Used Schunk Pgn100-Plus Hub2 2-Finger Parallelgreifer 371 152 - ! - for sale (79,256)

Condition: ready for operation (used), Adept Technology 10337-15200 Servo Amplifier Control Robot Board, serial number as per photo, used, normal signs of use, 100% functional, scope of delivery as per photos Iaodpfx Aoi D Tt Eebuor

Condition: used, 2-axis linear guide with linear motors - Slide arm pick and place with linear guides for automation Loading unit such as Scara robot, manipulator, handling device, handling system, placement gripper, loading gripper for automation Manufacturer SCHUNK - GEMOTEC - AFAG - LINMOT Type PS01-37x240-M + E1100-MT + T01-/72/420 + EPM 37-780 Year of construction approx. 2005 Horizontal axis with linear motor Gemotec type EPM 37-780 Actuator type: EPM 37x780-M Axis module: LinMot type E1100-MT-HC Horizontal movement: 780 mm Nominal force horizontal: 160 N Horizontal speed: 2.1 m/s Horizontal acceleration: 12.4 m/s² Repeat accuracy: +/- 0.05 mm Horizontal load capacity: max. 7000 g Horizontal guide column: Ø 20 mm Vertical axis with LinMot linear motor type PS01-37x240-M Actuator type: LM01-23x80/160 Axis module: LinMot type E1100-MT Vertical movement 160 mm Nominal vertical force: 44 N Max force vertical: 203 N Vertical speed: 2.2 m/s Vertical acceleration: 50.4 m/s² Repeat accuracy: +/- 0.05 mm Horizontal guide column: Ø 20 mm Power supply unit LinMot type T01-/72/420 (for motor supply) Input voltage: 3 x 400 V AC 50/60 Hz Output voltage: 72 V DC 420 Watt Base frame Support columns: 4 pieces Ø 55 mm Iaodpfx Abeu H R Iwjuer Support column height adjustment: 200 mm (manual height adjustment) Mounting foot: 2 x 175 x 90 mm Control voltage: 24 V DC - Can be moved in two axes - Mounting plate for tool holder 66 x 56 mm - Integrated path measurement - Axis modules with integrated positioning control - Festo pneumatic cylinder as holding brake on the vertical axis - Horizontal axis with 3 external fans - Axis modules configurable via LinMot MPC Configurator 3.2 software Space requirement L x W x H: 1120 x 720 x 740 mm Weight: approx. 65 kg Very good condition

Condition: used, mileage: 1,001 km, first registration: 01/2006, color: red, driver cabin: other, gearing type: other, Year of construction: 2006, Vehicle location: Bovenden, Body: grab 50 cm outside width, ACCESSORIES WITHOUT WARRANTY, subject to alterations, prior sale and errors excepted! Ijdei Rnpwepfx Abuoar - .

Condition: used, mileage: 1,001 km, color: grey, driver cabin: other, gearing type: other, Vehicle location: Bovenden, Body: grab 50 cm outside width, ACCESSORIES WITHOUT WARRANTY, subject to alterations, prior sale and errors excepted! - . Iajdsi Rp Sfspfx Abuer

Condition: used, mileage: 1,001 km, color: black, driver cabin: other, gearing type: other, Vehicle location: Bovenden, Body: grab 50 cm outside width, ACCESSORIES WITHOUT WARRANTY, subject to alterations, prior sale and errors excepted! Iaodoi Rpi Njpfx Abuor - .

Condition: not inspected (used), functionality: unexamined, machine/vehicle number: W4X133X02132, Year of construction: 2020, operating hours: 3,929 h, lifting height: 1,574 mm, mast type: duplex, construction height: 1,315 mm, fork length: 1,200 mm, Service due: 03/2027 1,200 kg Initial Lift Pallet Stacker High Lift Truck Ameise No reserve price - Guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! TECHNICAL DETAILS Load capacity: 1,200 kg Lift height: 1,574 mm Fork length: 1,200 mm Design: Stacker MACHINE DETAILS Operating hours: 3,929 h Mast type: Duplex Drive type: Electric Battery: 09/2020, 24 V, 4 PzS, 500 Ah, measured at 24.9 V (very good condition!) Dimensions & Weight Dimensions (L x W x H): 2,700 x 800 x 1,315 mm Weight: 1,500 kg EQUIPMENT Former Linde full-service unit Initial lift Can lift 2 pallets at once Ijdpsyzf Szefx Abujar Good ground clearance for uneven floors All dimensions are approximate. No liability is accepted for errors in writing or measurement. COLLECTION CONDITIONS Side loading up to 5 t possible with a large forklift on site at your own risk. Collection ONLY with email proof of payment! Collection WITHOUT appointment Monday to Friday 7:00–16:30. An excessively tall mast can be dismounted for transport upon request. If not collected within the specified time, a storage fee of €20 per machine per day will be charged (balance must be paid before collection).

