Used Kasto Hbs 2 for sale (79,188)

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1981, cutting diameter 320 mm saw band length 4670 mm cutting width 580 mm total power requirement 7,4 kW weight of the machine ca. 3 t Sawing range, circular, max. 100 - 320 mm vertical, max. 100/100 x 320/460 mm Length of cut, min./max. 0 - 580 mm Distance from column to saw band, max. 690 mm Cutting speed, infinitely variable 16 - 160 m/min Dimensions of saw band, length x Ø approx. 4,670 x 38 mm Length of remaining pieces, automatic/single cut 100/10 mm Saw blade drive, approx. 4.4 kW Dedpfx Ajt Hwrnelbswb Total electrical load, approx. 7.4 kW - 380 V - 50 Hz Weight, approx. 3,000 kg Accessories / Special Features: * Infinitely variable speeds of saw blade motor via servo motor and STOEBER drive. Display of cutting speed on control panel. * Infinitely variable settings of sawing feed with display of the current cutting speed. * Workpiece counter: Number of workpieces can be preset. Selection switch for single cuts / multiple cuts. * Display for band tension and cutting feed. * Automatic motor-driven material feed, controlled by a positioning processor, Model PP 160, with input of the appropriate lengths using a roll conveyor approx. 1,500 mm, with enlargement approx. 2,000 mm. And with a stable roll conveyor for the exterior area, 3,500 mm. * Built-in chip conveyor with coolant device. * Built-on switch cabinet. Condition : Good. Machine can soon be inspected under power. Delivery : Ex stock, as inspected. Payment : Net, after conclusion of contract. Thank you for your interest. We have a selection of saws on stock. Please let us know your requirements.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1980, machine/vehicle number: 258695, Lg.no. 24444 Technical data: - E.- Hydr. raising/lowering of the saw bow - Saw blade dimensions 400 x 30 x 1.5 mm - Cutting range at 90° - round approx. 210 mm - flat approx. 240 x 190 mm - square approx. 210 x 210 mm - Cutting range at 45° - round approx. 150 mm - flat approx. 150 x 100 mm - approx. 130 x 210 mm - square approx. 145 x 145 mm - Adjustable stroke speeds + cutting speeds - Stroke speeds 62 / 125 m/min - Average cutting speed 16 / 32 m/min - Mitre-adjustable vice with opening width up to 260 mm - E.-Mot. coolant device Dwjdpsu H Acyefx Albsb - Drive 400 V / 1.1 kW - Space requirement approx. W 600 x H 1250 x D 1300 mm - Weight approx. 250 kg

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1988, Hacksaw, hacksaw machine -Manufacturer: Kasto, hydraulic mobile bow saw with coolant system -Type: BSM 253 Dwodpfx Aljza Svvebsb -Power: 1.5 kW -Cutting speed: 3 levels -Max. cutting height: 205 mm -Max. cutting width: 255 mm -Clamping stock: swivels 45° -Saw blade: Length 400 mm -Machine dimensions: 1300/640/H1115 mm -Weight: 344 kg

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1989, Hacksaw, hacksaw machine -Manufacturer: Kasto, hydraulic mobile bow saw with coolant system -Type: BSM 253 -Power: 1.5 kW -Cutting speed: 3 levels Dwodpfoza Suxox Albeb -Max. cutting height: 205 mm -Max. cutting width: 255 mm -Clamping stock: swivels 45° -Saw blade: Length 400 mm -Machine dimensions: 1300/640/H1115 mm -Weight: 344 kg

Condition: not inspected (used), Year of construction: 1985, range L-W-H 400x300x200 mm saw diameter 420 mm weight of the machine ca. 3500 kg Producer: KASTO Type: HBA 420U Dwedpfx Aevf N Suolbsb Year of manufacture: 1985 Dimensions (width x height x depth): approx. 400x200x300 cm At7Zcq Fully automatic NC horizontal bandsaw 1 chip conveyor, 1 external chip conveyor, 1 person. driven roller conveyor approx. 450 cm.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1997, cutting diameter 520 mm saw band length 7239 mm cutting range square 520 x 520 mm feed length 500 mm feed length 4500 mm cutting length min. 6 mm 10/100 mm cutting speed 20 - 130 m/min dimensions of saw-band 7239 x 50 x 1,3 mm weight of the machine ca. 4,2 t dimensions 2300 x 3420 x 2385 m Control MINIPOS 807 CNC control Minipos 807 Special accessories: Dwsdpfoxfwd Iox Albsb - Coolant device - Chip conveyor - Removal roller conveyor - Standard jaws

