Used Holzkraft Holzkraft Sc 2C Sliding Table Saw - Exhibition Machine - for sale (77,546)

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), Year of construction: 2025, functionality: fully functional, 5.5 kW (7.5 HP), 3 spindle speeds 15″ touchscreen (19:6) Motorized height and tilt adjustment Double roller carriage 3,200 mm Tilting range 0 – 46° Max. cutting height 154 mm Main saw blade D = 300 – 450 mm Ksdpoyw Rz Hefx Akxjdk Large safety hood Scoring unit with LED lighting Parallel fence DIGIT X, cutting width 1,410 mm Angle-mitre fence 3,450 mm, without length compensation

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2013, I sell the format sliding table saw with scoring Manufacutrer: FELDER Model: K975 Year 2013 Cutting length 3200mm. Cutting width 1350mm Cutting height 130mm (at saw blade 400mm) Saw blade and scoring tilting 0-45° digital Saw blade and scoring height adjustment digital Parallel fence manual adjustable. Turn on the main saw blade and scoring unit from control panel Turn on the main saw blade and scoring unit from aluminium sliding table Main motor format sliding table saw 5,5KW (7,5 HP) (3500/4500/5500 rpm adjustable) Scoring motor format sliding table saw Kdodpett Nq Defx Akxok Tools, Optionals, and equipment on photos included in price. Very good condition. Available immediately.

Condition: new, Bernardo Panel Saw Classic 3200 C The Classic 3200 C panel saw with tilting saw blade meets all the requirements of modern workshops and is the ideal machine for cost-conscious small and medium-sized enterprises. Both the robust design and the generous dimensions of the machine ensure optimal working conditions for cutting solid timber or large panels; even decorative panels can be processed effortlessly using the standard scorer unit. Features • Aluminum sliding table with hardened guide rails • Standard table extension and table widening for handling larger panels • Stable outrigger table allows processing of large and heavy sheets without additional assistance • Powerful drive motor ensures optimal cutting performance even during extended operations • User-friendly degree scale directly readable from the handwheel • Scoring unit with independent drive included as standard • Extendable telescopic fence (up to 3100 mm), mountable on the outrigger table front and back • Rigid saw unit guarantees vibration-free and precise operation • Machine body constructed from torsion-resistant steel and cast iron combination • Hinged rip fence with robust 40 mm round bar guide Technical Specifications Table size: 935 x 620 mm Sliding table: 3200 x 370 mm Crosscut length: 3200 mm Max. saw blade diameter: 315 x 30 mm Max. cutting height 90° / 45°: 90 / 65 mm Cutting width at rip fence: 1295 mm Table height: 850 mm Table extension: 600 x 615 mm Table widening: 900 x 600 mm Outrigger table with roller: 1210 x 860 mm Main saw blade speed: 4000 / 6000 rpm Scoring saw blade speed: 8000 rpm Kedpfx Aoywxrgokxedk Scoring saw blade: 120 x 20 mm Extraction port diameter: 100 mm Motor output S1 100%: 4.0 kW (5.5 HP) Motor input S6 40%: 5.5 kW (7.5 HP) Scoring motor power: 0.75 kW Voltage: 400 V Machine dimensions (W x D x H): 3445 x 3560 x 1570 mm Weight: approx. 710 kg Scope of Delivery • Saw blade guard with infeed roller • Mitre fence • Crosscut shoe • Table widening • Extendable telescopic fence • Longitudinal fence stops • Outrigger table with roller • Push stick • Scoring unit with independent motor • Operating tools

Condition: used, Tilting Blade Circular Saw (for precise angled cuts) Sliding table: 3800 mm Electric adjustment for blade lifting and tilting Cutting capacity Cutting width between blade and parallel guide: 1250 mm Cutting height with Ø 450 mm blade (90°): 155 mm Cutting height with Ø 450 mm blade at 45°: 115 mm Blade tilt: 0° – 45° Main blade Max blade diameter: Ø 450 mm Blade shaft diameter: 30 mm Rotation speed: 3200 / 4000 / 6000 rpm Main motor power: 5.5 kW (7.5 HP) Dust extraction Extraction outlet: Ø 120 mm Scoring unit Scoring blade diameter: Ø 125 mm Scoring shaft diameter: 20 mm Kedeywt Agepfx Akxedk Rotation speed: 8000 rpm Scoring motor power: 0.5 kW (0.75 HP)

