Used Gea Group Aktiengesellschaft Flash Pasteuriser for sale (6,460)

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2000, Name: Used Industrial Decanter Manufacturer: GEA Westfalia Type: SD0815 Year built: 2000 Max. bowl speed: 3.000 rpm Njdpfsy Ui A Rox Amyocw Inner diameter drum: 500 / 245 mm Interior drum length: 1.466 mm Material: Stainless steel Dimensions: L 3.045 x W 1.100 x H 1.695 mm Empty weight: 2800 kg Technical doc.: Yes Accessories: A control cabinet Message: The used industrial decanter was inspected annually, and the drum was removed every two years. Condition: Second hand Price: By request

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1990, Washing tunnel for cleaning the outside of kegs. Cleaning is carried out with water heated to 60 °C. A steam or hot water-heated bath is located in the lower part of the external washer for this purpose. Equipped with adjustable spray nozzles and a brush station. To prevent excessive water carry-over, the flap doors at the inlet and outlet close under their own weight. With device for discharging of washed-off labels. Ncedpfjxwy H Aex Amyow Additional title: Keg spraying and keg brushing Max. capacity: 300 Kegs/h Capacity keg filling plant: 110 Kegs/h Voltage: 220/380 V Frequency: 50 Hz Length: ca. 2200 mm Width: ca. 1500 mm Formats: 30-litre and 50-litre kegs, EU format, with PU jacket Features: Spray jets, high-pressure pump, brush station, label discharge

Year of construction: 1990, condition: used, 2 caustic tanks and 1 acid tank, all heatable with hot water. Additional title: heatable, vertical stainless steel vessel Volume appr.: 1000 l Width: 1 m Height: 2 m Ncsdpjxwy T Nofx Amysw Weight: 250 kg Material: Stainless steel Position: free standing Base construction: Cylindrical tank with square tubular feet on spherical caps Features: Top lid, temperature measurement, equipment for heating with hot water

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1997, KEG-plant Additional title: inside cleaning and filling plant Performance: 20 KEG`s/h wash and fill with 30 l KEGs Power: 8 kW Voltage: 400 V Frequency: 50 Hz Length: 1400 mm Width: 1100 mm Height: 2300 mm Weight: 250 kg Njdpfxoxbqh Ss Amyecw Formats: 10 - 50 l KEG drums with flat fitting Operation / Control: OP7 operating console, Siemens Simatic S5 - 95U Material: Edelstahl Position: frei stehend Base construction: Square tube construction on dome feet Features: 1 tank for cleaning agent, electrically heated; 1 combination cleaning and filling station with flat fitting, 1 stainless steel pump, 1 stainless steel control cabinet

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2006, Industrial robot for the loading and unloading of pallets with filled and empty bottles in crates. Additional title: Pallet packing and unpacking Ncedpfx Amjw Tmq Isyjw Capacity: 3000 Crates/h Lifting load: 360 kg Length: 2,20 m Width: 1,40 m Height: 2,60 m Weight: 2400 kg Formats: Euro-Pallet EUR1 Operation / Control: Hand-held programming device Features: Clamp fixture; Maintenance-free AC servo-motors

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2009, 2 GEA NH3 refrigeration compressors with frequency control (from a refrigeration system with max. 180 kW) Capacity: 145 m³/h each Ncodpfx Amjxzqtnsyjw Additional title: Refrigerant NH3 Capacity: 145 m³/h Power: 37 kW Weight: 132 kg Position: Screwed onto concrete base Features: 2 x compressors: 145 m³/h, 26 kW with frequency converter, 37 kW rated power

Condition: like new (used), HERMETIC CLARIFIER. POWER: 7.5 kW. COMPLETE TOOL SET. INSPECTED. DOCUMENTATION AVAILABLE. PRICE: 25,000 EUROS PLUS VAT. Ncodey S Smyjpfx Amyew

Year of construction: 2000, condition: excellent (used), Used high pressure homogenizer NS5160HA made by GEA Niro Soavi with an operating pressure of 700 bar and a throughput of 7.000 l/h. Sanitary version with five ceramic pistons, an operating temperature of 40°C and a maximum viscosity of 12.000 cP. Powered by an electric motor with 160 kW which needs three-phase current at 380 V and 50 Hz. The homogenizer was regularily checked and maintained and is fully functional. Ncsdpfx Amjhzcxreyow