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1992, Used machine Year of manufacture: 1992 Saw blade diameter: 290-300 mm Saw blade speed: 4750 rpm Motor power: 4.5/5.5 kW Iodpfx Aey Dkg Nobuoar Motor speed: 2880 rpm Max. cutting width: 5300 mm Max. cutting height: 2100 mm Max. panel height: 2200 mm Max. processing thickness: 80 mm Small parts support: Yes Transport dimensions approx. 7000 x 2000 x 2600 mm Weight approx. 1000 kg Availability: short-term Location: Röllbach

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2005, travel distance X-axis: 2,980 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 1,280 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 200 mm, number of axes: 3, total height: 2,680 mm, total width: 3,000 mm, overall weight: 3,295 kg, spindle motor power: 6,600 W, product length (max.): 6,970 mm, spindle speed (max.): 18,000 rpm, This 3-axis SCM TECH Z25 PLUS H-R4 was manufactured in 2005. It features a working area of 2500 x 1000 mm and a travel range of 2980 mm on the X-axis, 1280 mm on the Y-axis, and 200 mm on the Z-axis. The machine is equipped with 16 spindles operating at 4000 rpm and an electric spindle with a maximum speed of 18,000 rpm. If you are looking to get high-quality CNC processing capabilities, consider the SCM TECH Z25 PLUS H-R4 machine we have for sale. Contact us for further details. • Working area: 2500 x 1000 mm • Programmable speeds: X 25 m/min / Y 30 m/min / Z 22.5 m/min Isdpfsy Dgb Nex Abuear • Vector speed: 40 m/min • Drilling unit: 16 spindles, 4000 rpm, 2.2 kW (10 vertical + 6 horizontal) • Main spindle: HSK-63 • Tool magazine: Side magazine, 7 positions

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2003, Robot Industrial Robot KUKA Kuka Robot KR15-2 Year of manufacture 2000-2003 Reach 1500 mm Weight 222 kg Payload 15 kg Kuka Control System KRC2 Weight 185 kg Processor 733 MHz Operating System Win95 Software version V4.1.7 Kuka Teach Pendant KCP2 Kuka Connection Cables 7 m / 15 m freshly repainted!! Iaedpfxefua Ico Abuer Several units in stock!

