Used Doosan D30S-9 for sale (18,270)

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2011, number of axes: 2, This DOOSAN PUMA 2100MS was manufactured in 2011. It features a 65 mm motorized bar passage and a counter-spindle, complete with accessories and an LNS bar loader. Ideal for precision horizontal turning operations. Contact us for more information about this machine. Additional equipment • Motorized bar passage with counter-spindle • Complete with accessories and LNS bar loader Extra Information Hjdpfx Agsx D Drvj Iofg Machine still under power

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2019, operating hours: 10,346 h, travel distance X-axis: 1,050 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 650 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 650 mm, number of axes: 3, This 3-axis DOOSAN NX 6500 II was manufactured in 2019. It features a Heidenhain TNC 640 control, a table size of 1200 mm by 650 mm, and travels of 1050 mm in X, 650 mm in Y, and 650 mm in Z. The spindle reaches up to 20,000 rpm, and the tool magazine holds 30 positions. If you are looking to get high-quality milling capabilities consider the DOOSAN NX 6500 II machine we have for sale. Contact us for more information. • Table Length: 1200 mm • Table Width: 650 mm • Maximum Spindle Speed: 20000 rpm • Spindle: EPM spindle made in Germany Hjdsx Uq Hdopfx Ag Iofg • Spindle Taper: ISO 40 dual contact • Tool Magazine Capacity: 30 positions • X, Y, Z Axis Scales • Linear Guideways (LM guide) • MPG Handwheel • Operation and Maintenance Manuals Included

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2014, travel distance X-axis: 1,400 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 1,050 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 1,200 mm, controller manufacturer: FANUC, controller model: 31i CNC, total height: 3,760 mm, overall weight: 26,000 kg, spindle speed (max.): 6,000 rpm, tool weight: 30,000 g, number of axes: 4, This 4-axis DOOSAN HM 8000 horizontal machining center was manufactured in 2014. Equipped with Fanuc 31i CNC control, it features a maximum workpiece diameter of 1450 mm and weight capacity of 2000 Kg. It includes a high-pressure through-spindle coolant system, chip conveyor, and both workpiece and tool probes. If you are looking to get high-quality milling capabilities consider the DOOSAN HM 8000 machine we have for sale. Contact us for more information about this machine. Additional equipment • Belt-type oil skimmer • Triple light tower • Shower coolant Hodpfsyair Uox Ag Iofg • Through-spindle coolant 70 bar – 75 kW with cyclone filtration • Automatic shutdown • Tool load monitoring • Chip conveyor • Workpiece probe OMP60 • Tool probe TS27R Machine Benefits Technical Machine Benefits • Equipped with fanuc 31i cnc control • B-axis: indexable by degree • Pallet size: 800 x 800 mm • Pallet centering device • Tool magazine: 60 tools type bt 50 • Max. Torque: 1732 n·m Extra Information Machine still under power Dimensions Machine Depth 8150 mm

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2016, travel distance X-axis: 1,020 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 540 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 510 mm, total height: 2,700 mm, table load: 800 kg, overall weight: 6,500 kg, spindle speed (max.): 12,000 rpm, spindle motor power: 18,500 W, product length (max.): 3,985 mm, number of axes: 4, This 4s DOOSAN DNM 500II was manufactured in 2016, featuring a table size of 1200 × 540 mm and a maximum table load of 800 kg. With an X-axis travel of 1020 mm and a spindle speed of 12,000 rpm, this vertical machining center offers efficient machining capabilities. Consider the opportunity to buy this DOOSAN DNM 500II vertical machining center. Contact us for further details. • Operating hours: 4,500 • Table size: 1200 × 540 mm • Rapid traverse: X/Y 36 m/min, Z 30 m/min • Tool changer: random arm, 30 stations • Coolant: through‑spindle coolant 20 bar, flood coolant • Preparation: 4th‑axis preparation • Control: FANUC Oi‑M Easy Guide; look‑ahead 200 blocks; electronic handwheel; USB port • Other: automatic door opening/closing; 3‑color status lamp; documentation and CD‑ROM • Condition: Good; perfect working condition • Availability: Immediately available Additional equipment Hfodpfxsyg Ilts Ag Ieg • 4th axis: NIKKEN CNC202FA • Chip conveyor • Belt‑type oil skimmer • Air/coolant guns Technical Specification Taper Size BT 40