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2008, power: 5.5 kW (7.48 HP), type of input current: three-phase, cutting height (max.): 104 mm, Equipment: CE marking, documentation/manual, saw blade guard, scorer, I am selling a high-quality Felder panel saw, model K700, from 2008. The machine is in good, well-maintained condition and is fully functional. Ideal for joinery workshops, carpenters, or ambitious woodworkers. Technical data: + Manufacturer: Felder + Model: K700 + Year of manufacture: 2008 + Motor power: 5.5 kW + Voltage: 400 V (three-phase) + Saw blade diameter: up to approx. 315 mm + Cutting height: approx. 100 mm at 90° + Cutting height at 45°: approx. 70 mm + Main saw blade speed: approx. 4,000–5,000 rpm + Sliding table length: approx. 2,600 mm + Ripping length: according to sliding table + Rip fence: finely adjustable with scale + Mitre fence: with fence rail + Extraction port: available (top and bottom) Features: + Smooth-running, precise aluminium sliding table + Sturdy cast iron table + Scoring unit (belt missing / never used) + Height and tilt adjustable saw blade (0–45°) + Safety guard with extraction + Precise cutting through stable fences + Low-maintenance and durable Kdsdpfjywlkisx Akxek Other information: Inspection and test run available by appointment. Shipping by freight carrier possible. Loading assistance can be provided. Price: €4,950 If interested, please get in touch! 03904/40286

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, The CORMAK MJ45-KB4 sliding table saw is an industrial panel saw with a scoring unit, designed for precise cutting of furniture boards, plywood, and other wood-based materials. The 2600 mm sliding table and robust construction ensure repeatability and high cutting quality. Key advantages of the machine Scoring unit with a separate motor – eliminates chipping on laminates and veneers. Aluminum sliding carriage running on hardened steel guide bars – ensures rigidity and smooth feed. 2600 mm sliding table – reliable handling of large and heavy panels. Main motor 5.5 kW – consistent cutting quality in continuous operation. Tilt range 0–45° – flexibility when cutting angled components. Extendable telescopic fence up to 3100 mm – fast and repeatable settings. Rotational speeds 4000/6000 rpm (main blade) and 8000 rpm (scoring blade) – optimal adjustment to material type. Cast iron body – vibration damping and cutting system stability. Construction and technology The design is based on a torsion-resistant cast iron body, which stabilizes the saw unit and minimizes vibrations. The aluminum carriage moves on hardened rods, ensuring long-term precision. The outrigger table facilitates handling large panels without additional support. Adjustment mechanisms with clear readouts (including angle indication on the handwheel) allow for quick and precise setup. Precision and performance The MJ45-KB4 sliding table saw ensures clean edges thanks to the 125 × 20 mm scoring blade and stable guide geometry. The cutting height range up to 90 mm at 90° and 56 mm at 45° allows processing of a wide range of formats and thicknesses. Two main blade speeds enable parameter adjustment to the material type, maintaining dimensional repeatability and reducing the need for rework. Applications The machine is dedicated to workshops and production facilities seeking a stable panel saw with a scoring unit for serial cutting of furniture and structural elements. It meets the requirements of plants where quality, dimensional accuracy, and reliability in multi-shift operation are essential. Standard equipment Scoring unit with separate drive 2600 mm sliding table on guide bars Dial indicator for blade tilt Telescopic fence up to 3100 mm (front/rear mounting on support table) User manual in Polish CE declaration of conformity Optional equipment Set of saw blades for wood and laminate Dust extraction systems Kdsdpfx Ajywkc Dokxjk Panel transport trolley Technical specifications Sliding table length: 2600 mm Cutting width: 1250 mm Saw tilt: 0–45° Cutting height at 90°: 90 mm Cutting height at 45°: 56 mm Max main blade diameter: 315 mm Max scoring blade diameter: 125 mm Main blade speed: 4000 / 6000 rpm Scoring blade speed: 8000 rpm Main motor power (continuous S1/S6): 5.5 kW Scoring motor power (continuous S1/S6): 0.75 kW Weight: 650 kg