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2011, functionality: fully functional, Industrial steam boiler Brand Loos Bosch Group Model U-ND 800 Serial number 109582 Year of construction 10/2011 Total capacity: 1108 liters Steam output 800 kg per hour with Weishaupt GmbH burner Burner type WM - L10/3-A Year of construction 2011 Ncsdov I E Tgspfx Amysw Minimum: 250 kW Maximum: 800 kW Steam boiler dimensions: 2500 mm x 1600 mm x 1900 mm, Storage tank Achenbach GmbH Capacity: 800 liters Dimensions: 1600 mm x 850 mm x 2600 mm Control cabinet Dimensions: 1000 mm x 180 mm x 750 mm. Burner after major renovation in 2024.

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Scope: • Insulated sandwich panels (wall, ceiling) • Cold room door • Ceiling-mounted air cooler / evaporator GEA Küba DF AE 071 C (Compact DF) • Unit was operational until dismantling Size: approx. 10 m² of cooling surface (room can be reassembled) Design: modular cold room system, can be reinstalled Condition: used, professionally dismantled Suitable for beverage storage, gastronomy, production, or farm shop. Njdpey Srhwofx Amyocw

Condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2021, machine/vehicle number: V00311, bending radius (max.): 135 mm, working height: 1,100 mm, workpiece weight (max.): 2,500 kg, tool diameter: 60 mm, No minimum price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! Nedpfxey Sma Uo Amyjcw Due to inquiries, the auction has been extended by a few days! TECHNICAL DETAILS Workpiece weight (max.): 2,500 kg Bending capacity: 63 x 4 mm Usable length for bending with physical tube stop: 3,000 mm Working height: 1,100 mm Tool diameter: 60 mm Maximum bending radius: 135 mm MACHINE DETAILS Voltage: 400 V ±10 % Voltage deviation: max. -15 % for 1 minute Frequency: 47-63 Hz Installed power NC1: 9.70 kW Installed power NC2: 9.88 kW Rated current: 31 A Auxiliary voltage: 24 V DC CNC voltage: 24 V DC Protection class, electrical: IP55 Dimensions (L x W x H): 4,581 x 1,093 x 1,372 mm EQUIPMENT OD21.3 x 3.2 mm CLR2.5D (bending tool, clamping jaw, die, pressure strip, and POB clamp) OD25 x 3 mm CLR2.5D (bending tool, clamping jaw, die, pressure strip, and POB clamp) OD26.9 x 2.5 mm CLR2.5D (bending tool, clamping jaw, die, pressure strip, mandrel, and POB clamp)

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2018, machine/vehicle number: 0751801060702, For sale: BLM GROUP BLM LT FIBER tube and profile laser cutting machine with Active Scanner, equipped with an IPG Photonics YLS-2000-CUT 2000 W laser source. The machine is fully operational, both technically and in production, and is in continuous use at a manufacturing facility (current laser beam operating time: 6,950 hours). The machine features an integrated automatic material loading and unloading system, significantly increasing production efficiency and operator convenience. Technical data: Ncjdpfsy Sf Eiex Amyew • Model: LT FIBER • Laser type: Fiber • Laser source: IPG YLS-2000-CUT • Laser power: 2 kW • Laser source year: 2018 • Power supply: 380 V / 3-phase / 50 Hz • Installed power: 26 kVA • Machine weight: approx. 9,000 kg Machine advantages: • Fully production-ready • Equipped with ACTIVE SCAN and a seam position detection camera • Integrated loading and unloading system • Possibility to perform tests during operation • High cutting quality and precision • Regularly used • Ready for further operation Additional photos and videos of the machine in operation can be provided, as well as the possibility to inspect the machine under power on site. Price upon request