Condition: used, mileage: 33,000 km, power: 110 kW (149.56 HP), first registration: 06/2022, fuel type: diesel, overall weight: 3,110 kg, color: white, gearing type: mechanical, emission class: euro6, number of seats: 5, total length: 5,400 mm, total width: 1,835 mm, total height: 1,800 mm, loading space length: 1,780 mm, loading space width: 1,800 mm, Equipment: ABS, air conditioning, all wheel drive, central locking, navigation system, soot filter, Chat via WhatsApp now: Quick & easy contact with our sales consultant. Attention!!! Preferential sale to business customers. Internal ID Number: [3227] --- Optional extras available: * 12 to 64 months warranty (valid EU-wide) * New inspection * New TÜV & emissions test (AU) * Nationwide delivery * Financing available, also with no down payment * Retrofit trailer hitch / rear view camera on request! * Spring promotion: On request and for just €999 surcharge, increase the towing capacity up to 3,500 kg (depending on vehicle and manufacturer). --- Vehicle highlights: * 19% VAT can be itemized * Regularly serviced Isdpfx Aey Aiptjbujar * German vehicle * Immediately operational * Euro 6 emission standard * Accident-free * Kunath flatbed body (2,000 x 1,750 x 0.50) * All-wheel drive * Towing capacity: 3,000 kg (upgradeable to 3,500 kg) * Payload: 1,000 kg * Further equipment: Air conditioning, cruise control, LED 3rd brake light, 6 speakers, passenger airbag deactivatable, driver/passenger airbag, Trailer Stability Assist (TSA), drivetrain: all-wheel drive, front armrest, front ashtray, exterior mirrors with aluminum look, power-folding exterior mirrors, power adjustable exterior mirrors, heated exterior mirrors, black B-pillars, LED indicators integrated into exterior mirrors, Bluetooth/audio interface, brake assist, sunglasses compartment, roof antenna, tachometer, automatic headlight activation, electronic stability and traction control (MASC + MATC), hill start assist system, driver information system (FIS) with color display, remote fuel cap unlock, Bluetooth hands-free system, front cup holders, front seatbelt tensioners, lockable and illuminated glove compartment, chrome tailgate handle, LED rear lights, heated rear window, interior and exterior temperature display, cockpit and door trim in piano black finish, silver trim, auto-dimming interior mirror, body/build: pick-up, automatic climate control, knee airbag, rear and front curtain airbags, steering column (steering wheel) height and reach adjustable, reading light, alloy wheels, center console with storage compartment, facelift model, engine 2.2 l - 110 kW DI-D CAT, digital radio (DAB), digital radio (DAB+), wheelbase 3,000 mm, rear view camera, low emissions according to Euro 6d-TEMP, interval-adjustable wipers, clear-glass headlights, front and rear mud flaps, front side airbags, side impact protection, height-adjustable seatbelts, driver seat height adjustable, front seat heating, smartphone interface (Apple CarPlay & Android Auto), start/stop system (ASG), under-seat storage (front right), 12V socket in center armrest/console, chrome bumpers, bumpers in vehicle color, passenger compartment carpeted, touchscreen color display (7.0 inch), side steps, rear bumper step, exterior door handles in silver, interior door handles chrome, underrun protection (silver), USB/audio interface, tinted rear windows, lashing eyes in the load compartment, heat protection glazing --- Looking for leasing or financing? We offer attractive deals – also with no down payment! Feel free to contact us. Contact: Phone: E-mail: Location: Nutzfahrzeuge West GmbH Rudolf-Diesel-Str. 2 45711 Datteln, Germany

Condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, Slow-speed shredder Cutting width - 150 mm Motor power - 2.2 kW Rotor speed 200 rpm Number of rotor knives - 9 pcs Number of stator knives - 2 pcs 7 units available, condition flawless Throughput up to 25 kg/h Iaedpfxoyf I N Aj Abuer Price 1,000 EUR per unit

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, total length: 3,700 mm, Vertical mast platform JLG Toucan 12E Plus Drive Diesel Year built 2025 Iaodpfx Abey Abhnoujr Work height (mm) 12,650

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, total length: 10,130 mm, Telescopic work platforms Manitou 220 TJ Plus Iasdpfx Abey Abgqeuer Drive Diesel Year built 2025 Work height (mm) 21,740