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2020, operating hours: 2,850 h, travel distance X-axis: 800 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 450 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 510 mm, controller manufacturer: SIEMENS, total height: 2,985 mm, overall weight: 5,000 kg, number of slots in tool magazine: 30, tool weight: 8,000 g, number of axes: 3, This 3-axis DOOSAN DNM 4500 vertical machining center was manufactured in 2020. It features a SIEMENS 828 D CNC controller, with X-axis travel of 800 mm, Y-axis travel of 450 mm, and Z-axis travel of 510 mm. The spindle operates at 12,000 rpm with a drive power of 16.5 kW. It includes a tool magazine with 30 slots and additional equipment like a chip conveyor and an electronic handwheel. Contact us for more information about this machine. Additional equipment • Electronic Handwheel Hfjdpfsx D E H Isx Ag Iog • Chip conveyor • Oil skimmer • Emulsion flushing gun • 2 x Hydraulic vice • 25 x Clamping chuck BT40 Machine Benefits Technical Machine Benefits • Table dimensions: 1000 x 450 mm • Distance spindle nose - table surface: 150 - 775 mm • Max. Tool diameter with free neighboring places: 125 mm • Max. Tool diameter with occupied neighboring places: 80 mm Extra Information Machine still under power Dimensions Machine Depth 2158 mm

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2017, controller manufacturer: FANUC, controller model: F0i-F, spindle speed (max.): 12,000 rpm, number of axes: 4, This 4-axis DOOSAN DNM 6700 vertical machining center was manufactured in 2017. Ideal for precision machining, it offers robust construction and reliability. Consider the opportunity to buy this DOOSAN DNM 6700 vertical machining center. Contact us for more information. Additional equipment • Spindle Cooler: Included • Preparation for 4th Axis: Pneumatic Clamping Line • Torque Monitoring: Tool Monitoring Systems Machine Benefits Technical Machine Benefits • Coolant pump medium pressure type 1: 19 bar, 1. 5 kw, 18 l/min • Cyclone filter: 25 um • Hinged belt conveyor: ejection left or right side • Oil separator: belt type Hsdox D Sqtjpfx Ag Ijfg Extra Information Machine still under power Technical Specification Taper Size BT 40

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2011, operating hours: 5,477 h, spindle speed (max.): 3,500 rpm, total height: 1,863 mm, overall weight: 6,000 kg, controller manufacturer: FANUC, controller model: I series, number of axes: 3, This 3-axis DOOSAN Puma 2600M was manufactured in 2011. A robust horizontal turning machine featuring a Fanuc I Series control system, it offers a maximum turning diameter of 376 mm and a length of 760 mm. Spindle speed reaches up to 3,500 rpm. Includes chip conveyor, tool holders, and driven tools. If you are looking to get high-quality turning capabilities consider the DOOSAN Puma 2600M machine we have for tact us for more information. Additional equipment • Tool holders • 2+2 driven tools • Automatic tool measurement • Oil catcher • Oil mist filter (Losma) Machine Benefits Technical Machine Benefits Hsdpfx Agox D N Naj Iofg • Maximum turning diameter: 376 mm • Maximum turning length: 760 mm • Maximum spindle speed: 3500 rpm Extra Information Machine still under power Dimensions Machine Depth 4600 mm

