Used Cnc Gfm Fully Overhauled Cold Radial Forging for sale (24,268)

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2020, - Siemens Sinumerik 828D control system - Accessories: Collet chuck Working area Swinging diameter over bed ø250 mm Swinging diameter over cross slide ø85 mm Maximum turning diameter ø85 mm Maximum turning length 225 mm Maximum bar capacity ø25.5 mm Distance between centers (spindle nose – tailstock center) 405 mm Slide travel range Slide travel X 100 mm Slide travel Z 300 mm Main spindle Spindle mounting (centering rim) ø70 h5 Spindle outer diameter at front bearing ø50 mm Main spindle clamping system Hollow cylinder (pneumatic) with draw tube, max. passage ø25.5 mm Max. chuck size ø100 mm Fgjdszcv Rijpfx Ah Nec Main spindle drive AC motor, power (100%/40% ED) with integrated holding brake for driven tools 3.7 / 5.5 kW Speed range (continuously variable) 60-6300 rpm Max. torque 35 Nm Dimensions Height of the turning axis above the floor 1130 mm Overall height 1820 mm Footprint (without options) 1700 x 1270 mm Weight 1400 kg

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2019, MAZAK QUICK TURN 350MB 1250U Max. swing diameter: 830 mm Max. turning diameter: 420 mm Max. turning length: 1,250 mm Max. milling speed: 5,000 rpm Max. spindle speed: 3,300 rpm Machine is equipped with: - CNC control Mazatrol SmoothG - SMW three-jaw chuck KNCS 400, diameter 400 mm - Tool Eye - C-axis Fgedpfx Aey Igz Dsh Njc - NC tailstock - Reinforced coolant pump - Chip conveyor - 8 pcs. fixed tool holders - 2 pcs. driven tool holders

Condition: good (used), CMZ brand CNC lathe, TX66 Y2 Quattro model, year 2012, with powered tooling on both turrets, Y-axis... Fgsdpfx Ahszcu His Njc

Condition: not inspected (used), Year of construction: 2020, max. workpiece length 6360 mm profile spindle 1 Stück main drive 13 kW Control CNC SCM CNC Machining Center ACCORD 40 FX for windows and doors ----- INCLUDES extensive window and door tooling among others (window cutting available upon request!): Wooden windows IV 68, 78, 92 Wooden "style" windows Wood-aluminum windows Front doors Lift-and-slide doors Box windows Machine still in operation, available for viewing! Technical Summary (detailed description available upon request!): ----- - ??Working area X-Y = 6360 x 1905 Z = 350 - Automatic table with 8 support rails MATIC - L1825 - 5-axis spindle MAXI - Prisma T, HSK 63 E, 13 kW - RTCP Setting - Self-calibration system for Prisma work unit - Adjustable chip removal device on the electric spindle - Preparation for "Prisma T-S" angle gearbox - BRC - Working unit: Saw blade for face machining, 1 vertical milling cutter connection 3 vertical, independent drill heads, center distance 32 mm 3 vertical drill heads (not independent), center distance 21.5 mm, for mortise drilling 4 horizontal drill heads (2 per side, not independent), center distance 21.5 mm 2 horizontal milling heads (1 per (Page) - TRC 48 - Rear Tool Magazine 48 tool positions (excluding tool holders) Center-to-center distance between positions: 104 mm Max. tool diameter: 350 mm Max. tool length: 320 mm Max. weight per tool: 10 kg (15 kg with HSK 63 E spindle) Max. total weight on the magazine: 250 kg - MACH 5 - Quick-change system: Allows tool changes on the electric spindle in just a few seconds. - Pendulum operation - Automatic lubrication of the axes - eye-M operating console with integrated PC - Additional fixed control panel - TECPAD - Remote control of machine functions - Clamping jaw preparation H145 for worktable with 8 support rails - Front stop row H110 for worktable with 8 support rails - Rear stop row H110 for worktable with 8 support rails - Suction cup H110 145x145 mm - Swivel suction cup H110 145x55 mm - Swivel suction cup H110 180x65 mm - First side stop row H145 for worktable with 8 support rails Second side stop row H145 for worktable with 8 support rails Clamp H145 with round base Clamp H145 with square base N.6 Lifting devices with double stroke H145 Laser and reference stop H145 for sheet (left) - PRO-SPEED safety system - Maestro CNC - Machine operator interface and programming - Maestro ProView - Simulation software Tools are sold in the condition, scope, and with accessories as they are currently in stock. Note regarding window cutouts, tool drawings, and tool system listings: Engelfried GmbH does not guarantee that the tools actually available correspond to the systems listed and drawn. Fjdpfxjy Hl Iyo Ah Nsgc (Technical specifications according to the manufacturer - without guarantee!)