Condition: used, mileage: 68,972 km, power: 120 kW (163.15 HP), first registration: 06/2019, fuel type: diesel, overall weight: 4,500 kg, wheelbase: 3,682 mm, color: white, gearing type: mechanical, Equipment: onboard computer, power assisted steering, Special features - ABS, ASR - Radio - Cruise control - Power steering - Driver's seat with armrest - Electric windows - Electronic immobilizer - Central locking with remote control - On-board computer - Parking assist Superstructure France Elevateur 152 TPF Aerial Work Platform - Working height: 14.8 m - Lateral outreach: 8.3 m - Basket capacity up to 265 kg - Slewing angle 400° - Articulating basket arm 140° - 2 x 60° basket rotation - 2 hydraulic outriggers - Plastic work basket (1000 V insulation) - Indicator light for transport position in the driver’s cab - Emergency pump - Operating hours meter - Engine start/stop function - Sine wave power inverter 2500 VA Iodpfxoy Dfxms Abusar - 230V socket in basket - Single-handed joystick proportional control for hydraulic movements in the work basket - Audible tilt alarm - Flashing beacons The Renault Master is equipped with a professional aerial work platform from the manufacturer France Elevateur, model 152 TPFcc. This platform offers an impressive working height and allows safe and efficient access to elevated areas for maintenance or repair work. All functions of the lift are fully operational and have been inspected by our workshop. The vehicle is ready for registration. German documents, TÜV and UVV certification are included free of charge. Additional features such as trailer hitch, lighting, shelving, and more are available upon request. Available immediately at our branch in Langenfeld. ACR-Juretzki Nutzfahrzeughandels GmbH – Your reliable partner for used commercial vehicles All vehicles offered by us are the property of ACR-Juretzki Nutzfahrzeughandels GmbH. The presentation is exclusively with original photos taken in-house – ensuring full transparency regarding the vehicle’s actual condition. Our vehicles undergo thorough reconditioning in our own specialist workshop before sale – including mechanics, bodywork, and painting. They are thus optimally prepared for their next technical inspection. We also guarantee the authenticity of the stated mileage. Trust is good – control is better: On request, the vehicle can be inspected by independent inspection organizations such as TÜV, DEKRA, or KÜS – also as a remote inspection. Our service offer for you: - Delivery of your vehicle to your desired location - Complete handling of export formalities, including export license plates - Individual financing and leasing offers - Trade-in of your current vehicle - Installation of special features as requested Looking for something specific? If you can’t currently find a suitable vehicle for your business in our stock, just contact us – we’ll be happy to help. For technical details, more photos, or a personal consultation, please contact us at any time. All prices stated are net prices. The contents of our website are created with the greatest care and updated regularly. Nevertheless, they are for general information purposes only and do not replace individual advice. Only the details contained in the purchase contract are binding. Subject to change, errors, typing mistakes, and prior sale.

Year of construction: 2005, condition: used, Rotary die-cutter Curioni Plus 240x165 vacuum introduction 3 colors Polishing machine Castaldini year 2005 equipped with soundproof cabin Ijdpfx Aox Hgf Tjbuoar

Year of construction: 2026, condition: new, functionality: fully functional, Function Easy handling thanks to fully automatic cleaning process. This allows professionals to focus on other important tasks. The wash tank is filled with a mixture of water and water-soluble IBS-Special Cleaner WAS (washing lye). The soiled parts are placed in the rotatable washing basket and the lid is closed. After setting the desired wash temperature and time, the device is switched on and the lye is being heated in the tank. In the closed device, the basket rotates at constant speed around its own axis. The pump aggregate draws the lye from the washing tank and transports it through 3 stainless steel nozzle tubes with overlapping flat jet nozzles. Advantage The soiled parts are radiated intensively with the hot lye from all sides in the rotating basket, driven by geared motor. After completing the cleaning process, the device switches off automatically. 1 pump arranged horizontally Specific output: 120 L/min Isdpjhct Eaofx Abuoar 3 three-dimensional stainless-steel nozzle tubes robust stainless-steel design additional small parts cleaning basket made of stainless steel (Ø 170 mm) rotating washing basket made of stainless steel, driven by geared motor steam extraction screen plate with filter inlets made of stainless steel above the wash tank water indicator longer nozzle tube above and below 9 nozzles more than Mini 60 Technical data Tank capacity 80 l Basket diameter 600 mm Capacity 100 kg Temperature min. - max. 0-60 °C Dimensions (W x D x H) 945 x 830 x 1025 / 1640 mm Weight 60 kg Spray rate 7200 l/h Material Stainless steel Power supply 3,9 kW / 400 V / 50 HZ Nutzhöhe 380 mm Pumpendruck 2,4 bar

Condition: used, power: 110 kW (149.56 HP), fuel type: diesel, lifting height: 21,000 mm, axle configuration: 4x4, Year of construction: 2015, operating hours: 5,625 h, Equipment: all wheel drive, Drive: Wheel Empty weight: 16.410 kg Chassis type: rigid Lifting capacity: 4.999 kg Rental currency: EUR Please contact KEY-TEC Sales for more information Iasdpfx Asx Evi Sobujr

