Model: Axor 1833 * First registration: 01/2011 * Year of manufacture: 2011 * Mileage: 265,853 km * Fuel type: Diesel * Drive type: Combustion engine * Engine displacement: 7,201 cm³ * Power output: 243 kW (330 hp) * Transmission: Manual transmission * Emissions class: Euro 5 * Environmental badge: 4 (Green) * Axle configuration: 4x2 * Number of axles: 2 * Permissible total weight: 19,000 kg * Unladen weight: 12,625 kg * Payload: 6,375 kg * Color: Green/white Sweeper body: * Manufacturer: VAL?AIR * Debris container capacity: approx. 9 m³ * High-pressure cleaning system * High-pressure output: up to 200 bar * Suction sweeping system * Hydraulically driven rotary brushes * Sweeping unit located beneath the vehicle * Rear discharge via tilting debris container * Suitable for street, area, and municipal cleaning Equipment: * Air conditioning Hedpfx Agsyfy Anj Eofn * Manual transmission * Work lights * LED warning bar on the cab * Rear rotating beacon * Striking red and white safety markings * Exterior mirrors with wide-angle mirrors * Municipal vehicle equipment * Steel rims Inspection and functional testing are possible after prior arrangement. Further information, photos, and videos are available upon request. Errors, changes, and prior sale are subject to change.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2014, Hardinge GS200 CNC Lathe 2010 Hardinge GS200 CNC slant bed lathe equipped with Fanuc Series Oi-TD control. ----- Control Fanuc Series Oi-TD CNC Control ----- Capacity Chuck Size: 3 Jaw Bar Capacity: 52mm Maximum Swing: 457mm Maximum Cutting Diameter: 284mm Maximum Cutting Length: 406mm Distance Between Centres: Not specified ----- Main Spindle Maximum Spindle Speed: 5,000 RPM ----- Turret Number of Stations: 12 ----- Axis Travels X Axis Travel: 218mm Z Axis Travel: 406mm ----- Accessories Hfedpfx Agoylchts Een Hydrafeed Multifeed 65 Barfeed Swarf Conveyor Control: Fanuc Spec: Spindle bore 52 mm | Max Swing 457 mm | Travel X 218 Z 406 mm Accessories: Tailstock, parts catcher & 8" Power Chuck, Swarf conveyor, Collet chuck

Condition: ready for operation (used), Allmatic-NC LC 160/200 Machine Vice Stage 1 = 15 kN Stage 2 = 30 kN Hjdpoyilc Sjfx Ag Eefn Stage 3 = 45 kN Stage 4 = 60 kN Pressure sensor is not included in the scope of delivery! You are welcome to come by for an inspection. We can also organize an affordable shipping service for you! You will receive a proper invoice. A net invoice can also be issued for foreign customers, provided a valid VAT identification number is supplied. Subject to prior sale. Visit our shop and take a look at our other offers as well. All specified company names and trademarks are the property of their respective owners and are used solely for identification and product description purposes. Deviations from technical data and errors in the item description are possible and reserved.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2007, No. 3177 Automatic optimizing cross-cut saw WEINIG Dimter OptiCut 200 - 1 Used, year of construction 2007, machine already dismantled For cutting timber to fixed lengths Timber dimensions to be processed: Minimum / maximum input length: 3000 - 5000 mm Minimum / maximum input width: 80 - 200 mm Minimum / maximum input thickness: 38 - 80 mm Maximum timber cross-section: 200 x 50 mm Minimum / maximum finished timber length: 700 - 1000 mm Average number of cuts per board: 5 Types of wood: softwood or hardwood System performance: Maximum feed speed: 180 m/min, continuously adjustable Time per cutting cycle, including braking: 0.7 - 1.2 seconds Overview of components: Item 1: Infeed conveyor belt upstream of the saw Length: 1.5 m, coupled to the saw’s feed motor Item 2: Automatic cross-cut saw OptiCut 200 - 1, left-hand version With integrated length-measuring wheel and integrated blow-out device for waste pieces Graphics-capable operator terminal with 1/4 VGA display, numerical keypad and function keys, including the OptiCom software package for system control The machine is fed from the left-hand side Item 3: Outfeed conveyor belt / sorting station With drive unit, without ejectors Conveyor length: approx. 1.5 m The infeed table was not used by the previous owner. Two feed rollers were installed for feeding the material. The conveyor table is included, only the rubber conveyor belt is missing. Sale on behalf of customer, ex location near 39100 Bolzano (Italy), without dismantling, without transport and assembly Dismantling, loading, and transport by us optionally available Subject to errors in the description and price Hodpfx Aou Atmuog Esfn To avoid any misunderstandings, an on-site inspection is possible and recommended by appointment Sold as is Technical specifications, condition description, year of construction and scope of delivery according to the manufacturer’s brochure or previous owner, without guarantee Subject to prior sale For used machines, any warranty is excluded, the following applies: “sold as seen” Photos and videos serve as examples and do not represent the actual scope of delivery Terms of payment: Prices plus VAT, payment before collection or shipping Terms of delivery: Ex location