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2020, Lathes Hjdpjyrfl Usfx Ag Ijfg Travel distance X: 293 mm Travel distance Y :130 mm Travel distance Z: 1350 mm turning length: 1285 mm max. turning diameter: 850 mm max. circulation diameter: 420 mm spindle boring: 102 mm input Power: 26 kW max. turning moment: 1123 NM range of revolutions till: 2800 rpm Control: Fanuc I-series powered tools control Fanuc The machine offers a maximum turning length of 1,285 mm, a maximum turning diameter of 420 mm, and a maximum swing over bed of 850 mm. The main spindle provides a spindle bore of 102 mm and a speed range up to 2,800 rpm, delivering high torque and stable machining performance. Equipped with a 12-station turret, driven tools, and a FANUC i-Series control, the machine is well suited for complex turning and milling operations in modern production environments.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2007, Doosan Puma 300MC C-axis with driven tools, 360° (0.001°) Year: 2007 Fanuc 21iTB with Manual Guide Chuck: 12 inch (315mm) Samchully Spindle bore: 102mm Max turning diameter: 355mm Axis travels: X - 250mm Z - 680mm Turret: BMT 65 Tailstock Tool probe Chip conveyor, coolant tank with pump Tool holders Hfjdpfxeyrb Urs Ag Ieg Machine documentation Condition: very good

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2012, Doosan MX 2600 ST, Year 2012, Location: 78176 Blumberg Turning diameter: 760 mm Turning length: 1540 mm Control: FANUC Chuck diameter: 254 mm Bar capacity: 76 mm Spindle bore: 86 mm Swing over bed: 1000 mm X-axis travel: 630 x 220 mm Z-axis travel: 1585 x 1515 mm Y-axis travel: 230 mm Spindle speed: 4,000 rpm Spindle nose: A2-8 Milling spindle speed range: 10,000 rpm Tool changer: 80 positions Turret: 12 stations Tool holder: BMT 65 P, Capto Drive power: 26/22 kW Total power requirement: 100 kVA Machine weight: approx. 15.5 t Space required: approx. 6.1 x 2.7 x 3.0 m Equipped with sub-spindle, lower turret, driven tools, and 80-position tool magazine. Hfsdpfx Agsywax Is Isg Hydraulic hollow chuck system 12-position lower tool turret with BMT 65 P Chuck air-blow system for spindle 1 and spindle 2 Automatic central lubrication Contour milling with B-axis incl. 4-axis simultaneous machining Internal coolant supply on the sub-spindle Automatic tool measuring arm Electronic tool breakage monitoring 2-stage clamping pressure for main and sub-spindle Automatic shutdown after production end Hinged belt chip conveyor 2 x power chucks 200 mm 1 x radial AGW 1 x axial AGW Extended high-pressure and paper band coolant system 80-position tool magazine Further information available upon request. Commissioning and training available on request.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2014, operating hours: 240 h, fuel type: diesel, color: white, power: 360 kW (489.46 HP), total length: 4,010 mm, total width: 1,400 mm, total height: 2,110 mm, Power: 417 Current frequency: 50 Hz Voltage: 380/400 Manufacturing country: United Kingdom Hodoyiltdspfx Ag Isfg

Year of construction: 2006, condition: ready for operation (used), A Doosan CNC lathe is available. Turning diameter: 300mm, turning diameter over bed/face slide: 550mm/390mm, max. turning length: 510mm, travel path X/Z: 205mm/580mm, rapid traverse: 24m/min, C-axis: 360°, bar capacity: 65mm, spindle bore: 76mm, speed: 4500rpm, tool stations: 12. Machine dimensions X/Y/Z: approx. 3500mm/1650mm/1800mm, weight: approx. 4250kg, control: Fanuc Series 18i-TB. Documentation vorhanden. An on-site inspection is possible. Hsdeyvuvxepfx Ag Isfg

Condition: reconditioned (used), Year of construction: 2016, operating hours: 13,425 h, functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 800 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 450 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 510 mm, rapid traverse X-axis: 36 m/min, rapid traverse Y-axis: 36 m/min, rapid traverse Z-axis: 30 m/min, controller manufacturer: FANUC, controller model: 0i-MF, table load: 600 kg, spindle speed (min.): 80 rpm, spindle speed (max.): 12,000 rpm, coolant supply: 20 bar, spindle motor power: 15 W, number of slots in tool magazine: 30, tool length: 300 mm, tool diameter: 80 mm, tool weight: 8 g, input voltage: 400 V, type of input current: three-phase, Equipment: chip conveyor, documentation/manual, rotational speed infinitely variable, USED ​​DOOSAN DNM 4500 vertical machining center with Fanuc 0i-MF CNC Hfjdpoynlzuofx Ag Ieg

