Used Shell End Mill/Gel End Mill for sale (17,383)

Condition: used, Universal Milling Machine VERNIER FV 250 E Travel X: 800 mm Travel Y: 300 mm Travel Z: 500 mm Cone: SA 40 Spindle speed: from 45 to 2000 RPM Table size: 1060 x 250 mm Horizontally + vertically tilting head Auto Feeds X - Y - Z Lubricant pump Voltage: 380 V Width: 1600 mm Depth: 2000 mm Total height: 1700 mm Gujdpfxszz Hyko Ak Ueg Weight: approx 2 T

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1980, functionality: limited functionality, machine/vehicle number: 200/80, total width: 1,540 mm, total length: 1,330 mm, total height: 2,110 mm, table length: 800 mm, For sale: a grooving milling machine. Manufacturer: WMW HECKERT Machine dimensions: 1330 x 1540 x 2110 mm Gusdezz Rzfjpfx Ak Ueg Machine weight: 2.5 tons

Year of construction: 2018, condition: ready for operation (used), - USED - 5-AXIS BRIDGE-TYPE CNC MILLING MACHINE Gujdpfxjwla Hns Ak Usg LONGITUDINAL TRAVEL: 2500 mm TRANSVERSAL TRAVEL: 3500 mm VERTICAL TRAVEL: 1300 mm RAPID FEEDS L-T-V: 40 m/min TABLE SIZE: 3500 x 2500 mm HEAD: A/B AXIS AUTOMATIC ; A-axis ±185° - B-axis ±270° ; HSK A100 ; 12000 rpm TOOL MAGAZINE: CHAIN-TYPE ; 64 POS CONTROL UNIT: HEIDENHAIN TNC640 WEIGHT: 51370 Kg ACCESSORIES: HIGH PRESSURE COOLANT ; SWARF CONVEYOR ; LASER TOOL SETTER ; PAPER FILTER ; TOUCH PROBE ; PORTABLE HANDWHEEL

Year of construction: 2004, condition: ready for operation (used), - USED - TRAVELLING COLUMN CNC MILLING MACHINE WITH ROTARY AND SHIFTING TABLE LONGITUDINAL TRAVEL: 4000 mm TRANSVERSAL TRAVEL: 1250 mm VERTICAL TRAVEL: 2000 mm RAPID FEEDS L-T-V: 20 m/min TRANSVERSAL TRAVEL OF THE TABLE: 2000 mm PALLET: 2000 x 2500 mm; 1200 rpm MAX ADMITTED LOAD: 28000 Kg HEAD: A/B AXIS AUTOMATIC ; ISO50 DIN ; 15-4000 rpm; 30 kW; 650 Nm TOOL MAGAZINE: CHAIN-TYPE ; 41 POS CONTROL UNIT: FIDIA C20 XPOWER HIGH PRESSURE COOLANT: 12 Bar Godpfowlwhcsx Ak Ujug ACCESSORIES: PORTABLE HANDWHEEL ; SWARF CONVEYOR ; LASER TOOL SETTER

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2006, functionality: fully functional, Technical details spindle diameter 125 mm x-travel 3000 mm y-travel 2000 mm z-travel 1500 mm W-axis (spindle longitudinal) 600 mm table-size 1250 x 1600 mm table load capacity - central/maximum 5000 kg Control Heidenhain iTNC 530 tool taper ISO 50 spindle turning speed range 5 - 3000 U/min spindle drive motor 37 kW max. torque on the spindle 1646 Nm transmission ratio 2 weight of the machine ca. 23 t dimensions of the machine ca. 6830 x 6615 x 7200 mm Additional information Working hours: - Machine on: 59.078 h - Autom. cycle: 24.207 h * CNC-control HEIDENHAIN iTNC 530 * Coolant equipment Godjzx Rxlepfx Ak Usug * Table B-axis, 360.000 positions

Year of construction: 1995, condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, Manufacturer: Rapid, Sweden Type: 1535 Dimensions of the grinding chamber: 350 x 150 mm Power: 4 kW New blades 15 rotor blades 2 stator blades Additional 2 screens with hole diameters of 6/5 mm and 4 mm Godpfjztfkxsx Ak Ujug