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, functionality: fully functional, input voltage: 400 V, type of input current: three-phase, operating speed: 80 mm/s, oil tank capacity: 200 l, total length: 3,870 mm, total width: 1,550 mm, total height: 2,400 mm, overall weight: 11,000 kg, workpiece weight (max.): 11,000 kg, feed rate X-axis: 600 m/min, feed rate Y-axis: 200 m/min, spindle motor power: 11,000 W, product height (max.): 455 mm, warranty duration: 12 months, Equipment: CE marking, documentation/manual, safety light barrier, HYDRAULIC CNC SERVO PRESS BRAKE MTP 200×3200 – 200 T – MTP-3212 – 4 AXES X,Y1,Y2,R+V The brand-new MTP 200×3200 Hydraulic CNC Servo Press Brake has been designed for precision bending of carbon steel, stainless steel, and aluminum sheets. Thanks to its heavy-duty welded frame, advanced CNC control system, and premium-quality components, the machine is an ideal solution for manufacturing plants, metal fabrication workshops, tool rooms, and engineering companies. The machine is equipped with the MTP-3212 CNC controller and 4 controlled axes (X, Y, R + V), ensuring exceptional accuracy, repeatability, and fast production setup for both single-part and high-volume manufacturing. STANDARD EQUIPMENT • MTP-3212 CNC controller with a large full-color touchscreen • Servo-driven X-axis (back gauge) • Servo-driven Y-axis (ram control) • Automatic R-axis adjustment • Automatic crowning compensation (V-axis) • AMADA-type quick tool clamping system • 2 adjustable front support arms • Mobile control panel mounted on a swing arm • LED working area illumination The CNC controller automatically calculates bending parameters, features an intuitive user interface, and can store up to 40 tool configurations, significantly reducing setup time. PREMIUM COMPONENTS The press brake is equipped with high-quality components from internationally recognized manufacturers: • Bosch Rexroth hydraulic system (Germany) • Schneider Electric electrical components • Omron and Schneider Electric safety components • Heavy-duty steel hydraulic tubing for maximum durability and leak prevention ERGONOMICS & SAFETY Designed for maximum operator comfort and safety, the machine is equipped with: • Safety light curtains • Side safety guards • Rear safety fence • Easily accessible emergency stop switches • CE Declaration of Conformity • Operating manual Hodezg Ebwepfx Ag Esfn TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS • Pressing force: 200 T • Maximum bending length: 3200 mm • Distance between columns: 2530 mm • Throat depth: 320 mm • Ram stroke: 200 mm • Maximum opening height: 455 mm • Back gauge travel (X-axis): 600 mm • Controlled axes: X, Y, R + V • Main motor power: 11 kW • Power supply: 400 V / 50 Hz • Machine dimensions (L × W × H): 3870 × 1550 × 2400 mm • Machine weight: 11,000 kg TECHNICAL SUPPORT We provide professional technical advice before purchase as well as comprehensive after-sales support. Our specialists assist with tooling selection, bending technology, and machine parameter optimization for different materials. We also offer warranty and after-sales service together with transport arrangements throughout Europe and worldwide. Brand-new machine supplied with the manufacturer's warranty, fully operational and ready for immediate use.

Condition: excellent (used), MITSUBISHI MR-S11-200-E31 SER. 0Y20009 Hfjdpfx Agjy S Dvyj Ejn

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1998, CAZENEUVE CT 200 CNC lathe CNC NUM control Year 1998 Hfedpfxsy S T N Ao Ag Eon

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2017, functionality: fully functional, 2 units of recirculating air chamber furnaces, fast heating times, short process times, electric, 12-month warranty, available for immediate delivery. - Temperature 200°C, can be increased to 250°C! - Charging car, 5 units available, modification on request. - Homogeneous temperature distribution of +/- 10°C. - Internal dimensions (W x D x H): 3750 x 1400 x 2300 mm - External dimensions (W x D x H): 4850 x 1705 x 3880 mm - Usable volume: 11.6 m³ - Control system: S!MPAC with touch panel - Program execution with a good sensor as a cascade control system - Temperature limiter - Signal tower - Directly accessible, with grid rails - Exhaust air volume flow: 140 m³/min - Electromagnetic door locking system Hedpfsy Tkfwsx Ag Eefn - Rated power: 180 kW - Connection power: 241 kW!! - Weight: approx. 3500 kg - Documentation, CE declaration of conformity We would be pleased to offer transport, installation, and training for your employees. Inspection in our machine hall is possible at any time by appointment. Furnace, Oven, Furnaces, Drying oven, Industrial oven, Drying cabinet, Heat oven, Heat cabinet, Recirculating air oven, Chamber oven, Heating oven, Chamber recirculating air oven, Tempering oven, Temperature oven, Recirculating air chamber oven, Hardening oven, Vötsch oven, Weisstechnik, Fusing oven, Curing oven, Post-curing of liquid crystal windows, CFRP support structure, Oven for glass, Glass tempering oven, Glass fusing oven, Glass hardening oven, bogie hearth furnace, car hearth furnace, shuttle kiln, bogie hearth kiln.