Condition: used, machine/vehicle number: 26411, Year of construction: 2013, operating hours: 5,486 h, load capacity: 2,500 kg, lifting height: 3,950 mm, fuel type: diesel, mast type: simplex, construction height: 2,635 mm, Equipment: cabin, sideshift, .: 26411 Machine details: Year of manufacture: 2013 Load capacity: 2,500 kg Lifting height: 3,950 mm Indicated operating hours: 5,486 h Mast type: Standard Mast height: 2,635 mm Length/Width/Height: 2,500 / 1,160 / 2,210 mm Operating weight: 4,200 kg ---- Equipment: * Overhead guard * 3rd hydraulic valve * 4th hydraulic valve * Full cabin * Heater Hfjdpfxoyu Tk Ds Ag Iog * Front work lights * Rear work lights ----- Attachments: * Side shifter * Fork positioner * Load backrest ---- Further machine information: ---- The stated operating hours are generally read-off hours. We are happy to offer you suitable transport. An additional 250–300 forklifts, attachments, and sweepers are immediately available for you. Rentals also possible! We are happy to buy your used machine. Do you have any questions? You can reach us during our business hours from 7:30 am to 4:00 pm. We look forward to hearing from you! We speak English. Interim sale and errors for this offer are expressly reserved. For trade buyers, the machine is sold as-is, not refurbished. All information is provided without guarantee; errors and changes excepted.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2017, operating hours: 5,816 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: MLO237-000571, turning length: 513 mm, turning diameter: 300 mm, spindle motor power: 18,500 W, spindle speed (max.): 4,500 rpm, travel distance X-axis: 230 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 360 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 580 mm, rapid traverse X-axis: 24 m/min, rapid traverse Y-axis: 200 m/min, rapid traverse Z-axis: 30 m/min, torque: 47 Nm, feed rate X-axis: 24 m/min, feed rate Y-axis: 200 m/min, feed rate Z-axis: 30 m/min, total height: 1,700 mm, bar diameter (max.): 65 mm, quill diameter: 80 mm, quill travel distance: 80 mm, swing diameter over bed slide: 600 mm, overall weight: 3,700 kg, spindle diameter: 210 mm, Equipment: documentation/manual, Explore this excellent condition, robust and versatile DOOSAN PUMA GT 2100M as a high-performance CNC Horizontal Turning Center with powerful Milling capabilities - C-AXIS, designed as a "global standard" machine for high-precision and complex part machining. Equipped with C-AXIS (offering enhanced Milling capabilities) and a generous 513 mm Turning Length, Fanuc I Control unit, 4500 RPM Spindle Speed, and a super robust 18,5 kW Motor, this turning machine offers precision, power and versatility for your turning needs. Committed to quality, durability, and efficiency, this Turning Center equipped with C-AXIS, is integral to various industries, such as aerospace, energy and automotive, meeting the rigorous demands of modern industrial production while maintaining the strong reputation for reliability. Manufacturer: DOOSAN Hedpfx Ageyuyhpo Iefg Model: PUMA GT2100M Machine type: CNC Turning and Milling Center (C-AXIS) Condition: Excellent Condition - (Used) - Ready to use Year of construction: 2017 Cutting Time: 5816 hours Category ID: 1128 Type ID: 2239 If you have any questions or need more information, feel free to send us a message or give us a call. Kind Regards, 0040 733 55 80 41