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2009, bore capacity in steel (diameter) 20 mm x-travel 240 mm y-travel 160 mm table-size 430 x 240 mm spindle taper MT 2 spindle turning speed - stepless 200 - 3600 U/min quill stroke 75 mm voltage 400 V Gjdszyvadepfx Ak Ueug total power requirement 0,7 / 1,3 kW weight of the machine ca. 220 kg dimensions of the machine ca. 0,60 x 0,85 x 1,65 m !!! ATTENTION !!! EXCELLENT CONDITION !!! This machine comes from a vocational school! - Serial No.: 187426 - Stepless speed adjustment - Digital speed display - Cross table - Collet chuck - Mounted on a base frame

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2015, operating hours: 6,271 h, functionality: fully functional, spindle speed (max.): 6,000 rpm, type of input current: three-phase, total height: 1,800 mm, total length: 1,700 mm, total width: 1,250 mm, overall weight: 1,200 kg, In very good condition. Primarily used for producing small series in plastic. Year of manufacture: 2015. Can be inspected during production until calendar week 39/2026. Control system: Siemens 828 D. Inspection possible at any time by appointment. Technical data: Turning diameter over the cross slide: 85 mm Turning diameter over the bed: 250 mm Maximum turning diameter: 85 mm Maximum turning length: 225 mm Maximum bar diameter: 25.5 mm Travel: Z-axis: 300 mm X-axis: 100 mm Tool turret with 12 tool positions, VDI16 6 of which are driven. Spindle speeds: 0 - 6000 rpm Main spindle: C-axis (spindle, resolution): 0.001° Machine weight: approx. 1200 kg Gsdpfxszxpt Io Ak Uoug Dimensions: Length: 1700 mm Width: 1250 mm Height: 1800 mm Accessories: 2 axially driven tools, 2 radially driven tools, 8 VDI16 tool holders, Collet chuck for collets of type: 385E, Parts catcher, LED indicator light. 4 wedge shims, machine documentation.

Condition: excellent (used), CATALOGUE NUMBER 8010 TECHNICAL DATA Equipment: - table - pre-milling - belt feeder - 2 glue tanks: for granules and cartridges Gusdpfszw Dx Ajx Ak Ueg - currently, the machine uses hot melt adhesive (granules) - guillotine – for pre-cutting veneer - 3 pressure rollers - 2 trimming units with saws for final trimming - 2 milling units for edge shaping (radius cutters) - corner rounding unit - sanding units – for removing excess glue - polishing units - stepless feed rate adjustment 8-18mm - workpiece thickness 6-45mm - minimum workpiece length 180mm - minimum workpiece width 600mm - maximum veneer thickness fed from a roll 3mm - air consumption 6-8 bar - dust extraction nozzle diameter 7x80mm, 1x130mm - dimensions L/W/H 6650x1260x1700mm - weight 1850kg ADVANTAGES – Made in Germany – Spray system – Pre-milling and corner rounding – 2 glue tanks – Includes 4 additional milling cutters – Unpainted – Original technical documentation and CE marking – Very good condition – Used veneer edging machine Net price: 49900 PLN Net price: 11880 EUR, depending on the exchange rate of 4.20 EUR (Prices are subject to change due to exchange rate fluctuations)

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2001, Retrofitted: 2026 Guedpfxeugbrqs Ak Usg Numerical control: HEIDENHAIN TNC-426 Technical features Dimensions Table dimensions: 6000 x 1000 mmNumber of T slots: 7T slots dimensions: 22 mm Traverses of axis Longitudinal traverse X: 5300 mmVertical traverse Y: 1050 mmTransversal traverse Z: 1500 mmVertical capacity (VC): 80 - 1130 Milling head Head type: Fixed frontalTool clamping system: HydraulicTaper nose: ISO 50 (DIN 69871)   /   Pull stud: DIN 69872-BSpeed range: 60 - 3000 rpmSpindle power: 22/30 kW Feedrates Feedrate: 5000 mm/minRapid feedrate (X,Y,Z): 10000 mm/min Weight and dimensions Maximum weight on table: UndeterminedMachine weight approximate: 43000 kgMachine dimensions approximate: 11560 x 6150 x 3538 mm Accessories Guarding: 2 front sliding doorsAutomatic tool changer: ATC40Chip conveyor: 2 longitudinals hinge typeElectronic handwheel: HR-410Coolant: External Sale conditions Warranty: 6 months mechanical partsPrice and sale conditions: On request View all technical features