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), Year of construction: 2026, max. workpiece length 4400 mm profile spindle 1 Stück main drive 19,2 kW Control Beckhoff CNC machining center MASTERWOOD 4 WIN ----- Specially designed for a rational and flexible wooden window u. door production HIGHLIGHTS: - Different tool magazines for optimal tool loading - Simultaneous loading of 4 workpieces - Patented clamping system for optimal processing of the workpieces - CNC controlled work table with automatic positioning of beams and Stretcher - Automatic re-clamping for changing between external and internal profiling - INTEGRATED window construction software, i.e. the machine does not have to (but can of course) can be controlled from the office with external industry software. - strong motor with 19.2 kW HSK-63 E Please note that this stock machine is with us in Oberkochen and Fgjdpoyyqm Usfx Ah Nsc is already equipped with many useful options. Tools available at short notice on request! Request an offer and see for yourself unbeatable value for money! VIDEO of the machine on request! Below you will find the technical Description of the machine as a PDF document. We would be happy to sell your used machine to a pay a reasonable price! Suitable stationary or mobile suction on request! (see e.g. #5674 NESTRO NE 300) Suitable compressor on request! (#5997 Kaeser Aircenter SM 15) (technical information according to the manufacturer - without guarantee!)

Condition: not inspected (used), Year of construction: 2009, max. workpiece length 4500 mm profile spindle 1 Stück main drive 20 kW Control Siemens Weinig Conturex 2 C 114 ----- Working width: 40-260 mm Working height: 25-110 mm 2 x PowerGrip clamp tables, 2 x 2280 mm ----- Workpiece length 200 - 4,500 mm Workpieces over 2,700 mm in length are machined using a repositioning cycle. Main spindle 1: ----- Motor with brake 20 kW HSK 63F Electronically adjustable speed 2,000-18,000 rpm Fedpfx Ahjwunwyj Negc Maximum tool length from flat surface HSK 63 F: 290 mm With C-axis Tool magazine: ----- Number of pockets: 30 mm Pitch between pockets: 100 mm Permanently installed multi-spindle drilling head ----- For horizontal and vertical drilling and milling work without tool changes ----- Price ex-site Prices for disassembly and loading onto customer trucks Transport within Germany and abroad as well as reassembly Commissioning and, if required, new profiles are available upon request! Used tools included (drawings available upon request): ----- Wood: IV 68, 78, 88, opening inside and out, with hinged weatherboard Wood-aluminum: IV 68/68, 78/78, 87/68, 97/78 Lift-and-slide doors IV 68 and 78 Front doors IV 68 and 78 Pivot windows Corner connection: counter/dowel Technical specifications according to the manufacturer - no guarantee! Detailed technical description available upon request!