Condition: used, machine/vehicle number: 26412, Year of construction: 2016, operating hours: 9,925 h, load capacity: 5,000 kg, lifting height: 4,690 mm, free lift: 1,410 mm, fuel type: diesel, mast type: triplex, construction height: 2,317 mm, Equipment: cabin, .: 26412 Equipment details: Year of manufacture: 2016 Load capacity: 5,000 kg Lifting height: 4,690 mm Read operating hours: 9,925 h Free lift: 1,410 mm Mast type: Triplex Mast height: 2,317 mm Length/Width/Height: 3,300 / 1,460 / 2,185 mm Operating weight: 7,550 kg Hfsdpfx Agsyg Df As Ijg ---- Features: * Overhead guard * 3rd valve * 4th valve * Full cab * Heater * Front working lights * Rear working lights ---- Further equipment information: ---- Operating hours are generally read off the display. We are happy to offer you suitable transport. Another 250 - 300 forklifts, attachments, and sweepers immediately available for you. Of course, also for rent! We are also happy to buy your OLD one. Do you have any questions? You can reach us during our business hours from 7:30 am to 4:00 pm. We look forward to hearing from you! We speak English. Interim sale and errors for this offer are expressly reserved. For dealers, the equipment is sold as-is, not refurbished. All information subject to change and errors excepted.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2003, Ref. -No.: 10454 Manufacturer: DOOSAN Type: DAEWOO PUMA 300 MSC Year of construction: 2003 Type of control: CNC Control: FANUC 18i-TB Storage location: Halberstadt Country of origin: South Korea Machine-No.: 0MS19XX Turning Speeds: 4500 RPM Bar passage: 62 mm Turning Length: 595 mm Turret places: 12 Pcs Further information: - 4 axes (X/Z/C/B) - counter spindle - driven tool station - finished part removal system Hodpfoym Nbvox Ag Iofg - conveyor belt - chip conveyor - Powercool coolant system - LNS Quickload Servo 3 bar loader - tool holder - collet holder - collets Machines can be inspected under power by appointment.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2020, Data: XYZ: 2160 x 760 x 650 mm Control: Fanuc Magazine: 30 tools Spindle: 12,000 rpm -- SK 40 Hjdpeyuiqtsfx Ag Isfg Table: 2160 x 760 mm Tool measurement Renishaw probe Through spindle coolant (IKZ) Chip conveyor Weight: 15,000 kg Machine powered and ready for demonstration

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2008, functionality: fully functional, type of input current: three-phase, travel distance X-axis: 1,020 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 510 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 510 mm, workpiece weight (max.): 800 kg, number of slots in tool magazine: 30, controller manufacturer: Fanuc, total height: 2,700 mm, total length: 4,080 mm, total width: 2,400 mm, overall weight: 7,000 kg, table length: 1,200 mm, table width: 510 mm, controller model: Oi-MC, coolant supply: 15 bar, spindle motor power: 15,000 W, number of spindles: 1, rapid traverse Z-axis: 30 m/min, rapid traverse X-axis: 36 m/min, rapid traverse Y-axis: 36 m/min, spindle nose: BT40, spindle speed (max.): 12,000 rpm, table load: 800 kg, Equipment: chip conveyor, rotational speed infinitely variable, Doosan NM510 Vertical Machining Centre Hfodpfsv Iq Ezex Ag Ieg Machine Type: 3 Axis Vertical Machining Centre Year: 2008 Control: Fanuc Series Oi-MC Condition: Very Good Includes Swarf Conveyor Chiller MCF20 Coolant Filter Autolube 6 x Tool Holders Notes Vice and clamping block in photos not included Technical Specifications Table Size: 1200 x 510mm Table Load: 800kg Travel (X-Axis): 1020mm Travel (Y-Axis): 510mm Travel (Z-Axis): 510mm Max Spindle Speed: 12,000rpm Spindle Power: 18.5/15/11kW Spindle Taper: BT 40 Rapid Traverse (X/Y/Z): 36/36/30m/min Tool Storage Capacity: 30 tools Tool Change Time (T-T/C-C): 1.7/3.5sec Machine Dimensions: 4080 x 2400 x 2700mm Machine Weight: 7,000kg Notes: *Specifications are given in good faith but not guaranteed*