Year of construction: 2005, condition: used, X-axis: 500mm, Y-axis: 450mm, Z-axis: 400mm, swivel rotary table dimensions: 630x500mm, max. table load: 200kg, swivel range: -5 to 110°, continuously variable speed: 20-10,000/min, drive power (100%/40% duty cycle): 9kW/13kW, torque (40% duty cycle): 82Nm, input resolution: 0.01mm, positioning tolerance: 0.010mm, rapid traverse: 24m/min, feed speed: 20m/min, number of SK40 tool positions (DIN 69871): 30, tool diameter (speed-dependent): D80-D130, max. tool length: 290mm, max. tool weight: 6kg, connected load: 17kW, control: Siemens 840D Powerline ShopMill, length: 4860mm, width: 4350mm, height: 2424mm, transport dimensions: 2210x2120x2150mm, weight: 4.05t, operating hours power-on time: 35,880h, spindle hours: 9609h. Equipment: digital drive and hydraulic clamping (positioning operation only), electronic angle display and plane transformation, chain magazine with double gripper, additional cabin door on the right, 80l coolant system, coolant/compressed-air switching, flushing gun, oil pan drawing, MDE interface (machine on, machine running, piece counter), documentation in German, 3D machine model for kinematic simulation in the CAM programming system (IGES, STEP format), numerous SK40 tool holders (DIN 69871), Heidenhain TS641 infrared touch probe, electronic handwheel, additional V24 RS232 interface on the control cabinet. An on-site inspection is possible. Gujdjzxr Rcspfx Ak Ujg

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2020, Console milling machine Reckermann 1300 Kombi Gjdpfjx A Etfox Ak Usug The machine is in absolutely mint condition. The customer did not receive the parts for which the machine was intended.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2018, Control Siemens x-travel 750 mm y-travel 660 mm z-travel 650 mm Swivel range 0 - 180 ° Swivel time (0°–180°) ca. 5 s X-axis acceleration 6 m/s² Z-axis acceleration 9 m/s² Y-axis acceleration 6 m/s² spindle tunring speed 12.000 U/min spindle diameter in front bearing 80 mm Torque S6-40% 210 Nm tool taper HSK 63 Guedpeyrt A Iofx Ak Ueg number of tool places 120 Pos. The machine was used for machining aluminum and, in our assessment, is in good used condition. It can be inspected under power by appointment. Technical features & accessories: - Twin spindle - 5-axis - Pallet changer Accessories, tools, and clamping devices shown are only included if explicitly stated in the additional information. Technical data and specifications are subject to change without notice. Prior sale is reserved.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2020, operating hours: 4,800 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: NL154200702, Manufacturing origin: JP Voltage: 380 V / 50 Hz / 3-phase Net weight: 5,400 kg Customs tariff number: 8458.9100 TECHNICAL DATA Maximum turning diameter: 350 mm Turning length: 515 mm CNC control: M730UM MAPPS Celos Swing over bed: 923.8 mm Swing diameter above carriage: 755 mm Standard turning diameter: 260 mm Bar capacity: 34 mm Main spindle: Spindle speed range: 100 – 8,000 rpm Spindle motor power: 11 / 7.5 kW C-axis resolution: 0.001° Chuck diameter: 210 mm Subspindle: Maximum speed: 8,000 rpm Spindle nose: A2-5 Axis travels: X-axis travel: 260 mm Z-axis travel: 580 mm Godpew T Sn Eofx Ak Ujug Y-axis travel: 100 mm (±50 mm) Turret: Number of turret stations: 20 Driven stations: 20 Tool shank diameter: 25 mm Maximum driven tool speed: 10,000 rpm Driven tool motor power: 5.5 / 3.7 kW Feed rates: Rapid traverse X-axis: 30 m/min Rapid traverse Z-axis: 30 m/min Rapid traverse subspindle: 30 m/min Rapid traverse Y-axis: 10 m/min Rapid traverse C-axis: 400 rpm Total power requirement: 31 kVA Approximate machine weight: 5.4 t Approximate machine dimensions: 4.0 x 3.0 x 3.2 m Errors and omissions excepted – data provided without obligation.