Condition: new, neu ca. 6 Monate ab Auftragse Taiwan 95950 € 1813.46 € 630 mm 2000 mm 85 mm 400 mm 350 mm D1-8 1/16 MK 3 37 - 2250 1/min 5000 mm/min 8000 mm/min 280 mm 75 mm 5 MK 190 mm 9 / 13.5kW (S1 / S6 40%) kW X: 0.02 Z: 0.04 mm X: 0.01 Z: 0.035 mm ISO3655 3840 mm 1905 mm 2235 mm 4200 kg DREI BETRIEBSARTEN: CNC / TEACH-IN / MANUELL CNC Steuerung Siemens 828D • 10,4-Zoll-Farbbildschirm • Lineare Interpolation • Kreisinterpolation • Helixinterpolation • Skip-Funktion • Werkstückkoordinatensystem • Drehung des Koordinatensystems • Gewindeschneiden ohne Ausgleichsfutter (rigid tapping) • Spiegelung, Skalierung und Drehung • Drehzyklus • ShopTurn-Software Große Spindelbohrung, mit Präzisionslagernfürhohe Genauigkeit und dauerhafte Schnittstabilität. Präzisionskugelumlaufspindel Ø 40 mm (Klasse C5) auf der Z-Achse und Kugelumlaufspindel Ø 25 mm (Klasse C3) auf der X-Achse. 2-Achsen AC Servomotoren Lünette 50-300 mm, Rollentyp. Manuelle Reitstockpinole, Durchmesser 75 mm (MK5), Verfahrweg 190 mm. Programmier- und Bedienungsanleitungen. Elektronisches Handrad für X- und Z-Achse Manueller 4-Stationen-Werkzeughalter (25 x 25 mm) Automatisches Schmiersystem Vollständig geschlossener Spritzschutz mit Schiebetür und Fenster Spänebehälter mit Kühlmitteltank Abnahmebericht LED-Arbeitsleuchte Kühlmittelsystem Vorbereitung für Ölkühlsystem Fgodpfxezcqx Us Ah Noc OPTIONEN (Preise auf Anfrage): Fagor Steuerung anstelle Siemens Manuelles oder hydraulisches Spannfutter 8fach Revolver, wahlweise mit angetriebenen Werkzeugen elektrisch drehbarer 4-fach Werkzeughalter Späneförderer Hochdruckkühlmittelpumpe weitere Optionen auf Anfrage ALTERNATIVE: Variante FCL-2540 mit 1000 mm Spitzenweite Variante FCL-2560 mit 1500 mm Spitzenweite

Condition: new, neu ca. 10 Wochen ab Auftrags Türkei 5100 € 98.43 € 315 mm 315x32x63 mm 45 / 90 U/Min rund 105 mm / quadratisch rund 90 mm / quadratisch Fgsdoynngaopfx Ah Nsc 4.7 kW 600 mm 1000 mm 1400 mm 200 kg Pneumatic vice Low-voltage start/stop switch in the handle 45-degree left and 45-degree right mitre cuts Split visc (clamps before and after the sawblade) Self-centering visc for optimal cutting position Large base frame for high stability Sawblade not included

Condition: new, neu ca. 10 Wochen ab Auftrags Türkei 4700 € 315 mm 315x32x63 mm 45 / 90 U/Min 45 ° 45 ° rund 105 mm / quadratisch rund 90 mm / quadratisch rund 90 mm / quadratisch 1,3 - 1,8 kW 600 mm 1000 mm 1400 mm 200 kg Manual vice Robust double joint pivot Low-voltage start/stop switch in the handle 45-degree left and 45-degree right mitre cuts Split vice (clamps before and after the sawblade) Sawblade not included Fodpfx Ahewmzfzs Nsgc

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, neu 2025 060103 prompt, Zwischenverkauf v Türkei 8500 € 121.59 € 1 6300 € 350 mm 350x32x63 mm 45 / 80 U/Min Fgsdpfewmf Uajx Ah Nec 45 ° 45 ° rund 115 mm / quadratisch rund 110 mm / quadratisch rund 110 mm / quadratisch 5.85 kW 1100 mm 1000 mm 1400 mm 300 kg Semi-automatic circular saw designed High production rates, ideal for small and mid production Heavy duty gearbox Cast iron structure Foot switch actuation Hydro-pneumatic operation of saw head smoothes descent for optimum cut Pneumatic vice 2 cutting speeds Adjustable head stroke according to the dimensions of the material which has to be cut Piece counter 45° right to 45° left cutting saw blade not included OPTION: saw blade Dm. 350 mm € 180,00