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1990, Cutting capacity at 90°: round: 210 mm square: 210 mm flat: 240 x 190 mm Cutting capacity at 45°: Dedpfoymb Afex Albowb round: 150 mm square: 150 x 100 mm flat: 150 x 100 mm Saw blade dimensions: 400 x 30 x 1.5 mm 2 stroke speeds via pole-change motor: 16 and 32 m/min Drive motor: 380 V, 0.9 kW Weight: 170 kg Space requirement: 1190 x 480 x 1300 mm

Condition: excellent (used), KASTOmicut U 2.6 – Semi-Automatic Pivot Frame Bandsaw incl. Long Roller Conveyor For sale is a heavy-duty, semi-automatic pivot frame bandsaw KASTOmicut U 2.6. The machine features infinitely variable cutting speed and is ideally suited for all cross-cutting and mitre tasks (-45°/+60°) on pipes, profiles, and solid materials in workshop environments. The fully hydraulic saw feed and hydraulic material clamping enable semi-automatic, sensitive, and tool-preserving sawing operations. — Features • Hydraulic saw feed • Rotary table as material support • Hydraulic material clamping • Infinitely variable cutting speed • Mitre cuts to both sides from +60° to -45° — Technical data • Dimensions (L × W × H): 760 × 1620 × 2040 mm • Material support height: 950 mm • Total weight: 510 kg • Total power: 2 kW • Cutting speed: 20 – 110 m/min • Saw band dimensions: 3,180 × 27 × 0.9 mm • Saw band guides: Side and back roller guides, replaceable • Material clamping: Mechanical • Saw feed: Hydraulic, continuously adjustable • Saw band tension: Mechanical • Saw band cleaning: Fitted with a replaceable wire brush — Cutting capacities • 90° round (solid/pipe): 160 / 260 mm • 90° flat (W × H) (pipe): 310 × 260 mm • 90° square (solid/pipe): 160 × 160 / 260 × 260 mm • +45° round (pipe): 220 mm • +45° flat (W × H) (pipe): 200 × 200 mm • +60° round (pipe): 140 mm • +60° flat (W × H) (pipe): 140 × 140 mm • -45° round (pipe): 240 mm • -45° flat (W × H) (pipe): 200 × 260 mm • -45° square (pipe): 210 × 210 mm • Minimum remnant length: 30 mm — Condition & Delivery The machine is in perfect working condition and ready for immediate use. • Shipping on a pallet by freight forwarder possible Europe-wide • Additional machines available – check our listings for more offers — Contact Maschinenhandel Nord Gerstenstraße 2 17034 Neubrandenburg 📞 All prices plus VAT. Subject to change and errors excepted. Djdpfx Asxizabjlbjwb

Year of construction: 2003, condition: ready for operation (used), A fully automatic metal band saw Kasto with roller conveyors is available. Mitre min./max.: -45°/60°, max. cutting diameter: 260mm, max. cutting dimensions X/Y: 300mm/260mm, saw band dimensions X/Y/Z: approx. 2910mm/27mm/0.9mm, machine dimensions X/Y/Z: approx. 1500mm/1850mm/1500mm, weight: approx. 900kg, control: Kasto BasicControl. Certain parts of the machine are defective. An on-site inspection is possible. Dwjdpfxsycwrhs Albjb