Condition: refurbished (used), Year of construction: 2025, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 176308, Country of manufacture: Switzerland Voltage: 400 / 380 / 50 / 3 Net weight: approx. 350 kg Dimensions: 82x85x156 cm Installed power: max 2 kVA Customs classification: 8460.3930 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS GRINDING WHEEL SPINDLE UNIT Spindle speed (both rotation directions): 2,500 / 3,500 / 5,000 / 7,100 rpm Grinding wheel motor power (2,800 rpm): 0.4 HP Vertical slide stroke (linear): 100 mm Micrometric stop adjustment travel: 25 mm Micrometric stop readout accuracy: 0.01 mm WORKPIECE SPINDLE UNIT Workpiece spindle speed (both directions, continuous): 100–900 rpm Motor power: 0.2 HP Gusdpjw T S Sqofx Ak Uog Indexing plate teeth count: 120 Angular vernier reading: 20' Collet type: W-20 Horizontal travel: 100 mm Rapid feed per handwheel turn: 2 mm Micrometric feed per handwheel turn: 0.1 mm Micrometric feed per scale division: 0.001 mm SPINDLE HEAD SWIVEL RANGE (a) Main direction: 165° Fixed ratchet increments: every 3° Increments with micrometric screw: every 2' (b) Grinding plane: approx. 15° Stop: at 0° Cross movement range: 80 mm Micrometer travel: 25 mm Reading precision: 0.01 mm Extraction motor power (2,800 rpm): 0.25 HP All technical specifications provided without guarantee and subject to possible errors or omissions.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1995, Control: HEIDENHAIN TNC 415 B Travel: X= 600, Y= 400, Z= 420 mm Speed range: 20 – 4000 rpm Gear stages: 3 Spindle taper: SK 40 Quill stroke: 75 mm Gujdpfow Uin Sox Ak Ueg Spindle motor: 5.9 kW Feed range: 1 – 5000/6000 mm/min (manual/programmed) Rapid traverse x, y: 7 m/min Rapid traverse z: 6 m/min Clamping area: 900 x 458 mm Weight: approx. 2300 kg With coolant system, electronic handwheel, various tools (without cabinet)

Condition: used, Older, fully functional stone grinding mill / feed mill. Gujdpfxoxb Nxce Ak Uog Power supply: 380 VOLT Motor power: 11 kW Net weight of the mill: approx. 500 kg Inspection and loading of the mill are possible by prior appointment! Shipping via freight forwarder is also possible! A video of the mill can be sent to a phone number with WhatsApp upon request!

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2004, functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 610 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 510 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 610 mm, - ULTIMAX 4 control - toolchanger for 24 tools - coolant through spindle - chip screw - electronical hand wheel - measuring feeler Renishaw Gjdpfx Akjx D A Ddo Usug Technische Daten / technical details: Verfahrweg X / X-Travel 610 mm Verfahrweg Y / Y-Travel 510 mm Verfahrweg Z / Z-Travel 610 mm Tischgröße / table size 760x510 mm Werkzeugschaft / spindle taper SK40 Drehzahlbereich / spindle speed 10-10000 UpM /rpm Anzahl der Werkzeugplätze / tool places in ATC 24 fach Eilgang / rapid feed 30 m/min Gewicht der Maschine ca. / weight 4700 Kg Technische Daten, Zubehör und Beschreibung der Maschine sind unverbindlich - Technical data, accessories and description of the machine are not binding.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1987, Technical details: spindle diameter: 110 mm x-travel: 1985 mm y-travel: Spindelstock vert. 1270 mm z-travel: Tisch längs: 1260 m. Setzstock/1490 m. Setzstock mm table adjustment: nein ° B-axis (table): 360 W-axis (spindle longitudinal): axial: 710 mm U-axis: Planschieber radial: 250 mm control for program: Heidenhain 320 Gedpfxeu Utwbj Ak Usug tool taper: ISO 50 table-size: 1600 x 1400 mm table rotating: 360 ° table load: 6,3 t range drill spindle revolution per minute: 6,3 ... 1250 / 4 step U/min revolution per minute: Plansupport: 6,3 ... 315 / 2 step U/min feed steps: Tisch: 5...2500 und Spindelstock vert. 5...2500 mm/min total power requirement: ca. 90 kW weight of the machine ca.: 30 t Tailstock Facing slide 700 Electronic handwheel max. turning Ø for drilling: 630mm max. turning Ø for facing: 1250mm At the moment the Horizontal Boring and Milling Machine has an electrical fault in the control (unknown). Our offer/sale is as described and as is! *