Condition: good (used), Code: 0322 Brand: SCM Model: L'INVINCIBILE SI 3 - CE Standard Electronic panel saw with controlled axis, tilting blade and scoring unit, for furniture, panels, custom-made furnishings, doors, wooden window frames, kitchens, bathroom furniture, plastics, composite materials and various - CE Standard - Year 2017 Technical data: Carriage made entirely of aluminium with contact sliding system on hardened and ground steel guides Kedpfxoytufgs Akxedk Electronic control EASY TOUCH 12: 12-inch flat colour screen - Direct management of the following working axis using manual, manual incremental, semi-automatic and automatic methods: main blade lifting, blade unit tilting, parallel guide movement, scoring blade lifting and translation. Operator assistance with graphics support. Tool database Operator assistance function on electronic control Adjustable wall-mounted control panel Scoring unit with independent motorisation Squaring carriage length 3800 mm Main blade diameter 400 mm Scoring blade diameter 120 mm Blade tilt 0-45 degrees Max cutting height at 90 degrees 140 mm Max cutting height at 45 degrees 97 mm Blade rotation speed rpm 3000/4000/5000 Scoring rotation speed rpm 8500 Main blade motor power Hp 9,5 Scoring blade motor power Hp 1,7 Cutting width at parallel guide 1500 mm Parallel guide programmed with THK sliding Electronic adjustment of the scoring unit Squaring frame with ‘COMPEX’ device for angled cuts with automatic compensation of the stop position. Start/stop buttons integrated into the carriage Eccentric workpiece clamping arm Extension to the work surface Squaring guide with 3 LCD readers for stop positions Full support and Wireless: adjustable frame for angled cuts complete with wireless function Suction mouth diameter: at the base 120 mm - at the suspended guard 100 mm Overall dimensions of assembled machine mm 4200 x 4300 x 1800 h Overall dimensions for transport mm 4200 x 2350 x 1800 h + Pallet mm 1600 x 1000 x 800 h Weight kg 1140

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2019, For sale is a used Format4 Kappa 550 panel saw with a cutting length of 2800 mm. The machine has been refurbished by our service team and is fully operational. Technical data: - Cutting length: 2800 mm - Cutting width: 1000 mm - Cutting height: 202 mm - Max. saw blade diameter: 550 mm - X-motion control - Mitre guide with length compensation - Suction port diameter: 120 mm - Motor power: 7.35 kW / 10 HP Kdjdpfx Akeytrq Hexek - Year of manufacture: 2019 The machine is located in A-5431 Kuchl and can be inspected at any time during our business hours. Subject to prior sale! Related terms: saw, circular saw, panel saw, format saw Reference: R-J04DD

Condition: new, VSA 2048 L Holzkraft Feeder - Exhibition Machine - - Number of feed rollers: 4 - Feed speed: 2 - 33 m/min - Speed levels: 2 / 4 / 5.5 / 6.5 / 11 / 13 / 16.5 / 33 m/min - Maximum projection: 1050 mm - Roller diameter: 120 mm Kdodpfxowfhg No Akxok - Roller width: 60 mm - Roller spring travel: 20 mm Dimensions and weights: - Length (product) approx.: 1665 mm - Width/depth (product) approx.: 220 mm - Height (product) approx.: 540 mm - Net weight approx.: 73.5 kg - Explanation of net weight approx.: including stand Electrical data: - Drive motor power: 0.75 kW - Supply voltage: 400 V - Mains frequency: 50 Hz - New exhibition machine -

Condition: new, Edge sanding machine HOLZKRAFT KSO 200 F - Exhibition machine - Kedpfx Aju R S Erskxjdk Relief rollers on the fence rulers, with swiveling sanding unit, and oscillating sanding belt, Veneer sanding device, Oscillation with separate motor, height-adjustable sanding table, extendable roller table extension, rubberized sanding drum ----- Technical data ----- Sanding belt dimensions: 3,000 x 200 mm, Work table dimensions: 960 x 350 mm, Work table height adjustment: 230 mm, Sanding surface: 1,050 x 300 mm, Belt speed: 20 m/sec, Oscillation stroke: 20 mm, Suction nozzle Ø: 140 mm, Motor 400 V: 4.0 HP / 3.0 kW, Dimensions (LxWxH): 1,900 x 900 x 1,350 mm, Weight: 290 kg - new exhibition machine -