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2007, cutting height (max.): 1,060 mm, cutting width (max.): 1,060 mm, Bandsaw Kasto HBA 10×12 Year 2007 Cutting ranges: Cutting area round 1,060 mm Cutting area square 1,060 x 1,060 mm Cutting area flat 1,060 x 1,260 mm Clamping range 300 - 1,260 mm Smallest dimension to be sawn approx. Ø 300 mm Dwsdpfxowk D Efo Albsb Smallest cut-off length 10 mm Minimum offcut length single cut 20 mm Minimum offcut length in automatic mode 100 mm Maximum table load 50 tons Table travel 6100 mm Total drive power 20 kW Saw motor 11 kW Infinitely variable cutting speed at 50 and 60 Hz 12 - 90 m/min Automatic feed length single 2,100 mm Clamping force of machine vice 50,000 N Saw blade dimensions 11,430 x 80 x 1.6 mm Cutting feed: infinitely variable Material feed: hydraulic Material clamping: hydraulic Saw blade guide: carbide, replaceable Saw blade tensioning: hydraulic Saw blade cleaning: with easily replaceable brush, motor-driven The offer is aimed exclusively at traders within the meaning of §14 BGB (German Civil Code) No sale to private individuals

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1988, machine/vehicle number: 77796, Offer 25071 Technical data: - Electro-hydraulic raising and lowering of the saw bow - Saw blade dimensions: 400 x 45 x 2.0 mm - Cutting range - 90° round: approx. 250 mm - flat: approx. 250 x 130 mm - square: approx. 220 x 220 mm - Max. vice opening width: 405 mm - Stroke and cutting speeds adjustable - Mitre-adjustable vice Dwedpowzu A Asfx Albjb - Electric motor with coolant unit - Drive: 380 V / 2.0 kW - Required space: approx. W 550 x H 1270 x D 1700 mm - Weight: approx. 380 kg

Year of construction: 2004, condition: ready for operation (used), A fully automatic Kasto band saw system is available. Cutting range at 90°: round material: 530mm, square material: 530mm/530mm, flat material: 530mm/640mm, saw blade length: 7675mm, saw blade width: 54mm, saw blade thickness: 1.6mm, cutting speed: 120m/min. Overall system dimensions X/Y/Z: approx. 5200mm/2700mm/2700mm, weight: approx. 6000kg. Including roller conveyors. Documentation available. On-site inspection is possible. Dwedpfx Alsv S E Edjbsb

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1999, machine/vehicle number: 6410/102/051, Offer 25325 Technical Data: - Cutting capacity at 90° - round: 320 mm - flat: Width 500 x Height 300 mm - Mitre adjustment – right & left up to 60° - Cutting capacity at 45° – left & right: 320 mm - flat: 304 x 300 mm - Material support height approx. 750 mm - Saw blade dimensions: 5090 x 34 x 1.1 mm - Cutting speed infinitely adjustable: 17 to 90 m/min - Cutting pressure infinitely adjustable: 0 – 10 m/min - Total drive power: 400 V / 4.0 kW - Motorised chip removal brush - Hydraulic lifting/lowering of the saw frame - Hydraulically operated movable workpiece vice - Hydraulic mitre adjustment with digital angle display - Swarf conveyor - Motorised infeed roller conveyor KASTO, 10 m - Outfeed roller conveyor KASTO with length stop, 6 m Dwodsxph E Rspfx Albob - Required space approx.: W 1300 x H 1400 x D 3100 mm - Machine weight approx.: 1800 kg - Roller conveyor weight approx.: 3500 kg

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1998, functionality: fully functional, overall weight: 2,200 kg, cutting range square steel at 90°: 260 mm, saw blade length: 4,115 mm, Automatic Bandsaw Kasto Ssb 260 Va Model: Ssb 260 Va Year: 1998 Cutting capacity Ø 260 mm Dwodpfx Aljxf Hr Ijbsb Main motor power: 4 kW Automatic feed stroke: 600 mm Cutting capacity (square): 260 x 260 mm Blade dimensions: 4,115 x 41 x 1.3 mm Total weight: 2,200 kg Complete with: New saw bands Internal code: svr 323

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1991, machine/vehicle number: 113307651086088, functionality: fully functional, cutting height (max.): 260 mm, total height: 2,100 mm, total length: 2,200 mm, total width: 2,100 mm, saw band length: 4,115 mm, saw band width: 38 mm, The Kasto SSB 260 VA is a fully automatic bandsaw machine designed for precise serial cuts of solid material, pipes, and profiles. It stands out for its compact design and high cutting accuracy. The machine features hydraulic workpiece clamping, automatic feed, and a coolant system. Dwedpfxewqw Tve Albob Additionally, a chip conveyor is integrated to increase efficiency. Cutting range round: 10 – 260 mm Cutting range square: 260 x 260 mm Smallest cut-off length: 5 mm Single feed: 600 mm Multiple feed: max. 5,400 mm Cutting speed: 15 – 125 m/min (stepless) Saw blade dimensions: 4,115 x 38 x 1.3 mm Drive power: 4 / 6.5 kW Machine weight: 2,110 kg Machine dimensions (LxWxH): approx. 2,160 x 2,080 x 2,015 mm