Condition: used, CNC Milling Machine DECKEL Type FP 3 A Tool-tool milling machine with handwheels, also for conventional operation Serial No. 2206 - Built in 1982 GRUNDIG CNC 2101 CNC control system Travel paths X: 490 mm, Y: 300 mm, Z: 340 mm Table size 705 x 425 mm Spindle mount SK 40 Quill stroke 100 mm Spindle speed 25 - 2500 rpm, 21 steps Gsdpfsv R E Rdox Ak Ujug Feed rate 5 - 500 mm/min, continuously variable Rapid traverse speed 1200 mm/min Spindle motor power: 2/4 kW, pole-changing Power supply: 380 V, 50 Hz - GRUNDIG CNC 2101 CNC control system - Mechanical handwheels for all three axes - Universal tilt-and-turn table - Vertical milling head tilts and is manually adjustable by 200 mm - Hydro-mechanical tool clamping - Coolant system in the machine base - Protective enclosure at the front and sides with three hinged doors - Control cabinet adjacent (L x W = 600 x 430 mm) Space requirement: L x W x H: 1900 x 1700 x 1950 mm Weight: 1700 kg (machine 1540 kg + electrical cabinet 160 kg) Very good condition

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2009, Bernardo FM 45 V drilling and milling machine. The FM 45 V drilling and milling machine offers an optimal price-performance ratio thanks to the standard spindle feed. The dovetail guide of the gear head ensures maximum precision and stability. Drilling capacity in steel 32 mm Drilling capacity in cast iron 40 mm Throat 260 mm Spindle speed (12) 50 - 2520 rpm Spindle mount MK 4 Quill stroke 120 mm Quill feed (3) 0.12 / 0.19 / 0.26 mm/rev Table size 820 x 240 mm Distance spindle / table 40 - 485 mm Travel path (x / y) 550 / 190 mm Height adjustment of milling head 400 mm T-slot size 14 mm T-slot distance 55 mm Motor output power S1 100% 0.85 / 1.1 kW (400 V) Motor input power S6 40% 1.1 / 1.5 kW (400 V) Machine dimensions (W x D x H) 1150 x 850 x 1450 mm Weight approx. 285 kg Standard with automatic spindle feed and thread cutting device Large speed range 50 - 2520 rpm (12 levels) Dovetail guide for x, y and z axes, adjustable via wedge strips Godpfx Akevutw Hs Uoug Versatile application options, slot milling, face milling, boring,.... Solid large cross table, precisely surface-machined Milling: spindle feed via handwheel Drilling: spindle feed via handwheel High-quality aluminum motor, designed for continuous operation Stable and vibration-free cast design Simple and quick speed change using a gear lever Pivoting milling head for angle drilling, milling bevels, etc. Location: from stock 54634 Bitburg - available at short notice -