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2021, functionality: fully functional, GEA MultiFormer 400 | Plate Former Manufacturer: GEA Food Solutions Bakel B.V. Model: MultiFormer 400 Machine No.: E022110205415 Year of manufacture: 01/2021 Machine weight: 1200 kg Power supply: 380–415 V, 3-phase, 50 Hz Power (kW): 8 kW Current consumption: 15.4 A Belt: Stainless steel mesh belt, width 400 mm Machine dimensions: 3100 × 1000 × 2700 mm Additional equipment included: Forming plates: 2 pallets with a set of plates for various product shapes. Service stand: Made of stainless steel, equipped with 2 additional discharge belts (width 400 mm). Dimensions: 1350 × 600 × 2100 mm. Tool trolley: Original GEA trolley for easy storage and changeover of forming parts. Dimensions: 1200 × 700 × 950 mm. Nedpfx Asy Sbzmomyocw The GEA MultiFormer 400 is a professional food forming machine utilizing proven plate technology. This 2021 unit features a modern design “Made in the Netherlands” that ensures maximum hygiene and production precision. The system allows for quick product changeover – from classic burgers and nuggets to custom 2D and 3D shapes. Thanks to its stainless steel mesh belt and the included discharge belt system, the machine is ready for direct integration with coating, frying, or freezing lines. The included tool trolley and complete set of forming plates make this package an extremely flexible solution for meat, poultry, and plant-based food processing plants.

Condition: used, Item: A-9600-GEA-APV-Evaporator Used Evaporator Ncodpfovi Razex Amyjw Price by GEA & APV (SPX) Capacity 7.000 L & 12.000 L Dismantled, moved to stock

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, The illustrative photos show the realizations for the customer of the 4x7 cabin The offer applies only to the painting booth without the preparation area (possibility to purchase a preparation zone at the customer's request) - External dimensions: 7000x4000x3500 mm - Internal dimensions: 6900x3900x2650 mm - Entrance gate: 3000x2600 mm (three wings) - Service door: 640x1800 mm - Construction: high-grade steel - Heat exchanger: high-grade steel Nedpfer Ha Ehox Amyocw - Panels: filled with mineral wool - Total power: 16 kW - Floor fully grated - Air supply system: Jet turbine 4.0kW - 2 pieces - Exhaust system: Stream turbine 5.5kW - 1 piece - Ceiling lights: Coffers with LED fluorescent lamps 32pcs. - Side lights: LED panel 120x30cm - 8 pcs. Power: 48W - one piece 1000 lumens - Burner Riello 40 G20 95-213 KW - The cabin is available in different colors

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, - External dimensions: 7200x5200x3800 mm Nsdjm Tv I Aopfx Amyocw - Internal dimensions: 7100x5100x3100 mm - Entrance gate: 4000x3100 mm (four wings) - Service door: 640x1800 mm - Construction: high-grade steel - Heat exchanger: high-grade steel - Panels: filled with mineral wool - Total power: 21kW - Seating: inside/outside (after prior roofing of the cabin by the customer on his own) - Floor fully grated - Air supply system: Jet turbine 5.5kW - 2 pieces - Exhaust system: Jet turbine 7.5kW - 1 piece - Ceiling lights: Coffers with LED fluorescent lamps 32pcs. - Side lights: LED panel 120x30cm - 12 pcs. Power: 48W - one piece 1000 lumens - Burner Riello RG5S 160-310 kW - The cabin is available in different colors

Condition: new, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2026, Detailed Specification: - Internal dimensions: 5500 × 1500 × 2300 mm (L × W × H) - External dimensions: 5700 × 1900 × 2700 mm (L × W × H) - Entrance doors: Double-wing, 1700 × 2300 mm (W × H) - Wall panels: Thickness 100 mm, width 950 mm, tongue-and-groove structure; steel sheet 0.5 mm with mineral wool insulation inside - Box: Panels 100 mm thick, filled with mineral wool - Heating system: RIELLO oil burner model 40G20; heating capacity 200,000 Kcal/h; heat exchanger made of 2 mm stainless steel - Maximum heating output: 200,000 Kcal/h, total 1 set Njdpfx Amsxna U Ueyscw - Roof: Panels 100 mm thick with mineral wool insulation inside - Control system: Heating control, time setting, fault indicator, emergency stop, hour counter, temperature limit regulator, total operating hours display - Total power: 6 kW - Overhead conveyor system: 4 tracks; maximum load 400 kg each We can manufacture ovens of any required dimensions. We provide complete systems including transport traverses, spray walls, and powder coating guns — as shown in the photos.