Condition: ready for operation (used), Offered for sale is a fully automatic KASTO vertical bandsaw. Round cutting capacity: 10mm-260mm, max. square cutting capacity X/Y: 260mm/260mm, min./max. cut-off length: 5mm/600mm, feed length: 600mm, min. remnant length: 10mm, max. cutting speed: 125m/min, saw blade dimensions X/Y/Z: 4115mm/41mm/1.3mm, control: KASTO minipos 807, weight: approx. 2200kg. Inspection by appointment is possible. Dsdpezrzn Rsfx Albewb

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2001, Cutting 90°: 330 Cutting flat 90°: 330 x 330mm Cutting speed Vario:12 - 120 Dsdpfx Alou R R Acebswb Circle blade size: 6830 x 41 x 1,3mm Power: 7.5kW Length: 4600mm Width: 2150mm Height: 2310mm Weight: 4300kg Please Note: The information on this page has been obtained to the best of our ability and belief, and from the manufacturers where possible. It is given in good faith, but its accuracy can not be guaranteed. Accordingly, it will not form a representation or constitute contractual terms. We advise you to check any vital details!

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2003, functionality: fully functional, KASTOtec AC 4 Cutting Capacity Round: 430 mm Cutting Capacity Square H x W: 430 x 430 mm Cutting Capacity Flat H x W: 430 x 430 mm Clamping Range: 0 – 430 mm Smallest Workpiece Dimension: 10 x 10 mm Minimum Cut-off Length: 6 mm Shortest Remainder Length in Automatic Operation (only for geometrically flawless surfaces): 35 mm Shortest Remainder Length in Single Cut: 10 mm Dimensions and Weights: Length approx.: 2,140 mm Width incl. chip conveyor: 4,610 mm Height (saw frame lowered) approx.: 2,195 mm Height (saw frame at highest position) approx.: 2,410 mm Material Support Height: 700 mm Total Weight: 4,300 kg Year of Manufacture: 2003 Performance Data: Total Connected Load: 25 kW Saw Motor Power: 15 kW Drive Power at Flywheel: 14 kW Cutting Speed—stepless, 50/60 Hz version: 12 - 120 m/min Automatic Material Feed Length Single: 600 mm Saw Blade Dimensions: 6,830 x 41 x 1.3 mm Coolant Tank Capacity: 150 l KASTOtec AC 4 Fully hydraulic high-performance band saw in heavy-duty design Suitable for cutting round, square, flat material as well as tubes and profiles in all grades, especially for tool steels and difficult-to-machine materials such as titanium, Hastelloy, Inconel, etc. Machine Base Torsion-resistant welded construction Saw Unit of steel-mineral composite construction Saw Unit Guidance High-performance sawing technology requires backlash-free and low-maintenance guidance systems. Two vertical square guide columns, one linear guide unit with backlash-free set carriages, as well as two preloaded and adjustable rollers on a guide rail ensure high rigidity and cutting accuracy. Greater machining performance, shorter cutting times, higher blade life, and maintenance-free guide systems with high availability characterize the new KASTOtec. Saw Blade Guidance Side guides by hydraulically preloaded carbide slide guides with quick lift feature for fast blade changes. Back guide by oscillating carbide slide guides. Automatic adjustment of the movable blade guide according to the width of the material to be cut. Material Lift Device After cutting in automatic cycle, the workpiece is moved approx. 2 mm away from the blade on the feed side using the material lift device while clamped (increases blade life). Options for the Machine - Carbide package - Coolant monitoring Dwjdpfoy Dckmex Albjb - Blade tracking - Speed monitoring - Machine lamp - Roller conveyor - CNC control - Special chip conveyor - Carbide package Discharge Roller Conveyor for the KASTOtec AC 4 available in stock, dimensions: 1200 mm long, 500 mm support width, 6 transport rollers