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: M237 026, power: 1,600 kW (2,175.39 HP), fuel type: gas, Year of construction: 2005, operating pressure: 10 bar, used steam boiler installation Fabricate: VIESSMANN Type: M237 026 Hsdpfx Agey Tpm Ho Esfn Year: 2005 Steamcapacity: 2.300 kg/h Max. pressure: 10 bar CE 0035 Complete with appendages, Weisshaupt burner G8/1-D ZMD, controlpanel, economiser, automatic blowdown valve on conductivity, 2 frequency controlled feedwaterpumps, sample cooler. Also 4500 liter cascade deaerator.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2013, operating hours: 4,657 h, Equipment: all wheel drive, * Enclosed cab * Load sensing shut-off * Rear-view camera * Air conditioning Hfodpfx Agozxaxbs Een * CD radio ----Vehicle number 12423 ----Errors and prior sale excepted

Condition: ready for operation (used), Unitek 406 TVD-200-16 / TVD6-200-16 K Compact Transistor Regulator SN:005389, used, normal signs of use, 100% functional, scope of delivery as per photos Hodpfez Adgdex Ag Ejfn

Condition: excellent (used), C.N.C. WORKING CENTER 3 axes (X-Y-Z) Vertical position of the panel (workpiece) Movable panel (workpiece), movable working head Numerical Control/Software MAESTRO Safety cabin (enclosure) of the working head No. 2 Workpieces fixing clamps (for the panels introduction in the working area Minimum workpieces dimensions (X - Y - Z) mm 200 x 50 x 8 Maximum workpieces dimensions (X - Y - Z) mm 3050 x 1300 x 95 WORKING GROUPS: No. 1 Drilling head (5-sided with Ro.Ax. roto-axial technology) F31LTC with spindles: - No. 24 Independent vertical boring spindles - No. 11 Independent horizontal boring spindles (6 in X + 4 in Y) No. 1 Circular Grooving Saw (on X axis) dia. (mm) 125 Hodpozza Sgjfx Ag Eefn No. 1 Vertical electro-spindle (HKS63) power Kw 6,6 Automatic Tools Changing System - Tools storage plate (No. 6 folds-positions) OPTIONAL: Panel loading robot + Robot for unloading machined panels

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2006, Talleres Cato PA 200 Meat Grinder Hfodpfxozz H H Rs Ag Eon The Talleres Cato PA200 is a high-capacity industrial meat grinder manufactured by the Spanish company Talleres Cato S.A., which specializes in heavy machinery for the meat and food processing industry. Manufacturer: Talleres Cato Model: PA 200 Year: 2006 Power: 30 kW / 400 V / 50 Hz Capacity: Up to 4,000 kg/h Throat Diameter: 200 mm Machine Dimensions (L x W x H): 1,600 x 1,700 x 1,750 mm Machine Weight: 1,000 kg.

Condition: like new (used), Grundfos NB 32-200/206 Single-stage block pump, centrifugal pump Speed: 2915 min⁻¹ Flow rate Q: 33.7 m³/h Head: 46.3 m Max. pressure: 16 bar You are welcome to visit us for an inspection. We can also arrange cost-effective shipping for you! You will receive a proper invoice. For foreign customers, a net invoice can also be issued. A valid VAT identification number is required. Subject to prior sale. Visit our shop and check out our other offers. The company names and trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners and are used solely for identification and description of the products. Hfsdpfx Agezzllxs Een Deviations from technical data as well as errors in the description of the item may occur and are subject to change.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2012, fuel type: diesel, Lifting capacity: 230 kg Hjdpfxozqkatj Ag Eefn Please contact Gebrauchtgeräte Center for more information