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2006, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: R2DU2101, CNC lathe with main and sub spindle, featuring two 12-position turrets and double bar feeder. Make: EMCO, Model: TURN 332MC Plus Year of manufacture: 2006, Serial number: R2DU2101 Control system: Siemens Maximum turning diameter: 220 mm Ijdpfxjyzn U Ee Abuear ----- Attractive offer – flexible & worry-free We offer you not only a high-quality product, but also tailored financing options to suit your requirements. Whether you prefer a down payment, installment plan, or individual financing model – together, we will find the solution that fits your needs. Upon request, we can also arrange complete transport logistics. From planning through to reliable delivery, we ensure a smooth and punctual process so that you do not have to worry about a thing. 📞 Feel free to contact us for more information or a non-binding quote. We provide personal and professional advice. Subject to prior sale, modifications, and errors!

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2023, operating hours: 204 h, functionality: fully functional, type of input current: three-phase, overall weight: 3,500 kg, BM2508-Plus is a versatile box-making machine that integrates horizontal slotting and scoring, vertical slitting and creasing, as well as horizontal cutting. It also features die-cutting capabilities for handle holes on both sides of the carton box. As one of the most advanced and multifunctional machines available, the BM2508-Plus offers comprehensive, customizable packaging solutions for both end users and box manufacturing plants. It is well-suited for a wide range of industries, including furniture, hardware accessories, e-commerce logistics, and more. rd size 2500mm width x unlimited length rd size 200mm width x 650mm length Production Capacity Appr.400Pcs/H Up to 600Pcs/H Depends on size and box style. Slotting Knife 2 pcs *500mm Length Vertical Cutting knife 4 Scoring/Creasing wheel 4 Horizontal Cutting knife 1 Power supply BM2508-Plus 380V±10%，Max. 7.5kW, 50/60 Hz Iodpfx Abowyvmgjuear Air Pressure 0.6-0.7MPa Dimension 3500(W) * 1900（L）* 2030mm(H) Gross Weight Appr.3500Kg Automatic paper feeding Available Hand hole on box sides Available Air Consumption 75L/Min

Condition: used, maximum load weight: 28,570 kg, overall weight: 36,000 kg, axle configuration: 3 axles, first registration: 12/2013, next inspection (TÜV): 08/2026, loading space length: 13,620 mm, loading space width: 2,480 mm, loading space height: 2,780 mm, loading space volume: 91 m³, total width: 2,550 mm, total height: 4,000 mm, Year of construction: 2013, Equipment: ABS, SDP 27, LASI EN 12642 Code XL, disc brakes Body interior/exterior: Iaodpfx Abjy Aqrieuor * Sliding curtain left & right * Fast tensioners at front * Sliding roof * Load securing certificate EN 12642 Code XL * Internal height approx. 2,780 mm * Perforated outer frame (Multilock) * Pallet stop right * Phenolic plywood floor for forklift axle load of 7,100 kg * 9.0 m coil well * Swedish stanchions * 3 pairs of sliding stanchions, movable * Rear portal doors with double locks * Access ladder * Tool box * Reversing lights * Rear fog lamp Chassis / other equipment: BPW Eco Plus axles * 430 mm disc brakes * Air suspension * Raise and lower * ABS, EBS * Spare wheel holder * Tyres 385/65 R 22.5 * Remaining tread approx. 2 - 16 mm --- Non-binding offer from location Bocholt, subject to prior sale and errors excepted. Sale to businesses or for export only.

Condition: ready for operation (used), 1 x stitching unit 380 2 x stitching heads HK75Q 1 x Touch screen Navigation control 1 x oblique sheet saddle monitor 1 x remote control inch 4 x section feeders 370 1 x cover folder feeder 1529 Iasdpfxoyuk S Ss Abusr 1 x three knife trimmer 449 1 x stream delivery 1564 Optional; 2 x loop stitching heads 1 x Rima stacker