Condition: used, cutting diameter / mm saw band length / mm cutting width / mm Djdpfx Alszu Dausbewb Manufacturer: KASTO Type: SSB 260 VA Machine type: Fully automatic band saw Design: Hydraulic, automatic feed Cutting range (round): approx. 10–260 mm Cutting range (square): approx. 260 × 260 mm Minimum cut length: approx. 5 mm Automatic feed: approx. 600 mm Multiple feed: up to approx. 5,400 mm (depending on version) Cutting speed: approx. 15–125 m/min, infinitely variable Saw band length: approx. 4,115 mm Saw band width: approx. 38–41 mm (depending on version) Saw band thickness: approx. 1.0–1.3 mm Saw motor: approx. 4.0 kW Total connected load: approx. 6.5 kW Machine weight: approx. 2,000–2,200 kg Dimensions: approx. 2,160 × 2,080 × 2,015 mm (depending on version) SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND WITHOUT GUARANTEE – TECHNICAL DATA

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2001, Manufacturer: KASTO Type: KASTOtec A4 Year of construction: 2001 Specifications: Metric Metric US Standard Djdpfx Alsu R R Avjbjwb Sawing capacity round 90 430 Sawing capacity flat 90 430 x 430 mm Feed range 0 - 600 mm Multi-feed range 0 - 9999 mm Min, saw length 35 mm Max. Sawing speed 12 - 120 Saw blade dimensions 6830 x 41 x 1.3 mm Saw power 7.5 kW Dimensions (estimate) length 4800 mm width 2200 mm Height 2200 mm weight 5200 kg Please note: The information on this page is given in good faith and to the best of our knowledge, and where possible, has been obtained from the manufacturer, but accuracy cannot be guaranteed. Accordingly, it does not constitute a representation or contract and we recommend that you check all relevant details.

Condition: used, Hydraulic bandsaw, metal cutting saw, power hacksaw KASTO Type PSB WBS 210 / 230 Machine No. 115 106 1212 / 72783 Year of manufacture 1986 Cutting range - Round Ø 250 mm Djdoifu Ayspfx Albowb Cutting range - Square 225 x 225 mm Cutting range - Rectangle 260 x 100 mm Cutting speed 11 - 13 - 17 - 22 - 26 - 34 m/min Saw blade length 400 mm Motor power 1.4 and 1.8 kW, pole-changing Power connection 380 Volt, 50 Hz - Only for 90° cuts, no miter adjustment - Saw motor with 2 speeds and 3 V-belt stages - Hydraulic saw blade feed - Hydraulic cutting pressure adjustment via throttle valve - Rapid traverse for lowering the saw blade - Manually adjustable material support table with mm scale via handwheel - Manual material clamping - Coolant system in the machine base - Operating manual Space requirement L x W x H 1500 x 700 x 1550 mm Weight 590 kg Very good condition

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2019, 1 used CNC stud welding machine Manufacturer: HBS HBS Type: CPW0604/1K/1MZ Year of manufacture: 2019 Working area: 600 x 420 x 120 mm / 23.6" x 16.5" x 4.7" T-slot work table: 800 x 490 mm / 31.5" x 19.3" Welding range: M3 - M8, Ø 3 - 8 mm (Ø 10/12/12.7 mm only possible with modification) #4 - 5/16", Ø #4 - 5/16" (Ø 3/8" - 1/2" only possible with modification) Stud length: 8 - 40 mm / 0.31" - 1.57" (other lengths available upon request) Welding performance: Up to 30 studs/min. (depending on configuration) Feed rate: 25 m/min. (X-Y), 20 m/min. (Z) / 82'/min. X-Y, 65.6'/min. Z Stud feed: Automatic stud feed (up to 3 different stud lengths per welding head) Positioning accuracy of the welded stud: ± 0.2 mm / ± 0.008" Djdpfx Aezq R Uwolbjwb Positioning and repeatability accuracy: ± 0.05 mm / ± 0.002" Welding head: KAH 412 KAH 412 LA (mechanical length compensation - gap) Max. number of stud welding heads: 1 Connection values: Electrical: 400 V*, 16 A, 50 Hz; Pneumatic: min. 6 bar / max. 10 bar / internal hose diameter 6 mm Motorized Z-axis: Z = 0 - 120 mm / 0 - 4.7" (freely programmable via servo drive) Control: High-performance PLC according to IEC 61131-3 Display: 9-inch touchscreen Keyboard: Touch Dimensions (L x W x H): 1600 x 950 x 1900 mm / 63" x 37.4" x 74.8" Weight: Approx. 640 kg / 1410.96 lbs