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, functionality: fully functional, total height: 5,850 mm, total length: 12,125 mm, total width: 5,150 mm, overall weight: 8,000 kg, warranty duration: 12 months, inner dimension height: 5,000 mm, inner dimension length: 12,000 mm, inner dimension width: 5,000 mm, Equipment: cabin, lighting, PAINT BOOTH 12x5x5M EZ Series Model: - LED ceiling lighting - LED side lighting - RIELLO oil burner - Four fans, including: ‎ ㅤ- 2x supply fans ‎ ㅤ- 2x exhaust fans TECHNICAL PARAMETERS: - External dimensions: 12125x5150x5850 mm - Internal dimensions: 12000x5000x5000 mm - Entrance doors: 4000x4800 mm (2 units, four leaves, reinforced hinges) - An additional BOX 1650 mm x 8000 mm should be included in dimensions – can be placed on either the right or left side. - Structure: galvanized steel frame - Heat exchanger: high-grade stainless steel - Panels: filled with mineral wool insulation - Drive-on ramps – 2 units - Fully grated floor The reinforced frame construction prevents vibration and the air surge effect from the main supply duct. Double Roof Design: - Upper outer layer - Inner truss structure with V600 ceiling filter Air Circulation System: - Supply system: Jet turbine 7.5 kW – 2 units - Exhaust system: Jet turbine 7.5 kW – 2 units Air Filtration System: - Pre-filter collects particles larger than 10 μm - Ceiling filter collects particles larger than 5 μm - Floor filter: Paint Stop - Carbon filter Lighting: - Ceiling lights: 52 LED tubes (14 angled fixtures with 4 tubes each) - Side lighting: 26 LED panels integrated into the right, left, and rear walls Ncodpfx Amoxm U Exsysw Burner: Riello – 2 units, oil model 40 G20, approx. 200,000 Kcal/h - Heat exchanger: high-quality stainless steel - Heating time: 8–15 min (max. 80°C) Optional Features: - Roof-mounted boxes - Insulated roof - Pass-through doors - Water curtain - Color according to RAL palette - Explosion-proof (EX) version available

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, - External dimensions: 8125x4650x4600 mm - Internal dimensions: 8000x4500x3800 mm - Entrance gate: 4000x3800 mm (four wings) - Service door: 640x1800 mm - Construction: high-grade steel - Heat exchanger: high-grade steel Nodpfx Amjnbdlbeyscw - Panels: filled with mineral wool - Total power: 22kW - Seating: inside/outside (after prior roofing of the cabin by the customer on his own) - Floor fully grated - Air supply system: Jet turbine 5.5kW - 2 pieces - Exhaust system: Jet turbine 7.5kW - 1 piece - Ceiling lights: Coffers with LED fluorescent lamps 36pcs. - Side lights: LED panel 120x30cm - 12 pcs. Power: 48W - one piece 1000 lumens - Burner Riello RG5S 160-310 kW - The cabin is available in different colors

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, functionality: fully functional, overall weight: 10,000 kg, total length: 11,600 mm, total width: 2,560 mm, total height: 600 mm, input voltage: 220 V, type of input current: three-phase, input frequency: 60 Hz, TIR body/chassis repair frame for trucks and large-size vehicles TM-M60 This is a professional device designed for comprehensive repair and straightening of various body and chassis elements of trucks, delivery vehicles and cars. Thanks to its solid construction and the equipment with 6 towers with high pulling force (25 tons each), this frame allows for effective performance of advanced repairs, such as restoring the shape of damaged elements, straightening distortions or eliminating warps. High load capacity and precise tools make our repair frame perfect for professional workshops, guaranteeing speed, accuracy and reliability during repairs of large-size vehicles. Parameters: - Hydraulic pressure: 70 MPa (10000 psi) - Pneumatic pressure: 0.8 MPa - Maximum column tension: 25 tons (245 kN) - Load capacity: 50000 kg - Column working range: 360 degrees - Total weight: 10 tons - Number of towers: 6 Features: 1. With 6 towers, each with a maximum pulling force of 25 tons. 2. With a complete set of pushing and pulling tools, adapted to any type of straightening. 3. A lifting device with a capacity of 50 tons, which effectively repairs distorted beams. 4. With a 25 ton hydraulic arm that allows for the repair of distortions, bulges, twists, etc. 5. Four towers are 2500 mm high, and the other two are 4320 mm high. 6. Possibility to choose a color from the RAL palette. Nedpfovuxygsx Amyscw 7. Number of towers to be chosen by the customer.