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2018, functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 1,020 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 520 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 550 mm, CNC control Sinumerik 828D 24-fold automatic tool changer chip conveyor coolant through spindle device measuring feeler Technische Daten / technical details: Verfahrweg X / X-Travel 1020 mm Verfahrweg Y / Y-Travel 520 mm Verfahrweg Z / Z-Travel 550 mm Tischgröße / table size 1100x500 mm Gedpfx Akjwu Tpno Ujug Drehzahlbereich / spindle speed 10000 UpM /rpm Anzahl der Werkzeugplätze / tool places in changer 24 fach Antriebsleistung Spindel / drive capacity spindle 9/22 kW Gewicht der Maschine ca. / weight 5500 Kg Technische Daten, Zubehör und Beschreibung der Maschine sind unverbindlich - Technical data, accessories and description of the machine are not binding.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1991, Control: Heidenhain TNC 407 Travel range: X = 600, Y = 400, Z = 420 mm Spindle speed range: 20 – 4000 rpm Gear stages: 3 Tool holder: SK 40 Quill stroke: 75 mm Spindle motor: 5.9 kW Feed rate range: 1 – 5000/6000 mm/min (manual/program) Rapid traverse rate x, y: 7 m/min Guodpewvif Usfx Ak Ujg Rapid traverse rate z: 6 m/min Clamping surface: 900 x 458 mm Weight: approx. 2300 kg With coolant system, electric handwheel, and measuring probe (defective).

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2012, functionality: fully functional, CNC Horizontal Lathe Mori Seiki NL2000Y/500 Year 2012 Controller : MAPPS III Max Swing Ø923mm Max over cross slide Ø755mm Max Turn Ø356mm Bar Capacity Ø65mm Travel X260mm / Z590mm Y +/-50mm Godowvrfkepfx Ak Uoug Spindle Speed 5000rpm Turret 12 stations Max. milling speed 6,000rpm Chip conveyor Stock Clearance at 39.000EUR ONLY

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1999, functionality: fully functional, turning length: 196 mm, turning diameter over cross slide: 130 mm, spindle speed (min.): 6,000 rpm, bar diameter (max.): 36 mm, overall weight: 1,900 kg, Equipment: documentation/manual, Yamazaki Mazak QT-6T CNC Turning Center – Excellent Condition We offer for sale a well-maintained Yamazaki Mazak QT-6T CNC Turning Center, manufactured in Japan and kept in excellent mechanical and operational condition. The machine is currently under power, in production, and available for inspection and testing upon appointment. Machine Information - Manufacturer: Yamazaki Mazak - Model: Quick Turn QT-6T - Year of Manufacture: 1999 - Serial Number: 39178 - Country of Origin: Japan - CNC Control: Mazatrol - Configuration: 2-Axis CNC Turning Center (X / Z) - Machine Weight: Approx. 1,900 kg Main Features - 6" Chuck - Collet Chuck - Complete Set of Collets Included - Bar Capacity up to 36 mm - 8-Station Turret - Tool Eye (Automatic Tool Measurement System) - Automatic Parts Catcher - Coolant System - Fully Operational Included Equipment - Fedek Bar Feeder - Bar Feeder Length: 1.5 m - Pneumatic Bar Pushing System - 6" Chuck - Collet Chuck - Complete Set of Collets - Full Set of Tool Holders Gujdpfx Ajzal Rajk Usg - Original Manuals and Documentation - Various Accessories Additional Equipment Included The machine is supplied with the complete set of spindle protection plastic tubes (bar guide tubes), allowing safe operation with bar stock and minimizing vibration, noise, and bar whipping during spindle rotation. This contributes significantly to machining stability, surface finish quality, and spindle protection when running long bars. Technical Specifications - Maximum Turning Diameter: Approx. 130 mm - Maximum Turning Length: Approx. 196 mm - Spindle Bore: Approx. 45 mm - Maximum Spindle Speed: Up to 7,000 rpm - Bar Capacity: 32–36 mm - X-Axis Travel: Approx. 80 mm - Z-Axis Travel: Approx. 200 mm - Rapid Traverse X/Z: Up to 30 m/min Condition ✔ Excellent mechanical condition ✔ Regularly maintained ✔ Machine under power ✔ Ready for immediate production ✔ Inspection and test run possible ✔ All manuals and documentation available Additional Information This machine is offered as a complete production package and is ideal for precision machining of bar stock, small and medium batch production, and high-accuracy turning applications. The machine comes with extensive tooling, collets, holders, automatic tool setting, automatic parts catcher, bar feeder, and spindle guide tube system, allowing immediate integration into production with minimal additional investment. Loading assistance is available. Videos of the machine running can be provided upon request.