Condition: new, max. workpiece length 5150 mm profile spindle 1 Stück main drive 16 kW Control Beckhoff CNC Number of axles 5 St. CNC machining center Masterwood Project 385 WL, NEUMASCHINE The all-rounder for Windows, round arches and doors interior Post and beam 5-axis machining of all kinds Detailed description in the adjacent PDF file! HIGHLIGHTS: - Working range: X = 5150 mm; Y = 1500 mm; Z = 200 mm - 1 pc. 5-axis high-performance spindle, 16 kW, double bearing with HSK 63 F recording - fixed drill head with 19 spindles with 7 individually retrievable vertical spindles X-direction with 6 individually retrievable vertical spindles Y-direction with 2 double horizontal spindles X-direction and 1 double horizontal boring spindle in the Y direction Saw unit integrated in drill head - Carousel tool changer with 22 places and 102 mm grid spacing - Carousel tool changer with 16 places and 102 mm grid spacing - linear 4-fold tool magazine - Special clamps for straight window and door parts - special clamps for round window and door elements - 24 pcs. Vacuum clamps for internal installation - Vacuum pump - Chip conveyor belt - extensive design software for interior design, panel processing as well as f. Windows and doors: Masterwork: 2D-Wop for standard application panel processing / interior fitting with Additional function Lamello connection Master 3D Level 2: for more complex edits, optionally also expandable for 5-axis fully interpolating MasterWindow: Integrated window and door design software i.e. Machine does not have to (but of course) with external industry software be controlled. Fgodpfjd Ih Htex Ah Nsc VIDEO shows production of 4 sash parts in one clamping Complete machining including glazing bead production. Corner joint hybrid. Of course, all common corner joints on the machine producible. OTHER OPTIONS ON REQUEST! We are also happy to offer you suitable tools for the machine. (ording to the manufacturer - without guarantee!)

Condition: new, max. workpiece length 3200/5100 mm profile spindle 1 Stück main drive 12 kW Control Beckhoff CNC Fgsdped Rhd Rofx Ah Noc Number of axles 5 St.

Condition: new, max. workpiece length 3200,5100 mm profile spindle 1 Stück main drive 12 kW Control Beckhoff CNC Number of axles 5 St. Masterwood Project 385 CNC-Bearbeitungszentrum ----- 5-Achs CNC-Bearbeitungszentrum in Portalbauweise zum Einsatz für Rundbogenfenster, Türen, Pfosten-Riegel, Innenausbau, Treppen Kurze Zusammenfassung: ----- Arbeitsbereich: X = 3200 mm (Optional 5100 mm) ; Y = 1500 mm; Z = 200 mm 1 Stk. 5-Achs-Hochleistungsspindel, 12 kW, mit HSK 63 F Aufnahme 1 Stk. fest installierter Bohrkopf mit 19 Spindeln mit 7 einzeln abrufbaren Vertikalbohrspindeln X-Richtung mit 6 einzeln abrufbaren Vertikalbohrspindeln Y-Richtung mit 2 doppelten Horizontalbohrspindeln X-Richtung Fedpfx Ahod N Rt Ts Nsgc und 1 doppelte Horizontalbohrspindel in Y-Richtung Sägeaggregat in Bohrkopf integriert 27 Werkzeugwechselplätze: Karussellwerkzeugwechsler mit 22 Plätzen und 102 mm Rasterabstand lineares 5-fach Werkzeugmagazin für große WKZ-Durchmesser Konsolentisch mit 6 Traversen Werkstückanhebevorrichtung 6 Stk. spezielle Spanner für runde Fenster- und Türenelemente 24 Stk. Vakuummspanner für Platten und Innenausbau 1 Stk. Vakuumpumpe 100m3/h 1 Stk. Spänetransportband 1 Stk. Fernbedienung Konstruktions-Software Masterwork: 2D-Wop für Standardanwendung Plattenbearbeitung/Innenausbau, Rundbogen, Türen Master 3D Stufe 2: für komplexere Bearbeitungen, optional auch erweiterbar für 5-Achs voll interpolierend Fracht und Montage innerhalb Deutschland Technik und Dienstleistungen gemäß beiliegender ausführliche Beschreibung ----- Gesamtpreis in dieser Ausführung: auf Anfrage! ----- Optionen mit Mehrpreisen: ----- Arbeitslänge 5.100 mm anstelle 3.200 mm inklusive Erhöhung Konsolenanzahl und Spannmittel Mehrpreis: 7.500,00 Euro zzgl. MwSt. Zusätzlicher Karussellwerkzeugwechsler mit 16 Plätzen und 102 mm Rasterabstand Mehrpreis: 6.500,00 Euro zzgl. MwSt. Ausführliche Beschreibung siehe PDF anbei. Mehr Optionen auf Anfrage! (technische Angaben laut Hersteller- ohne Gewähr!)