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, Wrapping machines are designed for machine wrapping with stretch film of goods stored on pallets. They are especially recommended where it is required to obtain very high efficiency and low labor and financial expenditures in the process of packaging, so in distribution centers, wholesalers, production plants, as well as in smaller companies. The new model - has a touchscreen control panel, menus in languages: Polish, German, English, French Technical parameters: MASH: - Height :2.4m Njdpfx Aotpvbmsmyecw TABLE Table diameter - 1650 mm Max dimension of pallet - 1200x1200 mm Max weight of the pallet - 2000 kg Type of table: flat Adjustable disc speed: 3-12 R.P.M. Capacity: up to 30 pallets /1h. Automatic return to the starting position Powerful chain drive Soft start and end function POWER 230 V 50 Hz HEAD TYPE (depending on the model) - Pre stretch - Mechanical film stretch up to 350% (optional) - Film stretch: from 1m to 4m - Components from reputable companies including PANASONIC photocell ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS - Very easy operation - Working hours counter - Pallet counter - Cycle pause function - Stretching on the head modes and not on the pallet - Adjustable wrapping speeds

Year of construction: 2026, condition: new, Wrapping machines are designed for machine wrapping with stretch film of goods stored on pallets. They are especially recommended where it is required to obtain very high efficiency and low labor and financial expenditures in the process of packaging, so in distribution centers, wholesalers, production plants, as well as in smaller companies. Technical parameters: MASZT - Standard mast allows you to wrap a pallet up to 2400 mm high - depending on the model - Automatic return to the starting position - Top plate for additional stabilization of the pallet TABLE - Table diameter - 1650 mm - Max pallet dimension - 1200x1200 mm - Max weight of pallet - 2000 kg - Type of table: flat - Adjustable disc speed: 3-12 R.P.M. - Capacity: up to 30 pallets /1h. - Automatic return to the starting position Nodetpvbbepfx Amyscw - Powerful chain drive - Soft start and end function POWER 230 V 50 Hz HEAD TYPE (depending on the model) - Pre stretch - Mechanical film stretch up to 350% (optional) - Film stretch: from 1m to 4m - Components from reputable companies including: PANASONIC, SIEMENS ADDITIONAL FEATURES - Very easy operation - Hour counter - Pallet counter - Cycle pause function - Stretching on head modes and not on pallet - Adjustable wrapping speeds

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, - soft start / stop - pre-stretch tension - additional engine - height 2.4 m - ramp / platform - platform diameter 1.65 m - film stretch up to 350% - Strong chain drive - man-hour and pallet counter - regulation of wrapping speed 3-12 rpm - the ability to adapt the device according to the customer's needs - 230V power supply - Automatic return to the starting position Nedper Hbflsfx Amyocw ADDITIONAL FEATURES: - Very easy to use - Operating hours counter - Pallet counter - Cycle pause function - Stretching on the head modes and not on the palette - Adjustable wrapping speeds Pallet wrappers are designed for machine wrapping of goods stored on pallets with stretch foil. They are especially recommended where very high efficiency and low labor and financial costs in the packaging process are required, i.e. in distribution centers, warehouses, logistics centers, production plants, as well as in smaller companies. – increasing the efficiency of the packaging process – the ability to set the required parameters by machine and the high rotational speed of the wrapping plate makes machine wrapping much shorter than manual wrapping, and the employee during foiling can be involved in other activities, e.g. preparing or delivering another pallet, – repeatability of packaging – wrapping with a wrapper allows you to maintain an identical method of packaging for a specific type of cargo, repeatability of a once developed and appropriate method of packaging allows for safe storage and transport of goods, – load stability – the wrapper, thanks to the adjustment, allows you to adjust the wrapping method even to very diverse loads in a reliable way and guarantees the stability of the load on the pallet, which guarantees avoiding possible damage to the load.