Condition: used, mileage: 12,850 km, power: 90 kW (122.37 HP), first registration: 05/2025, fuel type: electric, overall weight: 2,550 kg, fuel: electricity, color: black, gearing type: automatic, suspension: steel, number of seats: 5, Equipment: ABS, air conditioning, airbag, central locking, cruise control, immobilizer system, navigation system, onboard computer, parking sensors, power assisted steering, seat heater, sliding door, traction control, E07 Hill-start assist, F2W Winter package, EY5 Mercedes-Benz emergency call system, SD1 i-Size child seat mounting, EY6 Breakdown assistance, B25 Parking brake, electric, EI0 Wireless charging system for mobile devices, T68 Child safety lock for doors and windows in the passenger compartment, Z1M Approval M1, IA0 Wheel formula 4x2, LG7 LED High Performance headlights, XO7 Mercedes-Benz Mobilo with breakdown assistance and extended warranty, EZ7 Active parking assist, R2H 40.6 cm (16) light alloy wheels in multi-spoke design, T78 Sliding door rail cover in vehicle color, Y10 First-aid kit, 804 AEJ X3/1, VL2 Velour floor mats, SF6 Driver's seat, height-adjustable with lumbar support, RD9 Tires without specified manufacturer, H00 Warm air duct to the passenger compartment, NM5 MB-NA 60 2b with flange, low mounting, M-engine speed, C6L Multifunction steering wheel, H10 Seat heating for driver and front passenger, H22 Heated rear window, EM7 2 USB ports in the center console at the rear, Y44 Warning triangle, GA2 Automatic transmission for electric drive, P2F Active safety package, FP3 Mirror package, FP4 Chrome interior package, XC8 VIN visible from the outside, SZ6 Table and illuminated trim elements on the backrest, Z6L Progressive, JH3 Communication module (LTE) for digital services, X30 Vehicle registration certificate, part II, X2W Weight variant 2,550 kg, FQ3 Glove compartment, passenger side, closed, I5T Underbody protection, plastic, RY2 Tire pressure monitoring system on front and rear axle, wireless, CK4 Handle strip above license plate in vehicle color, 054 AEJ X3/2, CK8 Heated steering wheel, XU1 Labels / printed materials in German, IG4 Standard, SK5 Automatic front passenger airbag deactivation, I6I With seat belt, center seat in the rear, W29 Fixed rear windows, CL1 Steering wheel adjustable in inclination and height, CL3 Leather steering wheel, FR8 Rear, We are available by phone Monday - Friday until 8:00 PM and Saturday until 4:00 PM!! Furthermore:!! Hfedpfx Aezqt T Ajg Eon Leasing/financing and trade-in possible!! !! !! -Errors and prior sale excepted!! -All information without guarantee ... more on our homepage

Condition: good (used), Cutter head, milling chuck, carbide cutter, indexable insert cutter, face milling head, milling head, cutter head shell cutter, face milling cutter, corner milling cutter -Face milling cutter: cutter head Hfodpfx Aezqyw Ieg Eon -Type: UER 200-1-12 -Mount: Ø 60 mm / Bolt circle Ø 102 x 18 mm -Dimensions: Ø 200 x 62 mm -Weight: 8.7 kg

Condition: good (used), Separating tool, punching tool, punch, punch die, punch stamp, die holder -Punch tool: Notching tool -Type: unfortunately without a type designation Hfedpfx Aezr Hcasg Een -Dimensions: see photos -Dimensions: 200/120/H150 mm -Weight: 13 kg

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2004, functionality: fully functional, turning length: 307 mm, turning diameter: 250 mm, spindle bore: 51 mm, travel distance X-axis: 185 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 370 mm, Key figures at a glance: 250 mm maximum turning diameter, 420 mm swing over bed, 307 mm maximum turning length, 51 mm spindle bore, 4000 rpm maximum spindle speed, 5.5/7.5 kW main motor, an 8-station turret, Hodpfx Agjzr Ir Ae Ejfn 185 mm X-axis travel and 370 mm Z-axis travel. The year of manufacture is 2004 and the control system is a Fanuc Series 21i-TB. The machine plate states a supply of 220 V, three phase, 50/60 Hz, 42 A and a maximum power supply of 16.1 kVA, with control voltages of 100 V AC and 24 V DC. Buyers on a 400 V network should plan for a matching transformer. The approximate footprint is 1600 x 1280 x 1890 mm at a weight of around 2800 kg

Condition: excellent (used), CATALOGUE NUMBER 7908 TECHNICAL DATA Hedpszr I H Tefx Ag Eefn - tool diameter, Wescott chuck 0-20mm - max. hole depth 155mm - max. milling length 250mm - adjustment via drilling unit, forward/backward, right/left + angle - table adjustment, up/down - table swivel angle 0-45˚ - working table dimensions 600x320mm - four-point cutting head 16-22-25-32mm - 2 material clamps - motor power 2.2kW - dimensions L/W/H 1050x800x1250mm - weight 200kg ADVANTAGES - German made - very good condition - eccentric clamps, 2 pieces - unpainted - used drilling machine Net price: 6500 PLN Net price: 1510 EUR, depending on the exchange rate of 4.3 EUR (Prices may vary due to significant exchange rate fluctuations)