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2012, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 7525SE-0949-FA, measuring range X-axis: 2,600 mm, number of axes: 7, TECHNICAL DETAILS Axes: 7 Measuring range: 2.6 m Dwedpfx Ajzv Rhuolbjb Accuracy Acceptance temperature: 20 °C Humidity during acceptance: 50 % Permissible single-point deviation: 0.028 mm Determined single-point deviation: 0.010 mm Maximum permissible volumetric length measuring deviation: ± 0.039 mm Determined volumetric length measuring deviation: -0.018 mm Scanner Manufacturer: Hexagon Model: CMS108 Integration: Calibrated within the measuring arm Note: Can be used on the measuring arm with appropriate scanning software Note: Scanning software not included in the scope of delivery MACHINE DETAILS Design: Portable measuring system Weight of measuring system including transport case: approx. 40 kg External dimensions of transport case for measuring arm: approx. 1,350 x 550 x 350 mm Dimensions of tripod: approx. 750 x 750 x 750 mm Weight of tripod: approx. 75 kg Dimensions of scanner case: approx. 600 x 450 x 220 mm Weight of scanner including carrying case: approx. 6 kg Notebook size: 17 inches Note: The measuring arm was relabeled before the last calibration. EQUIPMENT - Hexagon ROMER Absolute Arm RA-7525SE measuring arm, 7-axis - Mobility Pack FP2-1503-FA with wireless computer connection - Transport case for measuring arm - Magnetic base - Test bar, length 700 mm - Test sphere, diameter 25 mm - Probe box with 3 probes - Probe with ruby ball, diameter 6 mm - Probe with ruby ball, diameter 3 mm - Calibration sphere, diameter 15 mm - Dust cover - Complete cable set - Calibration certificate for measuring arm, notebook Dell M6600 - PowerInspect 11 software including hardware dongle - Hexagon RDS software - Brunson 231 roll stand, height-adjustable - Height adjustment range of tripod: approx. 700 to 1,100 mm - Scanner Hexagon CMS108 - Carrying case for scanner - Calibration certificate for scanner Note: PowerInspect 11 is exclusively for tactile measurements and cannot be linked with a scanner. Note for packaging request: €250 for special pallet with cardboard construction and tripod on a Euro pallet.

Condition: ready for operation (used), Bandsaw – Horizontal KASTO BSM 260 / 400 - Maximum cutting height: 260 mm - Cutting range, flat/rectangular: 400 x 260 mm - Miter cutting device - Cutting speed, continuously adjustable: 17-110 m/min - Drive power: approx. 2.2 kW - Saw blade dimensions: 4310 x 27 x 0.9 mm - Coolant system - Roller support - Well-maintained, good overall condition Dimensions: L x W x H: 2.5 x 1.2 x 1.5 meters / 1300 kg Errors and omissions excepted. Djdpfx Aozifc Telbswb

Year of construction: 2004, condition: good (used), A used, well-maintained double miter cold circular sawing machine from KASTO, model: “KASTOdisc A10” - Fully automatic operation - Single cut - Hydraulic clamping cylinders - Central lubrication for saw guides - Coolant system - Documentation Saw blade diameter 350 mm Cutting range: Round 90°/45° 100/100 mm Square 90°/45° 100x100/100x100 mm Rectangle 90°/45° 170x100/130x100 Shortest remaining piece length in single cut at 90°: 30 mm Shortest remaining piece length in automatic operation at 90°: 260 mm Working height 950 mm Dimensions (W x D x H) 1530x1348x1890 mm Weight 980 kg Further technical data can be found in the PDF document. Dedpfx Aokfvhkolbswb Technical data and dimensions: Subject to change.