Year of construction: 2026, condition: new, - soft start / stop - pre-stretch tension - additional engine - height 2.1 m - ramp / platform - platform diameter 1.65 m - film stretch up to 350% - Strong chain drive - man-hour and pallet counter - regulation of wrapping speed 3-12 rpm - the ability to adapt the device according to the customer's needs - 230V power supply Nodpfx Amemuzutoyjcw - Automatic return to the starting position ADDITIONAL FEATURES: - Very easy to use - Operating hours counter - Pallet counter - Cycle pause function - Stretching on the head modes and not on the palette - Adjustable wrapping speeds Pallet wrappers are designed for machine wrapping of goods stored on pallets with stretch foil. They are especially recommended where very high efficiency and low labor and financial costs in the packaging process are required, i.e. in distribution centers, warehouses, logistics centers, production plants, as well as in smaller companies. – increasing the efficiency of the packaging process – the ability to set the required parameters by machine and the high rotational speed of the wrapping plate makes machine wrapping much shorter than manual wrapping, and the employee during foiling can be involved in other activities, e.g. preparing or delivering another pallet, – repeatability of packaging – wrapping with a wrapper allows you to maintain an identical method of packaging for a specific type of cargo, repeatability of a once developed and appropriate method of packaging allows for safe storage and transport of goods, – load stability – the wrapper, thanks to the adjustment, allows you to adjust the wrapping method even to very diverse loads in a reliable way and guarantees the stability of the load on the pallet, which guarantees avoiding possible damage to the load.

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, 25T Premium Ramp, Usable Inner Width 2m – TM-GROUP, the Best Choice on the Market ⭐️ Galvanized Drive-On Grating! ⭐️ ✅ Specifications: Njdpowbg Hgofx Amyocw - Manufacturer: TM-GROUP - Maximum Load Capacity: 25 tons - Ramp Inner Width: 2000 mm - Electric and Manual Height Adjustment: 1m – 1.6m - Galvanized Drive-On Grating - Reinforced Side Railings - Solid Rubber Transport Wheels - Central Forklift Hook for Easy Relocation - Adjustable Ramp Slope and Flap Height - Double-Sided Reinforced Supports - Movable Parts Equipped with Grease Nipples - Ramp Also Equipped with a Winch ✅ Drive-On Grating: Galvanized anti-slip grating with grooves. Provides a safe and secure surface. Forklifts and foot traffic benefit from maximum traction and stability. Competitors usually offer ramps with a sheet metal platform covered by mesh. Our product features the grooved grating, which is far more durable and allows dirt from forklift wheels to fall through, preventing slippage and buildup. ✅ Forklift Hook – Can Be Installed on Either Side: Convenient and quick forklift mounting allows for movement in all directions. The specially designed hook enables easy maneuvering even in tight spaces. ✅ Connecting Chain for TIR, Railway Wagon or Stationary Dock: A robust steel chain adds extra safety, preventing ramp movement during loading operations. ✅ Durable Side Railings: Protective railings with detachable options for installing a frame or canopy (canopy is optional). ✅ Electric Height Adjustment: Smooth electro-hydraulic lift powered by a high-grade pump. Requires only 230V – can be operated from a standard socket. ✅ Dual-Action Manual Pump: A hydraulic pump for height adjustment when power supply is unavailable – enables lifting from both directions. Ideal for all working conditions. ⭐️ Available Variants Include: ⭐️ Drive-on width: 1700 mm, 2000 mm, and 2500 mm – available in Standard, Premium, and Premium Plus. Load capacities: 10 tons, 15 tons, 20 tons, and 25 tons. Grating thickness: 3–5 cm. Colors: red, blue, black, and green (custom colors available upon request). Mobile ramps available with tarpaulin cover. As a manufacturer, we also offer custom-made ramps tailored to your specifications – in any dimensions, load capacity, or variant. Looking for a personalized solution you can’t find anywhere else? Contact our specialist today. Tags: Loading ramp, unloading ramp, loading dock, mobile ramp, dock ramp, mobile loading ramp, mobile unloading ramp.