Condition: new, Jointer and thickness planer HOLZKRAFT fs 30c TERSA - Exhibition machine - Table opening to the rear, TERSA planer shaft, helical toothed infeed roller ----- Technical data ----- Planing width: 300 mm, Thicknessing table dimensions: 565 x 300 mm, Kodpfx Akou R Sz Texodk table length: 1,510 mm, max. chip removal: 4 mm, planer shaft Ø: 72 mm, Number of knives: 3 pieces, clearance height: 230 mm, min. Workpiece thickness: 3 mm, feed speed: 7 m/min, Speed: 5,200 rpm, Extraction nozzle Ø: 2 x 120 mm, Motor power 400 V: 5.5 HP / 4 kW, weight: 270 kg - new exhibition machine -

Condition: new, Jointer and thickness planer HOLZKRAFT fs 41es TERSA Kdodpfx Aju R S Awskxok - Exhibition machine - ----- Technical data ----- Planing width: 410 mm, Thicknessing table dimensions: 775 x 410 mm, table length: 2,200 mm, max. chip removal: 5 mm, planer shaft Ø: 95 mm, Number of knives: 4 pieces, Passage height: 240 mm, min. Workpiece thickness: 3 mm, feed speed: 6 / 12 m/min, Speed: 5,000 rpm, Extraction nozzle Ø: 120 mm, Motor power 400 V: 6.6 HP / 5.0 kW kW, weight: 450 kg - Special offer price - - new exhibition machine -

Condition: new, Jointer and thickness planer HOLZKRAFT fs 52es digital TERSA - Exhibition machine - TERSA planer shaft, electric height adjustment, Digital display for planer thickness ----- Technical data ----- Planing width: 520 mm, Thicknessing table dimensions: 850 x 520 mm, table length: 2,250 mm, max. chip removal: 5 mm, planer shaft Ø: 120 mm, Number of knives: 4 pieces, Passage height: 240 mm, min. Workpiece thickness: 3 mm, feed speed: 5 / 8 / 12 / 18 m/min, Kdsdpfxou R Szto Akxsk Speed: 5,000 rpm, Extraction nozzle Ø: 120 mm, Motor power 400 V: 9.5 HP / 7.0 kW, weight: 695 kg - new exhibition machine -

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1992, Carriage length: 2800 mm Cutting width at rip fence: 1250 mm Cutting width at crosscut fence: 2800 mm Cutting depth: 145 mm Scorer: no Kedpfx Aksyrlziexedk Saw blade height adjustment: manual / hydraulic Saw blade tilt adjustment: manual / hydraulic Rip fence adjustment: manual Saw blade angle display: scale Cutting height display: - Rip fence display: scale Crosscut scale display: scale Saw blade diameter: Speeds: 4 Motor power: 5.5 kW Motor brake: yes Extraction connection: 80 mm and 120 mm Machine length: 3000 mm Machine width: 1700 mm Weight: 1000 kg