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2022, functionality: fully functional, turning length: 725 mm, turning diameter over cross slide: 590 mm, turning diameter: 376 mm, spindle motor power: 30 W, spindle speed (max.): 2,800 rpm, spindle bore: 115 mm, travel distance X-axis: 280 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 830 mm, rapid traverse X-axis: 24 m/min, rapid traverse Z-axis: 30 m/min, torque: 1,112 Nm, bar passage: 103 mm, bar diameter (max.): 103 mm, quill stroke: 100 mm, quill diameter: 100 mm, quill travel distance: 100 mm, swing diameter over cross slide: 590 mm, spindle nose: A 2-11, swing diameter over bed slide: 720 mm, feed force X-axis: 9,465 N, feed force Z-axis: 17,379 N, Equipment: documentation/manual, rotational speed infinitely variable, As-new machine, only used for commissioning and combined with a Universal BIG 70 LoadAssistant holder. Can also be purchased separately. Hjdpfx Agsyud Uas Iefg

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2008, functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 762 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 406 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 508 mm, controller manufacturer: FANUC, controller model: Doosan-FANUC 21i-MB, table width: 430 mm, table length: 920 mm, spindle speed (max.): 20,000 rpm, spindle motor power: 15,000 W, number of spindles: 2, number of slots in tool magazine: 30, tool diameter: 40 mm, number of axes: 4, Equipment: documentation/manual, Tool Standard is CAT-40, 30 pieces of Tool-holders are attached to this machine 4th axis: rotary table included; Renishaw probe ready. through spindle coolant; Hsdjx Ncpgopfx Ag Iefg spindle chiller; rigid tapping; rapid traverse 36,000 mm/min; manual pulse generator; air blast; coolant tank & pump; chip tray;

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2022, Turning diameter 376mm, turning length 760mm, bar capacity 76mm, Y axis -/+ 52.5mm, C axis 0.001 degrees on both spindles, 12 station turret, 22KW Motor, Hfsdpfxoyll Txj Ag Iog Main spindle 4000rpm, sub-spindle 4500rpm, 3 jaw chucks, swarf conveyor, tool setter,

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2017, operating hours: 5,270 h, functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 1,020 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 550 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 530 mm, rapid traverse X-axis: 30 m/min, rapid traverse Y-axis: 30 m/min, rapid traverse Z-axis: 24 m/min, table load: 1,000 kg, Equipment: chip conveyor, Technical specifications MYNX 5400/50 CNC controller: Fanuc I series Axes: X-axis travel (mm): 1020 Y-axis travel (mm): 550 Z-axis travel (mm): 530 Hodpfxeytchpj Ag Iofg Work table: Table dimensions (mm): 1200 x 540 Maximum workpiece weight (kg): 1000 Spindle: Spindle speed (rpm): 6000 Spindle drive power (kW): 30 Spindle torque (Nm): 617 Equipment: Through-spindle coolant 20 bar Emulsion oil skimmer Pre-installed for 4th axis Axis and spindle load monitoring (tool load monitoring) 10.4" monitor Tool holder type: BT50 Number of tool magazine positions: 24 Chip conveyor Machine dimensions: Width (mm): 3350 Height (mm): 2920 Length (mm): 2467 Weight (kg): 7500

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2015, Traverses XYZ: 1020 x 540 x 510mm, table size 1200 x 540mm, ISO40 spindle taper, spindle speed 12000 rpm, Hfodpfx Agjylbpve Iog Siemens 828D Control, spindle motor power 15kW, 30 station ATC with side arm, Through Spindle Coolant, Low Volt Light, Swarf conveyor

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2022, CNC Lathe Doosan Puma 700 M II Control: Siemens Sinumeric 828 Year of manufacture: 2022 Turning length: 1,600 mm Turning diameter: 900 mm X-axis travel: 470 mm Z-axis travel: 1,650 mm Spindle speed: 3 – 1,500 rpm Tool turret: 12 stations (all driven) Tool holder: BMT 85P Equipment: Self-centering steady rest Chip conveyor Hfjdpfx Ageyk Tdis Ieg Touch setter 3-jaw chuck Programmable tailstock Extraction system Coolant pump 20 bar with cyclone filter Oil mist extractor