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2004, bore capacity in steel (diameter) 50 mm arm length 1.600 mm workpiece height max. 1.200 mm distance spindle/base plate 320 - 1.220 mm spindle taper MT 5 quill stroke 315 mm throat min. 350 mm throat max. 1.600 mm quill feed 0,04 - 3,20 mm/U drive capacity - spindle motor 4,0 kW spindle turning speed range 25 - 2.000 U/min column diameter 350 mm Fsdpfezcqyfex Ah Nogc voltage 400 V total power requirement 6,5 kW weight of the machine ca. 3,5 t dimensions of the machine ca. 2,45 x 1,00 x 2,65 m - Serial-No.: 4045935 - Clamping cube 630 x 500 x 500 mm - Coolant pump

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2000, max. turning diameter 580 mm turning length 1500 mm control OSP 7000 L greates pass round over bed 610 mm swing diameter over slide rest 580 mm turning speed range - main spindle 12 - 2.800 min/-1 spindle bearing diameter 150 mm spindle bore 110 mm spindle nose JIS A2-11 power capacity - main spindel 37 (30) kW C-Axis 0,001 ° x-axis 598 mm y-axis 230 mm z-axis 1.660 mm rapid traverse X / Y: 12.000 mm/min rapid traverse Z: 20.000 mm/min rapid traverse C: 100 min/-1 cutting feed speed X / Z / Y: 0,001 - 1.000 mm/U type H2 ATC number of toolpositions 2 (1x L-Tool / 1x M-Tool) pos. driven statition stufenlos / stepless Spindle speed - driven tool stations 40 - 3.000 min -1 tool shank height 25 mm Boring bar shank diameter 50 mm diameter of quill 120 mm quill stroke 170 mm taper of center MT 5 number of toolpositions 50 pos. tool taper MAS BT 50 max. tool diameter 170 mm max. tool length 350 mm max. tool weight 20 kg drive of magazin 3,2 kW total power requirement 53 kVA Fgsdpfx Ahezcqx Io Nsc weight of the machine ca. 18,5 t dimensions of the machine ca. 6,0 x 3,2 x 3,0 m CNC - Turning- and MillingCenter OKUMA - MacTurn 50

Condition: excellent (used), X-axis: 6,000 mm Y-axis: 1,500 mm Z-axis: 1,500 mm Max. workpiece size: 6,000 x 1,500 x 1,500 mm Spindle connection: SK50 Spindle speed: 4,000 rpm Control system: HEIDENHAIN TNC 426 Fgjdpfezcpwvjx Ah Nec Including documentation. Machine was overhauled in 2002, is in very good condition, and can be inspected while powered on.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2007, X-axis: 1,600 mm Y-axis: 800 mm Z-axis: 740 mm Max. workpiece size: 1,600 x 700 mm Max. table load: 1,200 kg Spindle speed: 12,000 rpm Tool holder: SK40 Tool changer: 24 positions Control system: HAAS Version M15 Includes 4th and 5th axes, ORIGINAL HAAS Fsdpfx Ahszcpple Nsgc Includes chip conveyor Includes documentation

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), Year of construction: 2025, functionality: fully functional, turning length: 520 mm, turning diameter over cross slide: 360 mm, turning diameter: 310 mm, spindle speed (min.): 60 rpm, spindle speed (max.): 4,200 rpm, spindle bore: 73 mm, travel distance X-axis: 210 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 610 mm, rapid traverse X-axis: 24 m/min, rapid traverse Z-axis: 24 m/min, total height: 1,880 mm, total length: 2,852 mm, chuck outer diameter: 210 mm, total width: 1,722 mm, collet bore: 73 mm, spindle nose: KK6, overall weight: 4,300 kg, Equipment: documentation/manual, rotational speed infinitely variable, The machine is new and has only been used for demonstrations up to now; it has not yet produced any chips. The machine is set up and operational, and can therefore be inspected. Additional options & accessories: - Preparation for a bar feeder. - Tool measuring arm. - Chip conveyor (available upon delivery, not currently included). - 10 bar high-pressure coolant pump. Fedpozcplyefx Ah Nogc - Rohm KFD-HE 210/3-KK6 3-jaw chuck. - Approx. 9 VDI-30 tool holders (7 static, 2 powered).