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1997, machine/vehicle number: 5257, functionality: fully functional, power: 5.5 kW (7.48 HP), input voltage: 400 V, input current: 12 A, input frequency: 50 Hz, type of input current: AC, cutting height (max.): 155 mm, cutting width (max.): 1,250 mm, saw blade diameter: 450 mm, tilt adjustment saw blade: 46 °, height adjustment type: hydraulic, actuation type: electric, total length: 6,750 mm, total width: 3,500 mm, total height: 1,900 mm, Equipment: CE marking, For sale: a high-quality Panhans panel saw type 690A with tilting table – a robust and precise machine designed for professional use in carpentry and woodworking shops. This saw impresses with its solid construction, smooth operation, and accurate cutting results. The tilting table enables precise angle cuts and significantly expands its range of applications. Ideal for panel sizing, board processing, as well as demanding solid wood projects. Kdedpfxsyvk Tyo Akxsk The machine is in working condition and has been regularly maintained. As expected from Panhans: durable quality, reliable technology, and easy handling. Equipment: – Sliding table – Tilting saw blade for angled cuts – Sturdy rip fence – Powerful motor Perfectly suited for companies that value precision and reliability. Viewing by appointment possible.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2023, functionality: fully functional, tilt adjustment saw blade: 46 °, height adjustment type: electric, table height: 910 mm, We are offering this as-new Altendorf F45 Evo Drive panel saw, year of manufacture 2023. ALTENDORF F45 EvoDrive Panel Saw – 2023 Model – Excellent Condition Precise and immediately ready for use Year of manufacture: 2023, equipped with modern control technology and high-quality standard configuration. The machine has been carefully used, is in very good condition, and offers maximum precision for professional applications in joinery, furniture, and interior construction. Equipment & Technical Data Carriage length: 3000 mm Cutting length: 2905 mm Working height: 910 mm Main saw blade swivel range: 0°–46° Serial no.: 23-02-12-050 Highlights of the base machine: Double roller carriage (standard) with 3000 mm carriage length Electromotive height and swivel adjustment 0°–46° Automatic cutting height correction when swiveling Eye-level, swiveling control panel Large 7" touch display with separate keypad Precise input for height, tilt, and diagonal measurements Digital display for height and tilt angle Simple axis calibration Condition The machine is in excellent technical and visual condition, is fully functional, and ready for immediate use in production. Payment & Collection Payment: Bank transfer prior to collection Collection: Handover after full payment Inspection: Possible before collection Transport / Loading: By the buyer (assistance on site available) Available from: June 2026 Kdsdpfx Akjyu Ufvoxjk If you have any questions or require further information, please send us a message or give us a call.

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), Year of construction: 2025, Carriage length: 2500 mm Cutting width at the width stop: 1000 mm Cutting width at the crosscut stop: 3000 mm Cutting depth: 125 mm Scoring cutter: yes Sawblade height and tilt adjustment: handwheel Width stop adjustment: manual Sawblade angle indicator: scale Cutting height indicator: scale Width stop indicator: scale Crosscut ruler indicator: scale Sawblade diameter: 400 mm Speed: 4000 rpm Motor power / saw: 4.4 kW Motor brake: yes / automatic Mill arbor pivoting: yes 0 - 45° Mill arbor height and tilt adjustment: handwheel Mill arbor height and tilt indicator: scale Mill arbor: 30 mm Mill arbor speed: 3000 / 6000 / 7500 / 10000 rpm Max. tool diameter: 180 mm Kdsdewhuuxepfx Akxjk Motor power / milling cutter: 4.4 kW Extraction connection: 100 mm, 100 mm, 80 mm Machine length: 2500 mm Machine width: 1500 mm Weight: 800 kg

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), Year of construction: 2025, Carriage length: 2500 mm Cutting width at the width stop: 1200 mm Cutting width at the cross-cut fence: 2500 mm Cutting depth: 100 mm Kdedpfxstpivkj Akxok Scorer: yes Height and tilt adjustment of saw blade: handwheel Width stop adjustment: manual Saw blade angle display: Scale Cutting height display: Scale Width stop display: Scala Cutting ruler display: Scala Saw blade diameter: 300mm Speeds: 4000 rpm Motor power / saw: 4.4 kW Motor brake: yes / automatic Tiltable cutter arbor: yes 0 - 45° Milling arbor height and tilt adjustment: handwheel Milling arbor height and tilt indicator: Scale Milling arbor: 30mm Milling arbor speed: 3000 / 6000 / 7500 / 10000 rpm Max. Tool diameter: 180 mm Motor power / cutter: 4.4kW Suction connection: 100 mm, 100 mm, 80 mm Machine length: 2500mm Machine width: 1500mm weight: 530kg

Condition: not inspected (used), Year of construction: 2008, functionality: unexamined, main saw diameter: 315 mm, tool diameter: 315 mm, Equipment: CE marking, scorer, TECHNICAL DETAILS Main saw blade diameter: 315 mm Maximum tool diameter: 315 mm MACHINE DETAILS Circular saw blade units: 1 Connected load: 4 kW EQUIPMENT Scoring unit Tilting function CE marking The machine is sold and delivered in its actual and legal condition ("as seen and approved") based on photographic documentation and technical/commercial descriptive documents. The buyer is entitled to inspect the goods prior to collection and assumes responsibility for installation, securing, and use of the machine at the destination. External reference: 8118 Kjdjyqyc Espfx Akxjdk