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2018, load capacity: 7,000 kg, fuel type: diesel, gearing type: automatic, Equipment: cabin, Manitou MRT 2470 plus Privilege #772691 in red Type: MRT 2470 Lifting capacity: 7,000 kg Power: 129 kW Color: red EXTRAS: Radio remote control included (see photo) Performance (Metric) Max. lifting capacity: 7,000 kg Max. lift height: 24.80 m Max. outreach: 20.50 m Dimensions l2 - Length to fork back: 7.55 m l1 - Overall length: 8.75 m b1 - Overall machine width: 2.49 m b7 - Overall width (stabilisers extended): 6.25 m h17 - Overall height: 3.05 m Wa3 - Outer turning radius (chassis): 6.50 m m4 - Ground clearance: 0.35 m a4 - Tilt angle: 12.30° a5 - Dump angle: 108.70° Standard tires: pneumatic Standard forks: 1200 x 130 x 60 mm Weight: 21,760 kg Stabilisers Type: Telescopic scissor supports Controls: Stabiliser operation, individual or simultaneous Drive Manufacturer: Mercedes Type / Emission standard: OM 934 E4-5 - Stage 4 / Final Tier 4 Power: 176 hp / 129 kW Max. torque: 750 Nm @ 1,500 rpm No. of cylinders / Displacement: 4 / 5,130 cm³ Injection: Direct Cooling: Water-cooled Transmission Type: Hydrostatic Tractive force: 9,500 daN Parking brake: Automatic negative Service brake: Hydraulic Hydraulics Pump type: Variable displacement Hydraulic flow: 180 l/min Pressure: 350 bar Tanks Hydraulic oil: 290 l Fuel: 290 l Exhaust treatment fluid AdBlue: 57 l Noise emission and vibration Operator station noise level (LpA): 79.70 dB(A) Iasdpfx Ajytk Nbobuor Ambient noise level (LwA): 108 dB(A) Hand/arm vibration exposure

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), Year of construction: 2024, functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 700 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 400 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 400 mm, Working Area Control: Fanuc 31i-B5 Travel X: 700 mm Travel Y: 400 mm Travel Z: 400 mm Clamping surface: 850 x 410 mm Maximum table load: 400 kg Rapid traverse in X/Y/Z axes: 54 m/min Positioning accuracy: 0.006 mm Iodpfx Abjydi Hyeuoar Repeatability: 0.004 mm Spindle Technology: Direct drive Maximum speed: 24,000 rpm Maximum power: 26 kW Maximum torque: 35 Nm Tool holder: BBT 30 Tool Changer Tool magazine: 21 stations Tool change time: 1.3 s Equipment Coolant supply: Through-spindle coolant, 20 bar Workpiece measurement: Renishaw OMP 400 Tool measurement: Renishaw Laser NC 4 Warranty: 12 months

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, neu 2025 030161 prompt, Zwischenverkauf v Deutschland 7350.17 € 141.86 € 1 23 mm MK 2 260 mm 20 - 2000 U/min 1.5 kW M16x1 430 mm 715 mm 1800 mm 290 kg manuell mm/U 110 mm 230 - 850 mm 420 x 340 mm 100 mm Drilling capacity / normal drilling capacity 23/25 (in E335/ST60) Manual feed Main switch Gewindeschneideinrichtung Control panel with OLED display Robust, high quality drill head hood with ergonomically inclined front Iaedpexcg Ecefx Abujr LED lighting Quickly adjustable and ergonomic drill depth stop Stepless speed control via central rotary knob EMERGENCY STOP pushbutton Thermal overload protection Spindle stop Drill protection with electr. Fuse Connection cable with CEE plug OPTIONS: Drill package 3 (vice & keyless chuck) Coolant device LED lighting with pivot arm

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, neu 2025 Iaedpsxcbhrofx Abujr 030138 prompt, Zwischenverkauf v Deutschland 3444.77 € 1 13 mm MK 2 220 mm 40 - 4000 U/min M 10 (steigungsabhängig) 520 mm 400 mm 850 mm 62 kg 60 mm 85 - 370 mm 420 mm 300 x 250 mm 70 mm Continuous/normal drilling performance 13/15 (in E335/ST60), 12 Nm Manual feed Digital speed and drilling depth display Thread cutting device Control panel with OLED display Robust, high-quality drill head cover with ergonomically inclined front LED lighting Quickly adjustable and ergonomic drilling depth stop Continuous speed control via central rotary knob Emergency stop push button Thermal overload protection Spindle stop Drill protection with electrical protection Connection cable with Schuko plug OPTIONS: Machine cabinet with door and drawer Drill package 2 (vice & keyless chuck)