Year of construction: 2017, condition: ready for operation (used), travel distance X-axis: 5,000 mm, controller manufacturer: SIEMENS, controller model: SINUMERIC TOUCH DITTLE control, overall weight: 40,000 kg, spindle motor power: 31,000 W, spindle speed (max.): 2,000 rpm, number of axes: 4, This 4-axis WALDRICH KLEINKNECHT WS III C 6.00 X 5000 CNC was manufactured in 2017. It features a maximum grinding length of 5,000 mm and a roll diameter capacity of approximately 600 mm. The machine is equipped with a modern CNC control system and includes essential safety equipment. If you are looking to get high-quality grinding capabilities, consider the WALDRICH KLEINKNECHT WS III C 6.00 X 5000 CNC cylindrical grinding machine we have for sale. Contact us for further details. Fedpfszcnikjx Ah Nogc - Maximum Workpiece Length: 5,450 mm- Maximum Grinding Diameter: 1,100 mm- Center Height: 750 mm- Maximum Workpiece Weight: 6,500 kg- Main Motor Power: 22 kW- Grinding Spindle: Siemens, 31 kW- Control System: Siemens Sinumerik Touch with Dittel balancing/monitoring control- Measuring System: WMG model WMG 9900 integrated 2-point online roll measuring system (range 200–1,000 mm)- Safety Equipment: Perimeter industrial safety fencing (yellow/black posts and mesh panels) surrounding the operational zone- Workpiece Support: Hydrostatic/journal steady rests included- Cooling/Extraction: Dedicated dust and oil mist extraction filtration unit connected via flexible ducting directly above the grinding head- Auxiliary Equipment: Separate hydraulic power unit, floor-mounted electrical control cabinets with active cooling units, and high-flex cable carrier tracks (drag chains) along the axis travel path

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2003, Max. saw blade diameter: up to 300 mm Fodpfey E Ullsx Ah Negc Machine head can be swivelled: 45°-90°-45°-30° Cutting diameter at 90°: 100 mm Square tube: 85 x 85 mm Hollow flat profiles: 130 x 85 mm Speed range: 40 / 80 rpm Drive power: 1.0 / 1.2 kW Machine dimensions L x W x H: 650 x 600 x 1650 mm Weight: 185 kg Accessories / Special features: • Vertical guidance of the saw head • Miter device, continuously adjustable 45°-90°-45°-30° • Roller conveyors R + L, length 1.5 m each, stop on the right side can be folded down • Manual feed • Coolant system • 1 piece saw blade • CE compliant This very good VMS 300 comes from a training workshop. Siegfried Volz Werkzeugmaschinen Rüschebrinkstr. 151-153 DE - 44143 Dortmund - Wambel / Germany

Condition: ready for operation (used), CNC lathe, Haas TL-2HE, year 2008... Fgsdpex Nr D Hsfx Ah Nec

Condition: used, machine/vehicle number: 008608, X axis working area: 2500 mm Y axis working area: 1300 mm Fgedpfxozcmn Ss Ah Nsc Main Electrospindle power: 6 KW Number of controlled axes: 3 axes Total number of drilling spindles: 84

Condition: used, machine/vehicle number: 008527, X axis working area: 6000 mm Y axis working area: 1400 mm Working Table: Pod and Rail Main Electrospindle power: 15 KW Number of controlled axes: 5 axes Maximum edge height: 65 mm Total number of drilling spindles: 21 Total number of tool changer positions: 77 Fjdpey Nx Ufjfx Ah Nogc

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 1996, CNC turning machine, manufactured by INDEX, model ABC 52, with loading magazine LM 3200, year of manufacture 1996. Control system: INDEX/SIEMENS. Fodpfozcmdysx Ah Nsgc Chip conveyor. Further details can be found in the data sheets. Machine documentation and data backup are available.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2008, Clamping force: 1000 kN (100 tons) Fsdpfx Ajzclc Ioh Nsgc Bending length: 2050 mm Stroke: 215 mm Opening height: 500 mm Throat depth: 400 mm Distance between columns: 1700 mm Rear stop: X, R, Z axes Accuracy of the Y-axis: ±0.004 mm Motor power: 7.5 kW Weight: 7400 kg Year of manufacture: 2008