Year of construction: 2025, condition: new, New machine Year of manufacture: 2025 Features and technical data: L'invincibile SI X - PANEL SAW WITH DOUBLE BLADE TILTING 931201 Frequency: 50 Hz 570348 Scoring unit with independent motorization 570351 LED lighting in the scorer area 530130 "Full Support & Wireless" 570353 Extension with roller track on the rip fence side 080999 Ex works R01264 L'invincibile SI X CE version 083202 Base 109993 MACHINE LANGUAGE: German 930731 Voltage: 400V EU 080685 Additional packaging 109999 Standard safety regulations Article number: SI X Kjdex Enrxspfx Akxsdk Variant: R021401 Availability: upon request Location: Flörsheim

Year of construction: 2023, condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, overall weight: 850 kg, rotational speed (max.): 5,000 rpm, table length: 3,100 mm, table width: 360 mm, machine/vehicle number: KK00034979, No reserve price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! Placing a bid obligates you to collect the item on time, either between 11.05.2026 and 13.05.2026 or between 18.05.2026 and 21.05.2026! TECHNICAL DETAILS Table dimensions: 3,100 x 360 mm Speed range: 3,500 and 5,000 rpm MACHINE DETAILS Voltage: 400 V Frequency: 50 Hz Kjdpfxjynhkxo Akxjdk Dimensions & Weight Dimensions (L x W x H): 4,000 x 4,000 x 1,700 mm Weight: 850 kg EQUIPMENT Digital measuring device up to 2,000 mm Extraction unit Note: The saw can be transported on a standard truck External reference: Groven - Lot 23

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1998, machine/vehicle number: 98-11-85, functionality: fully functional, power: 5.5 kW (7.48 HP), input voltage: 400 V, input current: 13 A, input frequency: 50 Hz, type of input current: AC, cutting height (max.): 100 mm, cutting width (max.): 1,300 mm, saw blade diameter: 350 mm, tilt adjustment saw blade: 46 °, height adjustment type: electric, saw blade bore: 30 mm, rotational speed (max.): 5,500 rpm, rotational speed (min.): 3,500 rpm, total length: 3,200 mm, total width: 1,800 mm, total height: 1,850 mm, overall weight: 1,150 kg, table height: 920 mm, Equipment: CE marking, documentation/manual, scorer, - Year of manufacture: 1998 - 2 servo scoring axes with Rapido - Sliding carriage: 3,000 mm - Main motor: 5.5 kW - Maximum saw blade height: 100 mm - Servo parallel fence: 1300 mm - Electronic height adjustment - Electrically tiltable up to 45 degrees Kedpfsyt Saujx Akxjdk - CE-certified machine - Test run possible - Delivery possible - Company sale – with invoice

Condition: excellent (used), Panel saw 320cm Si5 Ksdpfx Aoyt Ih Uokxodk Sliding table 320cm, Saw unit tilting 0–45 degrees Tilt and blade height adjustment are motorised, Rip fence on the right, motorised adjustment up to 1500mm, 2-axis scorer, electrically adjustable, 7kW motor, 3 spindle speeds Max. blade diameter 550mm, Angled sliding table with electronic displays Used machine, very good condition, Few hours of operation, Main saw has operated for 732 hours.

Condition: used, Altendorf C45 Panel Saw with Sliding Table Scoring unit 0.75 kW, electrically adjustable up/down Sliding table 320 cm Max cutting width at rip fence on the right side: 130 cm Kodpfx Akeyt Ibboxjdk Tilting 0-45°, manually adjustable Saw blade height adjustable manually Motor power 4 kW Max saw blade diameter 315 mm Duplex angle fence included The machine has been inspected, still holds accuracy and angles, and is fully functional

Condition: used, Panel saw Holzmann FKS 315VFN - 3200 Sliding table 320 cm, Manual blade height and tilt adjustment, Main motor 5.5 kW, Scoring unit with separate motor, 2 cutting speeds, Kdodpfx Akoyt Hr Esxjk Max blade diameter 315 mm, Scoring blade/arbore hole diameter: 120 / 20 mm, Max cutting width at right rip fence: 1320 mm, Machine operational, ready for testing,